Poison sumac
| Poison sumac | |
|---|---|
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| Poison sumac leaves | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Anacardiaceae |
| Genus: | Toxicodendron |
| Species: | T. vernix |
| Binomial name | |
| Toxicodendron vernix Kuntze |
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Poison sumac (Toxicodendron vernix or Rhus vernix) is a woody shrub or small tree growing to 9 m (30 ft) tall.[1][2] All parts of the plant contain a resin called urushiol that causes skin and mucous membrane irritation to humans. When burned, inhalation of the smoke may cause the rash to appear on the lining of the lungs, causing extreme pain and possibly fatal respiratory difficulty.
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[edit] Description
Poison sumac is a shrub or small tree, up to nearly 30 feet in height, with 7-13 leaflets per pinnate leaf. These are oval to oblong; acuminate (tapering to a sharp point); cuneate (wedge-shaped) at the base; undulate (wavy-edged); underside is glabrous (hair-less) or slightly pubescent (down-like hair) beneath, and are usually 2-4 inch long. Its flowers are greenish, in loose axillary panicles (clusters) 3-8 inches long. The fruits are subglobose (not quite spherical), gray, flattened and about 0.2 inches across.
[edit] Distribution
Poison sumac grows exclusively in very wet or flooded soils, usually in swamps and peat bogs, in the eastern United States and Canada.[3]
[edit] Toxicity
In terms of its potential to cause urushiol-induced contact dermatitis, poison sumac is far more virulent than its relatives poison ivy and poison oak. According to some botanists, poison sumac is the most toxic plant species in the United States (Frankel, 1991).
The poison shows itself in painful and long continued swellings and eruptions.[1]
[edit] Notes
- ^ a b Keeler, Harriet L. (1900). Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them. New York: Charles Scriber's Sons. pp. 94–96.
- ^ Rucker, Colby. "Tall Trees of Maryland". Maryland's Tallest Native Tree Species. http://www.nativetreesociety.org/fieldtrips/maryland/maryland_tall_trees.htm. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
- ^ USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service: Toxicodendron vernix
[edit] References
- Frankel, Edward, Ph.D. 1991. Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, Poison Sumac and Their Relatives; Pistachios, Mangoes and Cashews. The Boxwood Press. Pacific Grove, Calif. ISBN 0940168189.
[edit] External links
- Wisconsin page for poison sumac.
- Poison ivy / oak / sumac in "The Medicinal Herb FAQ".
- The Poison Sumac Page—Photos and facts about poison sumac.
- Poison Oak at Wayne's Word.
