Bromocriptine
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| (5′α)-2-bromo-12′-hydroxy-5′-(2-methylpropyl)-3′,6′,18-trioxo-2′-(propan-2-yl)ergotaman | |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Parlodel |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a682079 |
| Pregnancy cat. | B(US) |
| Legal status | ? |
| Routes | oral |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 28% of oral dose absorbed |
| Metabolism | ? |
| Half-life | 12-14 hours |
| Excretion | 85% bile (faeces) |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 25614-03-3  |
| ATC code | G02CB01 N04BC01 |
| PubChem | CID 31101 |
| IUPHAR ligand | 35 |
| DrugBank | APRD00622 |
| ChemSpider | 28858 |
| UNII | 3A64E3G5ZO |
| KEGG | D03165 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:3181 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL493 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C32H40BrN5O5 |
| Mol. mass | 654.595 |
| SMILES | eMolecules & PubChem |
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Bromocriptine (INN; trade names Parlodel, Cycloset), an ergoline derivative, is a dopamine agonist that is used in the treatment of pituitary tumors, Parkinson's disease (PD), hyperprolactinaemia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and type 2 diabetes.
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[edit] Indications
Amenorrhea, female infertility, galactorrhea, hypogonadism, and acromegaly may all be caused by pituitary problems, such as hyperprolactinaemia, and therefore, these problems may be treated by this drug. In 2009, bromocriptine mesylate was approved by the FDA for treatment of type 2 diabetes under the trade name Cycloset (VeroScience). It is currently unknown how this drug improves glycemic control, but it has been shown to reduce HbA1c by ~0.5 percentage points.[1]
[edit] Pharmacology
Bromocriptine is a potent agonist at dopamine D2 receptors[2] and various serotonin receptors. It also inhibits the release of glutamate, by reversing the glutamate GLT1 transporter. [3]
[edit] Side effects
Most frequent side effects are nausea, orthostatic hypotension, headaches and vomiting through stimulation of the brainstem vomiting centre.[4] Bromocriptine can cause worsening of liver problems. Vasospasms with serious consequences such as myocardial infarction and stroke have been reported in connection with the puerperium, appears to be extremely rare event. [5] Bromocriptine use has been anecdotically associated with causing or worsening psychotic symptoms (its mechanism is in opposition of most antipsychotics, whose mechanisms generally block dopamine).[6] Pulmonary fibrosis has been reported when bromocriptine was used in high doses for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. [7]
[edit] Chemistry
Like all ergopeptides, bromocriptine is a cyclol; two peptide groups of its tripeptide moiety are crosslinked, forming the >N-C(OH)< juncture between the two rings with the amide functionality.
Bromocriptine, 2-bromoergocriptine, is a semisynthetic derivative of a natural ergot alkaloid, ergocriptin (a derivative of lysergic acid), which is synthesized by bromination of ergocriptin using N-bromosuccinimide.
- E. Fluckiger, A. Hoffmann, U.S. Patent 3,752,814 (1973).
- A. Hofman, E. Flueckiger, DE 1926045 (1969).
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- www.AcromegalyCommunity.com: Emotional and communal support for those touched by Acromegaly- page discussing drug, side effects, and prescription programs
- MedlinePlus DrugInfo medmaster-a682079
- http://www.drugs.com/pro/bromocriptine.html
[edit] References
- ^ Pijl H, Ohashi S, Matsuda M, et al. (August 2000). "Bromocriptine: a novel approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes". Diabetes Care 23 (8): 1154–61. doi:10.2337/diacare.23.8.1154. PMID 10937514.
- ^ De Leeuw Van Weenen, J. E.; Parlevliet, E. T.; Maechler, P.; Havekes, L. M.; Romijn, J. A.; Ouwens, D. M.; Pijl, H.; Guigas, B. (2010). "The dopamine receptor D2 agonist bromocriptine inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by direct activation of the α2-adrenergic receptors in beta cells". Biochemical Pharmacology 79 (12): 1827. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2010.01.029. PMID 20138024.
- ^ "ScienceDirect - European Journal of Pharmacology : Bromocriptine, an ergot alkaloid, inhibits excitatory amino acid release mediated by glutamate transporter reversal". http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T1J-50C10Y3-1&_user=10&_coverDate=09/15/2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1447039084&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=f5c6818f21173895c089bc247101bdc1&searchtype=a. Retrieved 2010-08-31.
- ^ Weil, C. (1986). "The safety of bromocriptine in long-term use: a review of the literature". Current medical research and opinion 10 (1): 25–51. doi:10.1185/03007998609111089. PMID 3516579.
- ^ Iffy, L; McArdle, JJ; Ganesh, V; Hopp, L (1996). "Bromocriptine related atypical vascular accidents postpartum identified through medicolegal reviews". Medicine and law 15 (1): 127–34. PMID 8691994.
- ^ Boyd, A. (1995). "Bromocriptine and psychosis: a literature review". The Psychiatric quarterly 66 (1): 87–95. doi:10.1007/BF02238717. PMID 7701022.
- ^ Todman, D.; Oliver, W.; Edwards, R. (1990). "Pleuropulmonary fibrosis due to bromocriptine treatment for Parkinson's disease". Clinical and experimental neurology 27: 79–82. PMID 2129961.
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