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Stigmine

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Pyridostigmine, a stigmine derivative.

Stigmine refers to a class of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

Examples include:

[edit] References

Psychoanaleptics: Antidementia agents (N06D)

Anticholinesterases

Others

dsrd (o, p, m, p, a, d, s), sysi/epon, spvo

proc(eval/thrp), drug(N5A/5B/5C/6A/6B/6D)

Ophthalmologicals: antiglaucoma preparations and miotics (S01E)

Sympathomimetics

Parasympathomimetics

muscarinic	Aceclidine Pilocarpine

muscarinic/nicotinic	Acetylcholine Carbachol

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors	Demecarium Ecothiopate Stigmine (Fluostigmine Neostigmine Physostigmine) Paraoxon

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors/
(sulfonamides)

Beta blocking agents

Prostaglandin analogues (F_2α)

Other agents

anat(g/a/p)/phys/devp/prot

noco/cong/tumr, epon

proc, drug(S1A/1E/1F/1L)

v t e Nootropics (N06B)

Acetylcholinesterases	Donepezil Galantamine Huperzine A (Huperzia Serrata) Ladostigil Rivastigmine Tacrine

Ampakines	CX-516 CX-546 CX-614 CX-691 CX-717 IDRA-21 LY-404,187 LY-503,430 PEPA Sunifiram Unifiram

D₁ Agonists	6-Br-APB A-77636 Dihydrexidine Dinapsoline Doxanthrine SKF-81297

Eugeroics	Adrafinil Armodafinil Modafinil

GABA_A α₅ Inverse Agonists	α5IA L-655,708 PWZ-029 Suritozole TB-21007 ZK-93426

H₃ Antagonists	A-349,821 ABT-239 Ciproxifan GSK-189,254

mACh Agonists	Alvameline Arecoline Cevimeline CI-1017 Milameline Sabcomeline Talsaclidine Tazomeline Xanomeline

nACh Agonists	AR-R17779 Ispronicline Nicotine PNU-282,987 SSR-180,711 WAY-317,538

Racetams	Aniracetam Brivaracetam Coluracetam Etiracetam Fasoracetam Levetiracetam Nebracetam Nefiracetam Oxiracetam Phenylpiracetam Piracetam Pramiracetam Rolziracetam Seletracetam

Others	Acetylcarnitine Adafenoxate Bifemelane Bilobalide (Ginkgo Biloba) Carbenoxolone Cerlapirdine Choline (Lecithin) Citicoline Cyprodenate Dimethylethanolamine Ensaculin Fipexide Idebenone Indeloxazine Latrepirdine Leteprinim Linopirdine Meclofenoxate Nizofenone Pirisudanol Pyritinol S-17092 Sulbutiamine Taltirelin Teniloxazine Tricyanoaminopropene Vinpocetine

Receptor ligands

mAChR	Agonists: 77-LH-28-1 AC-42 AC-260,584 Aceclidine Acetylcholine AF30 AF150(S) AF267B AFDX-384 Alvameline AQRA-741 Arecoline Bethanechol Butyrylcholine Carbachol CDD-0034 CDD-0078 CDD-0097 CDD-0098 CDD-0102 Cevimeline cis-Dioxolane Ethoxysebacylcholine LY-593,039 L-689,660 LY-2,033,298 McNA343 Methacholine Milameline Muscarine NGX-267 Ocvimeline Oxotremorine PD-151,832 Pilocarpine RS86 Sabcomeline SDZ 210-086 Sebacylcholine Suberylcholine Talsaclidine Tazomeline Thiopilocarpine Vedaclidine VU-0029767 VU-0090157 VU-0152099 VU-0152100 VU-0238429 WAY-132,983 Xanomeline YM-796 Antagonists: 3-Quinuclidinyl Benzilate 4-DAMP Aclidinium Bromide Anisodamine Anisodine Atropine Atropine Methonitrate Benactyzine Benzatropine (Benztropine) Benzydamine BIBN 99 Biperiden Bornaprine CAR-226,086 CAR-301,060 CAR-302,196 CAR-302,282 CAR-302,368 CAR-302,537 CAR-302,668 CS-27349 Cyclobenzaprine Cyclopentolate Darifenacin DAU-5884 Dimethindene Dexetimide DIBD Dicyclomine (Dicycloverine) Ditran EA-3167 EA-3443 EA-3580 EA-3834 Etanautine Etybenzatropine (Ethylbenztropine) Flavoxate Himbacine HL-031,120 Ipratropium bromide J-104,129 Hyoscyamine Mamba Toxin 3 Mamba Toxin 7 Mazaticol Mebeverine Methoctramine Metixene N-Ethyl-3-Piperidyl Benzilate N-Methyl-3-Piperidyl Benzilate Orphenadrine Otenzepad Oxybutynin PBID PD-102,807 PD-0298029 Phenglutarimide Phenyltoloxamine Pirenzepine Piroheptine Procyclidine Profenamine RU-47,213 SCH-57,790 SCH-72,788 SCH-217,443 Scopolamine (Hyoscine) Solifenacin Telenzepine Tiotropium bromide Tolterodine Trihexyphenidyl Tripitamine Tropatepine Tropicamide WIN-2299 Xanomeline Zamifenacin; Others: 1st Generation Antihistamines (Brompheniramine chlorphenamine cyproheptadine dimenhydrinate diphenhydramine doxylamine mepyramine/pyrilamine phenindamine pheniramine tripelennamine triprolidine, etc) Tricyclic Antidepressants (Amitriptyline doxepin trimipramine, etc) Tetracyclic Antidepressants (Amoxapine maprotiline, etc) Typical Antipsychotics (Chlorpromazine thioridazine, etc) Atypical Antipsychotics (Clozapine olanzapine quetiapine, etc)

nAChR	Agonists: 5-HIAA A-84,543 A-366,833 A-582,941 A-867,744 ABT-202 ABT-418 ABT-560 ABT-894 Acetylcholine Altinicline Anabasine Anatoxin-a AR-R17779 Butyrylcholine Carbachol Cotinine Cytisine Decamethonium Desformylflustrabromine Dianicline Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Epibatidine Epiboxidine Ethanol Ethoxysebacylcholine EVP-4473 EVP-6124 Galantamine GTS-21 Ispronicline Lobeline MEM-63,908 (RG-3487) Nicotine NS-1738 PHA-543,613 PHA-709,829 PNU-120,596 PNU-282,987 Pozanicline Rivanicline Sazetidine A Sebacylcholine SIB-1508Y SIB-1553A SSR-180,711 Suberylcholine TC-1698 TC-1734 TC-1827 TC-2216 TC-5214 TC-5619 TC-6683 Tebanicline Tropisetron UB-165 Varenicline WAY-317,538 XY-4083 Antagonists: 18-Methoxycoronaridine α-Bungarotoxin α-Conotoxin Alcuronium Amantadine Anatruxonium Atracurium Bupropion (Amfebutamone) Chandonium Chlorisondamine Cisatracurium Coclaurine Coronaridine Dacuronium Decamethonium Dextromethorphan Dextropropoxyphene Dextrorphan Diadonium DHβE Dimethyltubocurarine (Metocurine) Dipyrandium Dizocilpine (MK-801) Doxacurium Duador Esketamine Fazadinium Gallamine Hexafluronium Hexamethonium (Benzohexonium) Ibogaine Isoflurane Ketamine Kynurenic acid Laudexium (Laudolissin) Levacetylmethadol Malouetine Mecamylamine Memantine Methadone Methorphan (Racemethorphan) Methyllycaconitine Metocurine Mivacurium Morphanol (Racemorphanol) Neramexane Nitrous Oxide Pancuronium Pempidine Pentamine Pentolinium Phencyclidine Pipecuronium Radafaxine Rapacuronium Rocuronium Surugatoxin Suxamethonium (Succinylcholine) Thiocolchicoside Toxiferine Trimethaphan Tropeinium Tubocurarine Vecuronium Xenon

Reuptake inhibitors

CHT Inhibitors	Hemicholinium-3 (Hemicholine; HC3) Triethylcholine

VAChT Inhibitors	Vesamicol

Enzyme inhibitors

ChAT inhibitors	1-(-Benzoylethyl)pyridinium 2-(α-Naphthoyl)ethyltrimethylammonium 3-Chloro-4-stillbazole 4-(1-Naphthylvinyl)pyridine Acetylseco hemicholinium-3 Acryloylcholine AF64A B115 BETA CM-54,903 N,N-Dimethylaminoethylacrylate N,N-Dimethylaminoethylchloroacetate

AChE inhibitors	Reversible: Carbamates: Aldicarb Bendiocarb Bufencarb Carbaryl Carbendazim Carbetamide Carbofuran Chlorbufam Chloropropham Ethienocarb Ethiofencarb Fenobucarb Fenoxycarb Formetanate Furadan Ladostigil Methiocarb Methomyl Miotine Oxamyl Phenmedipham Pinmicarb Pirimicarb Propamocarb Propham Propoxur; Stigmines: Ganstigmine Neostigmine Phenserine Physostigmine Pyridostigmine Rivastigmine; Others: Acotiamide Ambenonium Donepezil Edrophonium Galantamine Huperzine A Minaprine Tacrine Zanapezil Irreversible: Organophosphates: Acephate Azinphos-methyl Bensulide Cadusafos Chlorethoxyfos Chlorfenvinphos Chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos-Methyl Coumaphos Cyclosarin (GF) Demeton Demeton-S-Methyl Diazinon Dichlorvos Dicrotophos Diisopropyl fluorophosphate (Guthion) Diisopropylphosphate Dimethoate Dioxathion Disulfoton EA-3148 Echothiophate Ethion Ethoprop Fenamiphos Fenitrothion Fenthion Fosthiazate GV Isofluorophate Isoxathion Malaoxon Malathion Methamidophos Methidathion Metrifonate Mevinphos Monocrotophos Naled Novichok agent Omethoate Oxydemeton-Methyl Paraoxon Parathion Parathion-Methyl Phorate Phosalone Phosmet Phostebupirim Phoxim Pirimiphos-Methyl Sarin (GB) Soman (GD) Tabun (GA) Temefos Terbufos Tetrachlorvinphos Tribufos Trichlorfon VE VG VM VR VX; Others: Demecarium Onchidal (Onchidella binneyi)

BChE inhibitors	Cymserine * Many of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors listed above act as butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors.

Others

Precursors	Choline (Lecithin) Citicoline Cyprodenate Dimethylethanolamine (DMAE, deanol) Glycerophosphocholine Meclofenoxate (Centrophenoxine) Phosphatidylcholine Phosphatidylethanolamine Phosphorylcholine Pirisudanol

Cofactors	Acetic acid Acetylcarnitine Acetyl-coA Vitamin B₅ (Pantethine Pantetheine Panthenol)

Others	Acetylcholine releasing agents: α-Latrotoxin β-Bungarotoxin; Acetylcholine release inhibitors: Botulinum toxin (Botox); Acetylcholinesterase reactivators: Asoxime Obidoxime Pralidoxime

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