Penitrem A

Penitrem A
Other names Tremortin
Identifiers
CAS number	12627-35-9 Y
PubChem	337313
ChemSpider	298950 N
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
SMILES CC(=C)C1C(C2C3(O2)C(O1)CCC4(C3(CCC5C4(C6=C7C5OC(C8CC9C8(C1=C7C(=CC(=C1CC9=C)Cl)N6)O)(C)C)C)O)C)O
InChI InChI=1S/C37H44ClNO6/c1-15(2)28-27(40)31-37(45-31)23(43-28)9-10-33(6)34(7)18(8-11-35(33,37)41)29-25-24-21(39-30(25)34)14-20(38)17-12-16(3)19-13-22(32(4,5)44-29)36(19,42)26(17)24/h14,18-19,22-23,27-29,31,39-42H,1,3,8-13H2,2,4-7H3/t18-,19+,22+,23-,27-,28+,29-,31-,33+,34+,35-,36?,37+/m0/s1 N Key: JDUWHZOLEDOQSR-JHMXYHNCSA-N N
Properties
Molecular formula	C37H44ClNO6
Molar mass	634.20136
N (verify) (what is: Y/N?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Penitrem A (tremortin) is a fungal neurotoxin found on ryegrass. It is produced by certain species of Aspergillus, Claviceps, and Penicillium. It inhibits potassium channels in smooth muscles.^{[citation needed]} The maxi-channels targeted have their highest density in the cerebellar Purkinje cells.

It causes a stagger in horses and cattle.

Effective dose

The ED₅₀ for penitrem A is 10 nM.^{[citation needed]} The ED₅₀ is the effective dose for 50% of the population. Many toxic chemicals do not show ED-50s and act by irreversible covalent adduction.

Stages of toxicity

• Acute tremor
• Chronic ataxia
• Little recovery

See also

• Neurotoxicity

References

• Walter SL (2002). "Acute penitrem A and roquefortine poisoning in a dog". Can. Vet. J. 43 (5): 372–4. PMC 339273. PMID 12001505. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=339273.