Dopamine receptor D₂

Dopamine receptor D2
	; Rendering based on PDB 1I15.
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1I15, 2HLB
Identifiers
Symbols	DRD2; D2DR; D2R
External IDs	OMIM: 126450 MGI: 94924 HomoloGene: 22561 IUPHAR: D2 ChEMBL: 217 GeneCards: DRD2 Gene
Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• dopamine receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go; • protein binding; • drug binding; • potassium channel regulator activity; • dopamine binding; • ionotropic glutamate receptor binding;
Cellular component	• acrosomal vesicle; • plasma membrane; • integral to plasma membrane; • postsynaptic density; • lateral plasma membrane; • flagellum; • endocytic vesicle; • axon; • dendrite; • synaptic vesicle membrane; • perikaryon; • axon terminus;
Biological process	• temperature homeostasis; • response to hypoxia; • synaptic transmission, dopaminergic; • response to amphetamine; • neurological system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure; • regulation of heart rate; • regulation of sodium ion transport; • G-protein coupled receptor internalization; • positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation; • positive regulation of receptor internalization; • negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity; • adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway; • intracellular protein kinase cascade; • neuron-neuron synaptic transmission; • axonogenesis; • synapse assembly; • sensory perception of smell; • long-term memory; • grooming behavior; • locomotory behavior; • adult walking behavior; • feeding behavior; • protein localization; • negative regulation of cell proliferation; • associative learning; • visual learning; • response to light stimulus; • response to toxin; • response to iron ion; • regulation of dopamine secretion; • Wnt receptor signaling pathway; • cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migration; • adenohypophysis development; • negative regulation of cell migration; • peristalsis; • regulation of cAMP metabolic process; • auditory behavior; • activation of protein kinase activity; • regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic; • circadian regulation of gene expression; • response to histamine; • response to nicotine; • positive regulation of urine volume; • positive regulation of renal sodium excretion; • positive regulation of multicellular organism growth; • response to cocaine; • negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep; • dopamine metabolic process; • response to drug; • regulation of potassium ion transport; • response to morphine; • pigmentation; • regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity; • positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway; • negative regulation of blood pressure; • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; • phosphatidylinositol metabolic process; • negative regulation of insulin secretion; • behavioral response to cocaine; • behavioral response to ethanol; • regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity; • response to axon injury; • branching morphogenesis of a nerve; • arachidonic acid secretion; • negative regulation of protein secretion; • release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol; • reduction of cytosolic calcium ion concentration; • elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration involved in phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled signaling pathway; • regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission; • positive regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission; • negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade; • negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic; • positive regulation of growth hormone secretion; • prepulse inhibition; • phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway; • negative regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway; • positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
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Dopamine receptor D₂, also known as D2R, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the DRD2 gene.

[edit] Function

This gene encodes the D₂ subtype of the dopamine receptor. This G protein-coupled receptor inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity.

Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. A third variant has been described, but it has not been determined whether this form is normal or due to aberrant splicing.^[1]

In mice, regulation of D2R surface expression by the calcium sensor NCS-1 in the dentate gyrus controls exploration, synaptic plasticity and memory formation.^[2]

[edit] Genetics

Allelic variants:

A-241G
C132T, G423A, T765C, C939T, C957T, and G1101A^[3]
Cys311Ser
-141C insertion/deletion^[4] The polymorphisms has been investigated with respect to association with schizophrenia.^[5]

Some researchers have previously associated the polymorphism Taq 1A (rs1800497) to the DRD2 gene. However, the polymorphism resides in exon 8 of the ANKK1 gene.^[6]

[edit] Ligands

Most of the older antipsychotic drugs such as chlorpromazine and haloperidol are antagonists for the dopamine D₂ receptor, but are, in general, very unselective, at best selective only for the "D₂-like family" receptors and so binding to D₂, D₃ and D₄, and often also to many other receptors such as those for serotonin and histamine, resulting in a range of side-effects and making them poor agents for scientific research. In similar manner, older dopamine agonists used for Parkinson's disease such as bromocriptine and cabergoline are poorly selective for one dopamine receptor over another, and, although most of these agents do act as D₂ agonists, they affect other subtypes as well. Several selective D₂ ligands are, however, now available, and this number is likely to increase as further research progresses.

[edit] Agonists

Aplindore - partial agonist
Aripiprazole (Abilify in USA) - partial agonist^[7]
Brexpiprazole/OPC-34712 - partial agonist
Cabergoline
GSK-789,472 - mixed D₂ partial agonist / D₃ antagonist, with good selectivity over other receptors ^[8]
Talipexole - selective for D₂ over other dopamine receptors, but also acts as α₂-adrenoceptor agonist and 5HT₃ antagonist.
OSU-6162 - D₂ partial agonist and 5-HT_2A partial agonist, acts as "dopamine stabilizer"
Piribedil - also D3 receptor agonist and α₂-adrenergic antagonist
LSD - in vitro, LSD was found to be a partial agonist and potentiates dopamine-mediated prolactin secretion in lactotrophs.^[9] LSD is also a 5HT_2A agonist.
Pramipexole - also D3, D4 receptor agonist
Quinpirole - also D3 receptor agonist
Quinelorane
Salvinorin A - partial agonist. Also k-opioid agonist.
Bromocriptine - full agonist
Ropinirole - full agonist

[edit] Antagonists

L-741,626 (3-[4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidin-l-yl]methyl-1H-indole) - highly selective D₂ antagonist
Melperone - D₂ antagonist but also 5HT_2A antagonist
Risperidone - D₂ antagonist but also 5HT_2A antagonist
Ziprasidone - D₂ antagonist but also 5HT_2A antagonist
Raclopride - Radiolabled C¹¹raclopride is commonly employed in Positron emission tomography studies^[10]
Clozapine
Haloperidol - inverse agonist; which explains the severe extrapyramidal symptoms shown in patients
Quetiapine^[11]
Domperidone - D₂ and D₃ antagonist
Eticlopride
Yohimbine

D₂Sh selective (presynaptic autoreceptors)

Amisulpride (low doses)
UH-232

[edit] Allosteric modulators

PAOPA^[12]
SB-269,652 - allosteric antagonist at dopamine D2 and D3 receptors^[13]

[edit] Protein-protein interactions

The dopamine receptor D₂ has been shown to interact with EPB41L1,^[14] PPP1R9B^[15] and NCS-1.^[16]

[edit] Receptor oligomers

The D₂ receptor forms heteromers with the following receptors: dopamine D₁ (→ D₁-D₂)^[17], 5-HT_2A^[18], adenosine A_2A^[19], CB₁, mGlu₅.

[edit] See also

Dopamine receptor

[edit] References

^ "Entrez Gene: DRD2 dopamine receptor D2". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1813.
^ Saab BJ, Georgiou J, Nath A, Lee FJ, Wang M, Michalon A, Liu F, Mansuy IM, Roder JC. (2009). "NCS-1 in the dentate gyrus promotes exploration, synaptic plasticity, and rapid acquisition of spatial memory.". Neuron 63 (5): 643–56. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.08.014. PMID 19755107.
^ Duan J, Wainwright MS, Comeron JM, Saitou N, Sanders AR, Gelernter J, Gejman PV (February 2003). "Synonymous mutations in the human dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) affect mRNA stability and synthesis of the receptor". Hum. Mol. Genet. 12 (3): 205–16. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddg055. PMID 12554675.
^ Arinami T, Gao M, Hamaguchi H, Toru M (April 1997). "A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the dopamine D2 receptor gene is associated with schizophrenia". Hum. Mol. Genet. 6 (4): 577–82. doi:10.1093/hmg/6.4.577. PMID 9097961.
^ Glatt SJ, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT (July 2004). "DRD2 -141C insertion/deletion polymorphism is not associated with schizophrenia: results of a meta-analysis". Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 128B (1): 21–3. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30007. PMID 15211624.
^ Lucht M, Rosskopf D (July 2008). "Comment on "Genetically determined differences in learning from errors"". Science 321 (5886): 200; author reply 200. doi:10.1126/science.1155372. PMID 18621654.
^ "Clinical Pharmacology for Abilify". RxList.com. 2010-01-21. http://www.rxlist.com/abilify-drug.htm. Retrieved 2010-01-21.
^ Holmes IP, Blunt RJ, Lorthioir OE, Blowers SM, Gribble A, Payne AH, Stansfield IG, Wood M, Woollard PM, Reavill C, Howes CM, Micheli F, Di Fabio R, Donati D, Terreni S, Hamprecht D, Arista L, Worby A, Watson SP (March 2010). "The identification of a selective dopamine D2 partial agonist, D3 antagonist displaying high levels of brain exposure". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 20 (6): 2013–6. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.090. PMID 20153647.
^ Giacomelli S, Palmery M, Romanelli L, Cheng CY, Silvestrini B (1998). "Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a partial agonist of D2 dopaminergic receptors and it potentiates dopamine-mediated prolactin secretion in lactotrophs in vitro". Life Sci. 63 (3): 215–22. doi:10.1016/S0024-3205(98)00262-8. PMID 9698051.
^ Wang GJ, Volkow ND, Thanos PK, Fowler JS (2004). "Similarity between obesity and drug addiction as assessed by neurofunctional imaging: a concept review". J Addict Dis 23 (3): 39–53. doi:10.1300/J069v23n03_04. PMID 15256343.
^ Philip Seeman, M.D., Ph.D.; Teresa Tallerico, Ph.D.. "Rapid Release of Antipsychotic Drugs From Dopamine D2 Receptors: An Explanation for Low Receptor Occupancy and Early Clinical Relapse Upon Withdrawal of Clozapine or Quetiapine". The American Journal of Psychiatry 156 (6). http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/156/6/876.
^ Beyaert MG, Daya RP, Dyck BA, Johnson RL, Mishra RK (2012). "PAOPA, a potent dopamine D2 receptor allosteric modulator, prevents and reverses behavioral and biochemical abnormalities in an amphetamine-sensitized preclinical animal model of schizophrenia". Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.04.010. PMID 22658400.
^ Silvano E, Millan MJ, Mannoury la Cour C, et al. (2010). "The tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative SB269,652 is an allosteric antagonist at dopamine D3 and D2 receptors". Mol. Pharmacol. 78 (5): 925–34. doi:10.1124/mol.110.065755. PMC 2981362. PMID 20702763. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2981362/.
^ Binda AV, Kabbani N, Lin R, Levenson R (September 2002). "D2 and D3 dopamine receptor cell surface localization mediated by interaction with protein 4.1N". Mol. Pharmacol. 62 (3): 507–13. doi:10.1124/mol.62.3.507. PMID 12181426.
^ Smith FD, Oxford GS, Milgram SL (July 1999). "Association of the D2 dopamine receptor third cytoplasmic loop with spinophilin, a protein phosphatase-1-interacting protein". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (28): 19894–900. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.28.19894. PMID 10391935.
^ Kabbani N, Negyessy L, Lin R, Goldman-Rakic, Levenson R. (2002). "Interaction with neuronal calcium sensor NCS-1 mediates desensitization of the D2 dopamine receptor.". J. Neurosci. 22 (19): 8476–86. PMID 12351722.
^ Hasbi A, O'Dowd BF, George SR (2011): "Dopamine D1-D2 receptor heteromer signaling pathway in the brain: emerging physiological relevance", Mol Brain, 26. PMID 21663703
^ Albizu L, Holloway T, González-Maeso J, Sealfon SC (2011). "Functional crosstalk and heteromerization of serotonin 5-HT2A and dopamine D2 receptors". Neuropharmacology 61 (4): 770–7. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.05.023. PMID 21645528.
^ Kamiya T, Saitoh O, Yoshioka K, Nakata H (June 2003). "Oligomerization of adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors in living cells". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 306 (2): 544–9. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00991-4. PMID 12804599.

[edit] Further reading

Missale C, Nash SR, Robinson SW, et al. (1998). "Dopamine receptors: from structure to function". Physiol. Rev. 78 (1): 189–225. PMID 9457173.
Sidhu A, Niznik HB (2000). "Coupling of dopamine receptor subtypes to multiple and diverse G proteins". Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 18 (7): 669–77. doi:10.1016/S0736-5748(00)00033-2. PMID 10978845.
Araki K, Kuwano R, Morii K, et al. (1993). "Structure and expression of human and rat D2 dopamine receptor genes". Neurochem. Int. 21 (1): 91–8. doi:10.1016/0197-0186(92)90071-X. PMID 1363862.
Eubanks JH, Djabali M, Selleri L, et al. (1993). "Structure and linkage of the D2 dopamine receptor and neural cell adhesion molecule genes on human chromosome 11q23". Genomics 14 (4): 1010–8. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(05)80124-7. PMID 1478642.
Dearry A, Falardeau P, Shores C, Caron MG (1992). "D2 dopamine receptors in the human retina: cloning of cDNA and localization of mRNA". Cell. Mol. Neurobiol. 11 (5): 437–53. doi:10.1007/BF00734808. PMID 1835903.
Sarkar G, Kapelner S, Grandy DK, et al. (1992). "Direct sequencing of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) in schizophrenics reveals three polymorphisms but no structural change in the receptor". Genomics 11 (1): 8–14. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90096-W. PMID 1837284.
Stormann TM, Gdula DC, Weiner DM, Brann MR (1990). "Molecular cloning and expression of a dopamine D2 receptor from human retina". Mol. Pharmacol. 37 (1): 1–6. PMID 2137193.
Robakis NK, Mohamadi M, Fu DY, et al. (1990). "Human retina D2 receptor cDNAs have multiple polyadenylation sites and differ from a pituitary clone at the 5' non-coding region". Nucleic Acids Res. 18 (5): 1299. doi:10.1093/nar/18.5.1299. PMC 330461. PMID 2138729. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC330461/.
Selbie LA, Hayes G, Shine J (1990). "DNA homology screening: isolation and characterization of the human D2A dopamine receptor subtype". Adv. Second Messenger Phosphoprotein Res. 24: 9–14. PMID 2144985.
Monsma FJ, McVittie LD, Gerfen CR, et al. (1990). "Multiple D2 dopamine receptors produced by alternative RNA splicing". Nature 342 (6252): 926–9. doi:10.1038/342926a0. PMID 2480527.
Dal Toso R, Sommer B, Ewert M, et al. (1990). "The dopamine D2 receptor: two molecular forms generated by alternative splicing". EMBO J. 8 (13): 4025–34. PMC 401577. PMID 2531656. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC401577/.
Grandy DK, Marchionni MA, Makam H, et al. (1990). "Cloning of the cDNA and gene for a human D2 dopamine receptor". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86 (24): 9762–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.24.9762. PMC 298581. PMID 2532362. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC298581/.
Selbie LA, Hayes G, Shine J (1990). "The major dopamine D2 receptor: molecular analysis of the human D2A subtype". DNA 8 (9): 683–9. PMID 2533064.
Leysen JE, Gommeren W, Mertens J, et al. (1995). "Comparison of in vitro binding properties of a series of dopamine antagonists and agonists for cloned human dopamine D2S and D2L receptors and for D2 receptors in rat striatal and mesolimbic tissues, using [125I] 2'-iodospiperone". Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 110 (1–2): 27–36. doi:10.1007/BF02246947. PMID 7870895.
Itokawa M, Arinami T, Futamura N, et al. (1994). "A structural polymorphism of human dopamine D2 receptor, D2(Ser311-->Cys)". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 196 (3): 1369–75. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.2404. PMID 7902708.
Malmberg A, Jackson DM, Eriksson A, Mohell N (1993). "Unique binding characteristics of antipsychotic agents interacting with human dopamine D2A, D2B, and D3 receptors". Mol. Pharmacol. 43 (5): 749–54. PMID 8099194.
Seeman P, Ohara K, Ulpian C, et al. (1993). "Schizophrenia: normal sequence in the dopamine D2 receptor region that couples to G-proteins. DNA polymorphisms in D2". Neuropsychopharmacology 8 (2): 137–42. PMID 8471125.
Cravchik A, Sibley DR, Gejman PV (1996). "Functional analysis of the human D2 dopamine receptor missense variants". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (42): 26013–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.42.26013. PMID 8824240.
Ho MK, Wong YH (1997). "Functional role of amino-terminal serine16 and serine27 of G alphaZ in receptor and effector coupling". J. Neurochem. 68 (6): 2514–22. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68062514.x. PMID 9166747.
Centonze D, Gubellini P, "et al." (2004). "Differential contribution of dopamine D2S and D2L receptors in the modulation of glutamate and GABA transmission in the striatum". Neuroscience 129 (1): 157–66. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.07.043. PMID 15489038.

[edit] External links

Receptors,+Dopamine+D2 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Pappas, Stephanie. "Study: Genes Influence Who Your Friends Are". Imaginova Corp.. LiveScience. http://www.livescience.com/health/genes-influence-friendships-110117.html. Retrieved 20 January 2011.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

[entrez-1] "Entrez Gene: DRD2 dopamine receptor D2". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1813.

[pmid19755107-2] Saab BJ, Georgiou J, Nath A, Lee FJ, Wang M, Michalon A, Liu F, Mansuy IM, Roder JC. (2009). "NCS-1 in the dentate gyrus promotes exploration, synaptic plasticity, and rapid acquisition of spatial memory.". Neuron 63 (5): 643–56. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.08.014. PMID 19755107.

[pmid12554675-3] Duan J, Wainwright MS, Comeron JM, Saitou N, Sanders AR, Gelernter J, Gejman PV (February 2003). "Synonymous mutations in the human dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) affect mRNA stability and synthesis of the receptor". Hum. Mol. Genet. 12 (3): 205–16. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddg055. PMID 12554675.

[pmid9097961-4] Arinami T, Gao M, Hamaguchi H, Toru M (April 1997). "A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the dopamine D2 receptor gene is associated with schizophrenia". Hum. Mol. Genet. 6 (4): 577–82. doi:10.1093/hmg/6.4.577. PMID 9097961.

[pmid15211624-5] Glatt SJ, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT (July 2004). "DRD2 -141C insertion/deletion polymorphism is not associated with schizophrenia: results of a meta-analysis". Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 128B (1): 21–3. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30007. PMID 15211624.

[pmid18621654-6] Lucht M, Rosskopf D (July 2008). "Comment on "Genetically determined differences in learning from errors"". Science 321 (5886): 200; author reply 200. doi:10.1126/science.1155372. PMID 18621654.

[Rxlist_-_Abilify-7] "Clinical Pharmacology for Abilify". RxList.com. 2010-01-21. http://www.rxlist.com/abilify-drug.htm. Retrieved 2010-01-21.

[pmid20153647-8] Holmes IP, Blunt RJ, Lorthioir OE, Blowers SM, Gribble A, Payne AH, Stansfield IG, Wood M, Woollard PM, Reavill C, Howes CM, Micheli F, Di Fabio R, Donati D, Terreni S, Hamprecht D, Arista L, Worby A, Watson SP (March 2010). "The identification of a selective dopamine D2 partial agonist, D3 antagonist displaying high levels of brain exposure". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 20 (6): 2013–6. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.090. PMID 20153647.

[pmid9698051-9] Giacomelli S, Palmery M, Romanelli L, Cheng CY, Silvestrini B (1998). "Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a partial agonist of D2 dopaminergic receptors and it potentiates dopamine-mediated prolactin secretion in lactotrophs in vitro". Life Sci. 63 (3): 215–22. doi:10.1016/S0024-3205(98)00262-8. PMID 9698051.

[pmid15256343-10] Wang GJ, Volkow ND, Thanos PK, Fowler JS (2004). "Similarity between obesity and drug addiction as assessed by neurofunctional imaging: a concept review". J Addict Dis 23 (3): 39–53. doi:10.1300/J069v23n03_04. PMID 15256343.

[11] Philip Seeman, M.D., Ph.D.; Teresa Tallerico, Ph.D.. "Rapid Release of Antipsychotic Drugs From Dopamine D2 Receptors: An Explanation for Low Receptor Occupancy and Early Clinical Relapse Upon Withdrawal of Clozapine or Quetiapine". The American Journal of Psychiatry 156 (6). http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/156/6/876.

[12] Beyaert MG, Daya RP, Dyck BA, Johnson RL, Mishra RK (2012). "PAOPA, a potent dopamine D2 receptor allosteric modulator, prevents and reverses behavioral and biochemical abnormalities in an amphetamine-sensitized preclinical animal model of schizophrenia". Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.04.010. PMID 22658400.

[13] Silvano E, Millan MJ, Mannoury la Cour C, et al. (2010). "The tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative SB269,652 is an allosteric antagonist at dopamine D3 and D2 receptors". Mol. Pharmacol. 78 (5): 925–34. doi:10.1124/mol.110.065755. PMC 2981362. PMID 20702763. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2981362/.

[pmid12181426-14] Binda AV, Kabbani N, Lin R, Levenson R (September 2002). "D2 and D3 dopamine receptor cell surface localization mediated by interaction with protein 4.1N". Mol. Pharmacol. 62 (3): 507–13. doi:10.1124/mol.62.3.507. PMID 12181426.

[pmid10391935-15] Smith FD, Oxford GS, Milgram SL (July 1999). "Association of the D2 dopamine receptor third cytoplasmic loop with spinophilin, a protein phosphatase-1-interacting protein". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (28): 19894–900. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.28.19894. PMID 10391935.

[pmid12351722-16] Kabbani N, Negyessy L, Lin R, Goldman-Rakic, Levenson R. (2002). "Interaction with neuronal calcium sensor NCS-1 mediates desensitization of the D2 dopamine receptor.". J. Neurosci. 22 (19): 8476–86. PMID 12351722.

[17] Hasbi A, O'Dowd BF, George SR (2011): "Dopamine D1-D2 receptor heteromer signaling pathway in the brain: emerging physiological relevance", Mol Brain, 26. PMID 21663703

[18] Albizu L, Holloway T, González-Maeso J, Sealfon SC (2011). "Functional crosstalk and heteromerization of serotonin 5-HT2A and dopamine D2 receptors". Neuropharmacology 61 (4): 770–7. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.05.023. PMID 21645528.

[pmid12804599-19] Kamiya T, Saitoh O, Yoshioka K, Nakata H (June 2003). "Oligomerization of adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors in living cells". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 306 (2): 544–9. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00991-4. PMID 12804599.

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Dopamine receptor D₂

Contents

[edit] Function

[edit] Genetics

[edit] Ligands

[edit] Agonists

[edit] Antagonists

[edit] Allosteric modulators

[edit] Protein-protein interactions

[edit] Receptor oligomers

[edit] See also

[edit] References

[edit] Further reading

[edit] External links

Personal tools

Namespaces

Variants

Views

Actions

Search

Navigation

Interaction

Toolbox

Print/export

Languages

Oct	NOV	Dec
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2011	2012	2013

Dopamine receptor D2

Contents

[edit] Function

[edit] Genetics

[edit] Ligands

[edit] Agonists

[edit] Antagonists

[edit] Allosteric modulators

[edit] Protein-protein interactions

[edit] Receptor oligomers

[edit] See also

[edit] References

[edit] Further reading

[edit] External links

Personal tools

Namespaces

Variants

Views

Actions

Search

Navigation

Interaction

Toolbox

Print/export

Languages

Dopamine receptor D₂