Al Jalama, Tulkarm
| Al Jalama | |
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 Al Jalama
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| Arabic | الجلمه |
| Name Meaning | "The ruin of the hill"[1] |
| Sub-district | Tulkarm |
| Coordinates | 32°23′32.05″N 35°00′35.1″E / 32.3922361°N 35.00975°ECoordinates: 32°23′32.05″N 35°00′35.1″E / 32.3922361°N 35.00975°E |
| Population | 70[2][3] (1945) |
| Area | |
| Date of depopulation | 1 March 1950.[4] |
| Cause(s) of depopulation | |
| Current localities | Lahavot Chaviva |
Al Jalama (Arabic: الجلمه) or Khirbat al Jalama (Arabic: خربة الجلمه) was a Palestinian Arab village 8.5 kilometres (5.3 mi) north of Tulkarm. Situated close to the eastern banks of a valley of the same name (Wadi Jalama), it was inhabited during the Crusader and Mamluk periods, and again in Ottoman period by villagers from nearby Atlit. Its population was expelled by the Israeli military on 1 March 1950 after it fell under Israeli rule as a result of the 1949 armistice agreement that ended the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
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[edit] History
In the Crusader period, Khirbet al-Jalama was known as Gelenna. After the Mamluks took over, sultan Baybars apparently made a grant of the village land to three of his amirs in 1265.[3]
At the end on the 19th century, the village was described as a small adobe hamlet, situated on the side of a knoll.[5] The modern village originated from farmland, belonging to the inhabitants of Attil. The farmers settled on the land nearby, and in 1922 there were 29 villagers.[3] In 1945, Al Jalama had grown to a population of 70,[2] mainly belonging to two extended families, the Nadaf and the Daqqa.[6]
As the village was constructed on an old site, some archaeological remains were used for constructing houses. The houses were mainly constructed of stone or adobe. In the 1930s and 1940s, some houses were constructed of cement. The villagers, who were Muslim, grew watermelons, oranges and other crops. A well, 500 metres (1,600 ft) east of the village, provided water for domestic needs.[3]
[edit] 1948, and aftermath
On the 3 April 1949, Al Jalama came under Israeli control with the signing of the Jordan–Israel Mixed Armistice Commission.[6][7] According to Article VI, section 6 in this Armistice Agreement, the villagers were "protected in, their full rights of residence, property and freedom." However, the Israeli annexation of the villages made them subject to laws that had the purpose of stripping them of their land so that the land could then be given to Jewish settlements, and to eliminate the possibility of return.[6][8]
During the period of clearing the borders of Palestinians, Israel emptied Al Jalama (now consisting of 225 people) on 1 March 1950.[4] They were expelled by the military to the neighbouring village of Jatt, a move that Meron Benvenisti called "unquestionably illegal".[9] The villagers petitioned the Supreme Court of Israel for permission to return, which was granted in June 1952. However, members from the kibbutz Lehavot Haviva had settled on their land. On 11 August 1953, they blew up the remaining houses in Al-Jalama, thereby making sure that the Palestinian landowners could not return. The kibbutzniks claimed that the IDF had ordered them to do this and had given them funds for that purpose. The IDF denied this.[4] Israel then passed several retroactive laws that legalised the expropriation of the Al Jalama land.[10]
[edit] References
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- ^ Palmer, 1881, p.185
- ^ a b Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in S. Hadawi, Village Statistics, 1945. PLO Research Center, 1970, p.75
- ^ a b c d Khalidi, 1992, p. 554
- ^ a b c Morris, 2004, p. 534
- ^ Survey of Western Palestine, Vol. II,p. 152
- ^ a b c Benvenisti, 2002, p. 157
- ^ UN Doc S/1302/Rev.1 of 3 April 1949
- ^ Benvenisti, 2002, p. 158
- ^ Benvenisti, 2002, p. 160
- ^ Benvenisti, 2002, p. 161
[edit] Bibliography
- Benvenisti, Meron (2002), Sacred Landscape: The Buried History of the Holy Land Since 1948, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-23422-2, http://books.google.com/?id=7itq6zYtSJwC&pg=PA157
- Conder, Claude Reignier and H.H. Kitchener (1881): The Survey of Western Palestine: memoirs of the topography, orography, hydrography, and archaeology. London:Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. vol 2
- Hofnung, Menachem 1991: Israel -Security vs the Rule of Law. Jerusalem: Nevo, (pp.170-72, cited in Benvenisti)
- Hadawi, Sami (1970), Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine, Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center, http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html
- Khalidi, Walid (1992), All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948, Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies, ISBN 0-88728-224-5
- Morris, Benny (2004), The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6
- Palmer, E. H. (1881): The survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English name lists collected during the survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and explained by E.H. Palmer.
