Dopamine receptor D₃

Dopamine receptor D3
	; Dopamine D3 receptor with Eticlopride(PDB 3PBL)
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	3PBL
Identifiers
Symbols	DRD3; D3DR; ETM1; FET1
External IDs	OMIM: 126451 MGI: 94925 HomoloGene: 623 IUPHAR: D3 ChEMBL: 234 GeneCards: DRD3 Gene
Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• dopamine receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go; • dopamine receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go; • protein binding; • drug binding; • drug binding; • protein domain specific binding; • dopamine binding;
Cellular component	• membrane fraction; • plasma membrane; • plasma membrane; • integral to plasma membrane; • integral to plasma membrane; • endocytic vesicle; • cell projection; • apical part of cell;
Biological process	• negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; • synaptic transmission, dopaminergic; • regulation of blood volume by renin-angiotensin; • G-protein coupled receptor internalization; • cellular calcium ion homeostasis; • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway; • adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway; • negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity; • adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway; • learning or memory; • learning; • locomotory behavior; • positive regulation of cell proliferation; • visual learning; • regulation of dopamine secretion; • regulation of lipid metabolic process; • regulation of cAMP metabolic process; • negative regulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity; • circadian regulation of gene expression; • response to histamine; • social behavior; • regulation of locomotion; • regulation of multicellular organism growth; • response to cocaine; • dopamine metabolic process; • response to drug; • response to morphine; • regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep; • response to ethanol; • negative regulation of blood pressure; • positive regulation of mitosis; • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; • acid secretion; • behavioral response to cocaine; • behavioral response to cocaine; • negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation; • arachidonic acid secretion; • negative regulation of protein secretion; • musculoskeletal movement, spinal reflex action; • regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission; • negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade; • prepulse inhibition; • positive regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
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D(3) dopamine receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DRD3 gene.^[1]^[2]

This gene encodes the D₃ subtype of the dopamine receptor. The D₃ subtype inhibits adenylyl cyclase through inhibitory G-proteins. This receptor is expressed in phylogenetically older regions of the brain, suggesting that this receptor plays a role in cognitive and emotional functions. It is a target for drugs which treat schizophrenia, drug addiction, and Parkinson's disease ^[3] . Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants that would encode different isoforms, although some variants may be subject to nonsense-mediated decay (NMD).^[2]

D₃ agonists like 7-OH-DPAT, pramipexole, and rotigotine, among others, display antidepressant effects in rodent models of depression.^[4]^[5]

[edit] Ligands

Numerous non-selective prescription drugs bind to the D₃ receptor, notably including some of the newer dopamine agonists used for Parkinson's disease such as pramipexole and ropinirole, but these also bind to D₂ and lack the strong receptor type and subtype selectivity that some of the following research compounds afford:

[edit] Agonists

8-OH-PBZI (cis-8-Hydroxy-3-(n-propyl)-1,2,3a,4,5,9b-hexahydro-1H-benz[e]indole)
CJ-1639^[6]
PF-219,061 ((R)-3-(4-Propylmorpholin-2-yl)phenol): >1000-fold functional (efficiacy) selectivity over D₂^[7]
PF-592,379^[8]
compound R,R-16: 250x binding selectivity over D₂^[9]
trans-N-{4-[4-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]cyclohexyl}-3-methoxybenzamide, full agonist, > 200-fold binding selectivity over D₄, D₂, 5-HT_1A, and α1-receptors^[10]
(-)-7-{[2-(4-Phenylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl]propylamino}-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol^[11]
BP-897: partial agonist ^[12]
FAUC 73
FAUC 460: partial agonist, outstanding affinity and selectivity^[13]
FAUC 346: partial agonist, subtype selective^[14]
PD-128,907
compound 12: partial agonist, K_i = 0.41nM, 800x binding selectivity over D₂^[15]
piribedil^[16]

[edit] Antagonists

N-(4-(4-(2,3-Dichloro- or 2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)heterobiarylcarboxamides^[17]
FAUC 365, silent antagonist, subtype selective^[14]
compound 29 ^[18]
Nafadotride
NGB-2904^[19]
SB-277011-A, selective D₃ antagonist, 80x selectivity over D₂ with no partial agonist effects, used in drug addiction research as a potential therapy for addiction to several different drugs
Domperidone - D₂ and D₃ antagonist

Chemical structures of selective D₃ receptor ligands.

[edit] Interactions

Dopamine receptor D3 has been shown to interact with CLIC6^[20] and EPB41L1.^[21]

[edit] See also

Dopamine receptor

[edit] References

^ Le Coniat M, Sokoloff P, Hillion J, Martres MP, Giros B, Pilon C, Schwartz JC, Berger R (Oct 1991). "Chromosomal localization of the human D3 dopamine receptor gene". Hum Genet 87 (5): 618–20. PMID 1916765.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: DRD3 dopamine receptor D3". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1814.
^ Joyce, JN; Millan, MJ (2007 Feb). "Dopamine D3 receptor agonists for protection and repair in Parkinson's disease.". Current Opinion in Pharmacology 7 (1): 100–5. DOI:10.1016/j.coph.2006.11.004. PMID 17174156.
^ Breuer ME, Groenink L, Oosting RS, et al. (August 2009). "Antidepressant effects of pramipexole, a dopamine D3/D2 receptor agonist, and 7-OH-DPAT, a dopamine D3 receptor agonist, in olfactory bulbectomized rats". European Journal of Pharmacology 616 (1-3): 134–40. DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.06.029. PMID 19549514. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0014-2999(09)00552-4.
^ Bertaina-Anglade V, La Rochelle CD, Scheller DK (October 2006). "Antidepressant properties of rotigotine in experimental models of depression". European Journal of Pharmacology 548 (1-3): 106–14. DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.07.022. PMID 16959244. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0014-2999(06)00757-6.
^ Chen J, Collins GT, Levant B, Woods J, Deschamps JR, Wang S (August 2011). "CJ-1639: A Potent and Highly Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor Full Agonist". ACS Med Chem Lett 2 (8): 620–625. DOI:10.1021/ml200100t. PMID 22125662.
^ Blagg J, Allerton CM, Batchelor DV, Baxter AD, Burring DJ, Carr CL, Cook AS, Nichols CL, Phipps J, Sanderson VG, Verrier H, Wong S (2007). "Design and synthesis of a functionally selective D3 agonist and its in vivo delivery via the intranasal route". Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 17 (24): 6691–6. DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.10.059. PMID 17976986.
^ Collins, G. T.; Butler, P.; Wayman, C.; Ratcliffe, S.; Gupta, P.; Oberhofer, G.; Caine, S. B. (2012). "Lack of abuse potential in a highly selective dopamine D3 agonist, PF-592,379, in drug self-administration and drug discrimination in rats". Behavioural Pharmacology 23 (3): 280–291. DOI:10.1097/FBP.0b013e3283536d21. PMC 3365486. PMID 22470105. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3365486. edit
^ Peglion JL, Poitevin C, La Cour CM, Dupuis D, Millan MJ (2009). "Modulations of the amide function of the preferential dopamine D3 agonist (R,R)-S32504: Improvements of affinity and selectivity for D3 versus D2 receptors". Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 19 (8): 2133–8. DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.015. PMID 19324548.
^ Leopoldo M, Lacivita E, Colabufo NA, Berardi F, Perrone R (2006). "Synthesis and binding profile of constrained analogues of N-[4-(4-arylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl]-3-methoxybenzamides, a class of potent dopamine D3 receptor ligands". J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 58 (2): 209–18. DOI:10.1211/jpp.58.2.0008. PMID 16451749.
^ Biswas S, Zhang S, Fernandez F, Ghosh B, Zhen J, Kuzhikandathil E, Reith ME, Dutta AK (2008). "Further structure-activity relationships study of hybrid 7-{[2-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl]propylamino}-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol analogues: identification of a high-affinity D₃-preferring agonist with potent in vivo activity with long duration of action". J. Med. Chem. 51 (1): 101–17. DOI:10.1021/jm070860r. PMID 18072730.
^ Spiller K, Xi ZX, Peng XQ, Newman AH, Ashby CR, Heidbreder C, Gaál J, Gardner EL (March 2008). "The selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonists SB-277011A and NGB 2904 and the putative partial D3 receptor agonist BP-897 attenuate methamphetamine-enhanced brain stimulation reward in rats". Psychopharmacology 196 (4): 533–42. DOI:10.1007/s00213-007-0986-6. PMID 17985117.
^ Dörfler M, Tschammer N, Hamperl K, Hübner H, Gmeiner P (2008). "Novel D3 selective dopaminergics incorporating enyne units as nonaromatic catechol bioisosteres: synthesis, bioactivity, and mutagenesis studies". J. Med. Chem. 51 (21): 6829–38. DOI:10.1021/jm800895v. PMID 18834111.
^ ^a ^b Bettinetti L, Schlotter K, Hübner H, Gmeiner P (2002). "Interactive SAR studies: rational discovery of super-potent and highly selective dopamine D₃ receptor antagonists and partial agonists". J. Med. Chem. 45 (21): 4594–7. DOI:10.1021/jm025558r. PMID 12361386.
^ Chen J, Collins GT, Zhang J, et al (2008). "Design, synthesis, and evaluation of potent and selective ligands for the dopamine 3 (D3) receptor with a novel in vivo behavioral profile". J. Med. Chem. 51 (19): 5905–8. DOI:10.1021/jm800471h. PMC 2662387. PMID 18785726. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2662387.
^ Cagnotto A, Parotti L, Mennini T (October 1996). "In vitro affinity of piribedil for dopamine D3 receptor subtypes, an autoradiographic study". Eur. J. Pharmacol. 313 (1-2): 63–7. DOI:10.1016/0014-2999(96)00503-1. PMID 8905329.
^ Newman AH, Grundt P, Cyriac G, et al (2009). "N-(4-(4-(2,3-Dichloro- or 2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)heterobiarylcarboxamides with Functionalized Linking Chains as High Affinity and Enantioselective D3 Receptor Antagonists ( parallel) ( perpendicular)". J. Med. Chem. 52 (8): 2559–70. DOI:10.1021/jm900095y. PMC 2760932. PMID 19331412. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2760932.
^ Grundt P, Carlson EE, Cao J, et al (2005). "Novel heterocyclic trans olefin analogues of N-{4-[4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]butyl}arylcarboxamides as selective probes with high affinity for the dopamine D3 receptor". J. Med. Chem. 48 (3): 839–48. DOI:10.1021/jm049465g. PMID 15689168.
^ Xi ZX, Gardner EL (2007). "Pharmacological actions of NGB 2904, a selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist, in animal models of drug addiction". CNS Drug Reviews 13 (2): 240–59. DOI:10.1111/j.1527-3458.2007.00013.x. PMID 17627675.
^ Griffon, Nathalie; Jeanneteau Freddy, Prieur Fanny, Diaz Jorge, Sokoloff Pierre (Sep. 2003). "CLIC6, a member of the intracellular chloride channel family, interacts with dopamine D(2)-like receptors". Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. (Netherlands) 117 (1): 47–57. DOI:10.1016/S0169-328X(03)00283-3. ISSN 0169-328X. PMID 14499480.
^ Binda, Alicia V; Kabbani Nadine, Lin Ridwan, Levenson Robert (Sep. 2002). "D2 and D3 dopamine receptor cell surface localization mediated by interaction with protein 4.1N". Mol. Pharmacol. (United States) 62 (3): 507–13. DOI:10.1124/mol.62.3.507. ISSN 0026-895X. PMID 12181426.

[edit] Further reading

Missale C, Nash SR, Robinson SW, et al. (1998). "Dopamine receptors: from structure to function.". Physiol. Rev. 78 (1): 189–225. PMID 9457173.
Sidhu A, Niznik HB (2000). "Coupling of dopamine receptor subtypes to multiple and diverse G proteins.". Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 18 (7): 669–77. DOI:10.1016/S0736-5748(00)00033-2. PMID 10978845.
Sokoloff P, Giros B, Martres MP, et al. (1990). "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics.". Nature 347 (6289): 146–51. DOI:10.1038/347146a0. PMID 1975644.
Giros B, Martres MP, Sokoloff P, Schwartz JC (1991). "[Gene cloning of human dopaminergic D3 receptor and identification of its chromosome]". C. R. Acad. Sci. III, Sci. Vie 311 (13): 501–8. PMID 2129115.
Liu K, Bergson C, Levenson R, Schmauss C (1994). "On the origin of mRNA encoding the truncated dopamine D3-type receptor D3nf and detection of D3nf-like immunoreactivity in human brain.". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (46): 29220–6. PMID 7961889.
Schmauss C, Haroutunian V, Davis KL, Davidson M (1993). "Selective loss of dopamine D3-type receptor mRNA expression in parietal and motor cortices of patients with chronic schizophrenia.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 (19): 8942–6. DOI:10.1073/pnas.90.19.8942. PMC 47477. PMID 8415635. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=47477.
Griffon N, Crocq MA, Pilon C, et al. (1996). "Dopamine D3 receptor gene: organization, transcript variants, and polymorphism associated with schizophrenia.". Am. J. Med. Genet. 67 (1): 63–70. DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960216)67:1<63::AID-AJMG11>3.0.CO;2-N. PMID 8678117.
Staley JK, Mash DC (1996). "Adaptive increase in D3 dopamine receptors in the brain reward circuits of human cocaine fatalities.". J. Neurosci. 16 (19): 6100–6. PMID 8815892.
Chen CH, Liu MY, Wei FC, et al. (1997). "Further evidence of no association between Ser9Gly polymorphism of dopamine D3 receptor gene and schizophrenia.". Am. J. Med. Genet. 74 (1): 40–3. DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19970221)74:1<40::AID-AJMG9>3.0.CO;2-Z. PMID 9034004.
Gulcher JR, Jónsson P, Kong A, et al. (1997). "Mapping of a familial essential tremor gene, FET1, to chromosome 3q13.". Nat. Genet. 17 (1): 84–7. DOI:10.1038/ng0997-84. PMID 9288103.
Oldenhof J, Vickery R, Anafi M, et al. (1998). "SH3 binding domains in the dopamine D4 receptor.". Biochemistry 37 (45): 15726–36. DOI:10.1021/bi981634. PMID 9843378.
Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, et al. (1999). "Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes.". Nat. Genet. 22 (3): 231–8. DOI:10.1038/10290. PMID 10391209.
Pilla M, Perachon S, Sautel F, et al. (1999). "Selective inhibition of cocaine-seeking behaviour by a partial dopamine D3 receptor agonist.". Nature 400 (6742): 371–5. DOI:10.1038/22560. PMID 10432116.
Ilani T, Ben-Shachar D, Strous RD, et al. (2001). "A peripheral marker for schizophrenia: Increased levels of D3 dopamine receptor mRNA in blood lymphocytes.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (2): 625–8. DOI:10.1073/pnas.021535398. PMC 14638. PMID 11149951. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=14638.
Lin R, Karpa K, Kabbani N, et al. (2001). "Dopamine D2 and D3 receptors are linked to the actin cytoskeleton via interaction with filamin A.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (9): 5258–63. DOI:10.1073/pnas.011538198. PMC 33197. PMID 11320256. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=33197.
Oldenhof J, Ray A, Vickery R, Van Tol HH (2001). "SH3 ligands in the dopamine D3 receptor.". Cell. Signal. 13 (6): 411–6. DOI:10.1016/S0898-6568(01)00157-7. PMID 11384839.
Soma M, Nakayama K, Rahmutula D, et al. (2002). "Ser9Gly polymorphism in the dopamine D3 receptor gene is not associated with essential hypertension in the Japanese.". Med. Sci. Monit. 8 (1): CR1–4. PMID 11796958.

[edit] External links

"Dopamine Receptors: D₃". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. http://www.iuphar-db.org/GPCR/ReceptorDisplayForward?receptorID=2256.
Receptors,+Dopamine+D3 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

[pmid1916765-0] Le Coniat M, Sokoloff P, Hillion J, Martres MP, Giros B, Pilon C, Schwartz JC, Berger R (Oct 1991). "Chromosomal localization of the human D3 dopamine receptor gene". Hum Genet 87 (5): 618–20. PMID 1916765.

[entrez-1] "Entrez Gene: DRD3 dopamine receptor D3". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1814.

[2] Joyce, JN; Millan, MJ (2007 Feb). "Dopamine D3 receptor agonists for protection and repair in Parkinson's disease.". Current Opinion in Pharmacology 7 (1): 100–5. DOI:10.1016/j.coph.2006.11.004. PMID 17174156.

[pmid19549514-3] Breuer ME, Groenink L, Oosting RS, et al. (August 2009). "Antidepressant effects of pramipexole, a dopamine D3/D2 receptor agonist, and 7-OH-DPAT, a dopamine D3 receptor agonist, in olfactory bulbectomized rats". European Journal of Pharmacology 616 (1-3): 134–40. DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.06.029. PMID 19549514. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0014-2999(09)00552-4.

[pmid16959244-4] Bertaina-Anglade V, La Rochelle CD, Scheller DK (October 2006). "Antidepressant properties of rotigotine in experimental models of depression". European Journal of Pharmacology 548 (1-3): 106–14. DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.07.022. PMID 16959244. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0014-2999(06)00757-6.

[5] Chen J, Collins GT, Levant B, Woods J, Deschamps JR, Wang S (August 2011). "CJ-1639: A Potent and Highly Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor Full Agonist". ACS Med Chem Lett 2 (8): 620–625. DOI:10.1021/ml200100t. PMID 22125662.

[pmid17976986-6] Blagg J, Allerton CM, Batchelor DV, Baxter AD, Burring DJ, Carr CL, Cook AS, Nichols CL, Phipps J, Sanderson VG, Verrier H, Wong S (2007). "Design and synthesis of a functionally selective D3 agonist and its in vivo delivery via the intranasal route". Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 17 (24): 6691–6. DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.10.059. PMID 17976986.

[7] Collins, G. T.; Butler, P.; Wayman, C.; Ratcliffe, S.; Gupta, P.; Oberhofer, G.; Caine, S. B. (2012). "Lack of abuse potential in a highly selective dopamine D3 agonist, PF-592,379, in drug self-administration and drug discrimination in rats". Behavioural Pharmacology 23 (3): 280–291. DOI:10.1097/FBP.0b013e3283536d21. PMC 3365486. PMID 22470105. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3365486. edit

[pmid19324548-8] Peglion JL, Poitevin C, La Cour CM, Dupuis D, Millan MJ (2009). "Modulations of the amide function of the preferential dopamine D3 agonist (R,R)-S32504: Improvements of affinity and selectivity for D3 versus D2 receptors". Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 19 (8): 2133–8. DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.015. PMID 19324548.

[pmid16451749-9] Leopoldo M, Lacivita E, Colabufo NA, Berardi F, Perrone R (2006). "Synthesis and binding profile of constrained analogues of N-[4-(4-arylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl]-3-methoxybenzamides, a class of potent dopamine D3 receptor ligands". J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 58 (2): 209–18. DOI:10.1211/jpp.58.2.0008. PMID 16451749.

[pmid18072730-10] Biswas S, Zhang S, Fernandez F, Ghosh B, Zhen J, Kuzhikandathil E, Reith ME, Dutta AK (2008). "Further structure-activity relationships study of hybrid 7-{[2-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl]propylamino}-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol analogues: identification of a high-affinity D₃-preferring agonist with potent in vivo activity with long duration of action". J. Med. Chem. 51 (1): 101–17. DOI:10.1021/jm070860r. PMID 18072730.

[pmid17985117-11] Spiller K, Xi ZX, Peng XQ, Newman AH, Ashby CR, Heidbreder C, Gaál J, Gardner EL (March 2008). "The selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonists SB-277011A and NGB 2904 and the putative partial D3 receptor agonist BP-897 attenuate methamphetamine-enhanced brain stimulation reward in rats". Psychopharmacology 196 (4): 533–42. DOI:10.1007/s00213-007-0986-6. PMID 17985117.

[pmid18834111-12] Dörfler M, Tschammer N, Hamperl K, Hübner H, Gmeiner P (2008). "Novel D3 selective dopaminergics incorporating enyne units as nonaromatic catechol bioisosteres: synthesis, bioactivity, and mutagenesis studies". J. Med. Chem. 51 (21): 6829–38. DOI:10.1021/jm800895v. PMID 18834111.

[pmid12361386-13] Bettinetti L, Schlotter K, Hübner H, Gmeiner P (2002). "Interactive SAR studies: rational discovery of super-potent and highly selective dopamine D₃ receptor antagonists and partial agonists". J. Med. Chem. 45 (21): 4594–7. DOI:10.1021/jm025558r. PMID 12361386.

[pmid18785726-14] Chen J, Collins GT, Zhang J, et al (2008). "Design, synthesis, and evaluation of potent and selective ligands for the dopamine 3 (D3) receptor with a novel in vivo behavioral profile". J. Med. Chem. 51 (19): 5905–8. DOI:10.1021/jm800471h. PMC 2662387. PMID 18785726. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2662387.

[pmid8905329-15] Cagnotto A, Parotti L, Mennini T (October 1996). "In vitro affinity of piribedil for dopamine D3 receptor subtypes, an autoradiographic study". Eur. J. Pharmacol. 313 (1-2): 63–7. DOI:10.1016/0014-2999(96)00503-1. PMID 8905329.

[pmid19331412-16] Newman AH, Grundt P, Cyriac G, et al (2009). "N-(4-(4-(2,3-Dichloro- or 2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)heterobiarylcarboxamides with Functionalized Linking Chains as High Affinity and Enantioselective D3 Receptor Antagonists ( parallel) ( perpendicular)". J. Med. Chem. 52 (8): 2559–70. DOI:10.1021/jm900095y. PMC 2760932. PMID 19331412. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2760932.

[pmid15689168-17] Grundt P, Carlson EE, Cao J, et al (2005). "Novel heterocyclic trans olefin analogues of N-{4-[4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]butyl}arylcarboxamides as selective probes with high affinity for the dopamine D3 receptor". J. Med. Chem. 48 (3): 839–48. DOI:10.1021/jm049465g. PMID 15689168.

[pmid17627675-18] Xi ZX, Gardner EL (2007). "Pharmacological actions of NGB 2904, a selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist, in animal models of drug addiction". CNS Drug Reviews 13 (2): 240–59. DOI:10.1111/j.1527-3458.2007.00013.x. PMID 17627675.

[pmid14499480-19] Griffon, Nathalie; Jeanneteau Freddy, Prieur Fanny, Diaz Jorge, Sokoloff Pierre (Sep. 2003). "CLIC6, a member of the intracellular chloride channel family, interacts with dopamine D(2)-like receptors". Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. (Netherlands) 117 (1): 47–57. DOI:10.1016/S0169-328X(03)00283-3. ISSN 0169-328X. PMID 14499480.

[pmid12181426-20] Binda, Alicia V; Kabbani Nadine, Lin Ridwan, Levenson Robert (Sep. 2002). "D2 and D3 dopamine receptor cell surface localization mediated by interaction with protein 4.1N". Mol. Pharmacol. (United States) 62 (3): 507–13. DOI:10.1124/mol.62.3.507. ISSN 0026-895X. PMID 12181426.

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Dopamine receptor D₃

Contents

[edit] Ligands

[edit] Agonists

[edit] Antagonists

[edit] Interactions

[edit] See also

[edit] References

[edit] Further reading

[edit] External links

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