GPR18
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| G protein-coupled receptor 18 | ||||||||
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| Identifiers | ||||||||
| Symbol | GPR18 | |||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 602042 MGI: 107859 HomoloGene: 18814 IUPHAR: GPR18 GeneCards: GPR18 Gene | |||||||
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| RNA expression pattern | ||||||||
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| More reference expression data | ||||||||
| Orthologs | ||||||||
| Species | Human | Mouse | ||||||
| Entrez | 2841 | 110168 | ||||||
| Ensembl | ENSG00000125245 | ENSMUSG00000050350 | ||||||
| UniProt | Q14330 | Q8K1Z6 | ||||||
| RefSeq (mRNA) | NM_001098200.1 | NM_182806.1 | ||||||
| RefSeq (protein) | NP_001091670.1 | NP_877958.1 | ||||||
| Location (UCSC) | Chr 13: 99.91 – 99.91 Mb |
Chr 14: 121.91 – 121.92 Mb |
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| PubMed search | [1] | [2] | ||||||
N-arachidonyl glycine receptor also known as G-protein coupled receptor 18 (GPR18) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR18 gene.[1][2] Along with the other previously "orphan" receptors GPR55 and GPR119, GPR18 has been found to be a receptor for endogenous lipid neurotransmitters, several of which also bind to cannabinoid receptors.[3][4][5]
Recent research supports the hypothesis that GPR18 is the abnormal cannabidiol receptor and N-arachidonoyl glycine, the endogenous lipid metabolite of anandamide, initiates directed microglial migration in the CNS through activation of GPR18.[6]
[edit] Ligands
Ligands found to bind to GPR18 include:[6][7]
- N-arachidonoyl glycine (NAGly)
- Abnormal cannabidiol (Abn-CBD)
- O-1602
- Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)
- Anandamide (N-arachidonoyl ethanolamine, AEA)
- Arachidonylcyclopropylamide (ACPA)
[edit] References
- ^ Gantz I, et al. (Sep 1997). "Cloning and chromosomal localization of a gene (GPR18) encoding a novel seven transmembrane receptor highly expressed in spleen and testis". Genomics 42 (3): 462–6. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4752. PMID 9205118.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: GPR18 G protein-coupled receptor 18". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2841.
- ^ Kohno M, et al. (September 2006). "Identification of N-arachidonylglycine as the endogenous ligand for orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR18". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 347 (3): 827–32. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.06.175. PMID 16844083.
- ^ Burstein S (December 2008). "The elmiric acids: biologically active anandamide analogs". Neuropharmacology 55 (8): 1259–64. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.11.011. PMC 2621443. PMID 18187165. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2621443/.
- ^ Bradshaw HB, Lee SH, McHugh D (September 2009). "ORPHAN ENDOGENOUS LIPIDS AND ORPHAN GPCRS: A GOOD MATCH". Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 89 (3–4): 131–4. doi:10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2009.04.006. PMC 2740803. PMID 19379823. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2740803/.
- ^ a b McHugh D, et al. (2010). "N-arachidonoyl glycine, an abundant endogenous lipid, potently drives directed cellular migration through GPR18, the putative abnormal cannabidiol receptor". BMC Neurosci 11: 44. doi:10.1186/1471-2202-11-44. PMC 2865488. PMID 20346144. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2865488/.
- ^ McHugh D, Page J, Dunn E, Bradshaw HB (May 2011). "Δ(9) -THC and N-arachidonyl glycine are full agonists at GPR18 and cause migration in the human endometrial cell line, HEC-1B". Br J Pharmacol 165 (8): no. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01497.x. PMID 21595653.
[edit] Further reading
- Christian SL, et al. (2002). "An evaluation of the assembly of an approximately 15-Mb region on human chromosome 13q32-q33 linked to bipolar disorder and schizophrenia". Genomics 79 (5): 635–56. doi:10.1006/geno.2002.6765. PMID 11991713.
- Strausberg RL, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC139241/.
- Dunham A, et al. (2004). "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 13". Nature 428 (6982): 522–8. doi:10.1038/nature02379. PMC 2665288. PMID 15057823. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2665288/.
- Gerhard DS, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC528928/.
- Kohno M, et al. (2006). "Identification of N-arachidonylglycine as the endogenous ligand for orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR18". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 347 (3): 827–32. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.06.175. PMID 16844083.
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