Carbenoxolone
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| (3β)-3-[(3-carboxypropanoyl)oxy]-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid OR (2S,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aS,12bR,14bR)-10-(3-carboxypropanoyloxy)-2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-13-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14b-icosahydropicene-2-carboxylic acid |
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| Clinical data | |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
| Pregnancy cat. | ? |
| Legal status | ? |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 5697-56-3  |
| ATC code | A02BX01 |
| PubChem | CID 636403 |
| DrugBank | EXPT00848 |
| ChemSpider | 552190  |
| UNII | MM6384NG73 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL499915 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C34H50O7 |
| Mol. mass | 570.765 g/mol |
| SMILES | eMolecules & PubChem |
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Carbenoxolone, a synthetic derivative of glycyrrhetinic acid, is a licensed drug (in the UK) for oesophageal ulceration and inflammation. Other uses include treatment of oral and perioral lesions.
Carbenoxolone (aka Carbenoxolone, CBX) is also used as a blocker of the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD), of pannexon membrane channels (comprising 6 subunits of pannexin) and the related innexon channels (consisting of invertebrate innexins), and at higher concentrations, as a blocker of connexon channels ("hemichannels" made up of 6 connexin subunits each) and of gap junctions (2 connexons joined together).
[edit] Nootropic effects
Carbenoxolone has also been investigated for nootropic effects.[1]
This research started from an observation that long-term exposure to glucocorticoids may have negative effects on cognition. Carbenoxolone may decrease the amount of active glucocortocoid in the brain, because the drug inhibits 11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, an enzyme which activates cortisol from cortisone, a glucocorticoid. In the research trial investigating this use of carbenoloxone, it was shown that the drug improved verbal fluency in elderly healthy men (aged 55–75). In type 2 diabetics aged 52–70, the drug improved verbal memory. However, potassium-sparing diuretic amiloride was co-administered with carbenoxolone, since carbenoxolone used by itself may cause hypertension by increasing cortisol in the kidneys.
[edit] References
- ^ Sandeep TC, Yau JL, MacLullich AM, et al. (2004). "11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibition improves cognitive function in healthy elderly men and type 2 diabetics". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (17): 6734–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.0306996101. PMC 404114. PMID 15071189. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15071189.
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