Hemicholinium-3

Hemicholinium-3

Systematic (IUPAC) name
(2S,2'S)-2,2'-biphenyl-4,4'-diylbis(2-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylmorpholin-4-ium)
Clinical data
Pregnancy cat.	?
Legal status	?
Identifiers
CAS number	312-45-8 Y
ATC code	None
PubChem	CID 9399
ChemSpider	9029 Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL268697 N
Synonyms	2-[4-[4-(2-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylmorpholin-4-ium-2-yl)phenyl]phenyl]-4,4-dimethylmorpholin-4-ium-2-ol
Chemical data
Formula	C24H34N2O4 +2
Mol. mass	414.538 g/mol
SMILES	eMolecules & PubChem
InChI InChI=1S/C24H34N2O4.2BrH/c1-25(2)13-15-29-23(27,17-25)21-9-5-19(6-10-21)20-7-11-22(12-8-20)24(28)18-26(3,4)14-16-30-24;;/h5-12,27-28H,13-18H2,1-4H3;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2 Y Key:OPYKHUMNFAMIBL-UHFFFAOYSA-L Y
N (what is this?)  (verify)

Hemicholinium-3 (HC3), also known as hemicholine, is a drug which blocks the reuptake of choline by the high-affinity choline transporter (ChT; encoded in humans by the gene SLC5A7) at the presynapse. The reuptake of choline is the rate limiting step in the synthesis of acetylcholine; hence, hemicholinium-3 decreases the synthesis of acetylcholine. It is therefore classified as an indirect acetylcholine antagonist.

Acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and a donated acetyl group from acetyl-CoA, by the action of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Thus, decreasing the amount of choline available to a neuron will decrease the amount of acetylcholine produced. Neurons affected by hemicholinium-3 must rely on the transport of choline from the soma (cell body), rather than relying on reuptake of choline from the synaptic cleft.

Effects

Hemicholinium-3 has no clinical use, but is frequently used as a research tool in animal and in vitro experiments.

Hemoicholinium-3 produces a decrease in acetylcholine content in the nerve terminal and as a consequence results in a decrease in acetylcholine transmission. Since acetylcholine normally binds to nicotinic and muscarinic receptors in synapses, a decrease in acetylcholine would cause a decrease in nicotinic and muscarinic pharmacology.

See also

• Triethylcholine