Sarajevo
Sarajevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Сарајево) is the caipital an lairgest ceety o Bosnie an Herzegovinae, 310,605 fowk in the fower municipalities that make up the ceety proper, an a metro aurie population of 436,572 fowk in the Sarajevo Canton (2010). It is an aa the caipital o the Federation o Bosnie an Herzegovinae entity, as well as the center o the Sarajevo Canton. Sarajevo is locatit in the Sarajevo valley o Bosnie, surroondit bi the Dinaric Alps an situatit aroond the Miljacka river.
The ceety is famous for its traditional releegious diversity, wi adherents o Islam, Orthodoxy, Catholicism an Judaism coexistin there for centuries.[1] Due tae this lang and rich history o releegious diversity an coexistence Sarajevo haes aften been cawed the "Jerusalem o Europe".[2]
Although settlement in the aurie stretches back tae prehistoric times, the modren ceety arose as an Ottoman stranghauld in the 15t century.[3] Sarajevo haes attractit internaitional attention several times throughoot its history: In 1914 it wis the site o the assassination that sparked Warld War I, while seiventy years later it became the host ceety o the 1984 Winter Oleempics. Mair recently, Sarajevo unnerwent the Siege o Sarajevo durin the Bosnian War. The day the ceety is recoverin an adjustin tae a post-war reality, as a major center o cultur an economic development in Bosnie an Herzegovinae.[4] Sarajevo wis an aa the first ceety in Europe an the seicont ceety in the warld tae hae a full-time operational electric tram netwirk runnin through the ceety, the first being San Francisco.[5] Lonely Planet haes named Sarajevo as the 43rd best ceety in the warld,[6] an in December 2009 leetit Sarajevo as ane o the top ten ceeties tae visit in 2010.[7]
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[edit] Etymology
The earliest name for a major ceety in the region o the day's Sarajevo is Vrhbosna. Tae claim housomeivver that Sarajevo an Vrhbosna are ane an the same wad be faulty, considerin that the latter seems tae hae been destroyed well afore the Ottomans occupied the region. Rather, the ceety o Sarajevo as we ken it wis built directly on top o the Bosnian village o Brodac.
Sarajevo housomeivver is the ae true historical name for the ceety. The oreegins o the wird are no mystery. Sarajevo is a slavic wird based on Saray, the Turkis wird for the governor's palace. Ye can see the ruit in the Turkish name for Sarajevo, Saraybosna, an various auries o Turkey. The letter Y does no exist in the Bosnian version o the Laitin alphabet, an "evo" comes frae "Ovasi" ("Saray Ovasi"), givin the name the basic meanin "The field aroond the palace".
Sarajevo haes haed mony nicknames. The earliest is Šeher, which is the term Isa-Beg Ishaković uised tae describe the toun he wis goin tae build. Literally it is a Turkish wird indicatin an advanced ceety o key importance (şehir) which in turn comes frae Persian شهر Shahr "Ceety" . As Sarajevo developed, numerous nicknames came frae comparisons tae ither ceeties in the Islamic wirld, i.e. "Damascus o the North". The maist popular o these wis "European Jerusalem" which wis a comparison given tae the ceety bi its Sephardic Jewish populace.
Some argue that a mair correct translation o 'saray' is government office, or hoose; 'saray' is a common wird in Turkish for a palace or mansion; a fortified government office, or hoose, though wad still be cawed a saray, if it maintained the general leuk o an office, itherwise it wad be cawed 'kale' (castle).
[edit] Internaitional relations
[edit] Twin touns – Sister ceeties
[edit] Fraternity Ceeties
Sarajevo's fraternity ceeties include:[11]
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[edit] References
- ↑ Malcolm, Noel. Bosnia: A Short History. ISBN 0-81475-561-5.
- ↑ Stilinovic, Josip (3 January 2002). In Europe's Jerusalem Catholic World News. The city’s principal mosques are the Gazi Husreff-Bey’s Mosque, or Begova Džamija (1530), and the Mosque of Ali Pasha (1560–61). Retrieved on 5 August 2006.
- ↑ Valerijan, Žujo; Imamović, Mustafa; Ćurovac, Muhamed. Sarajevo.
- ↑ Kelley, Steve. Rising Sarajevo finds hope again. The Seattle Times. Retrieved on 19 August 2006.
- ↑ [1] Lonely Planet: Best Cities in the World
- ↑ Lonely Planet (March 2006). The Cities Book: A Journey Through The Best Cities In The World. Lonely Planet Publications, ISBN 1-74104-731-5.
- ↑ Lonely Planet's Top 10 Cities 2010 | Lonely Planet's Top 10 Cities 2010. News.com.au. Retrieved on 19 Januar 2010. .
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 daenet d.o.o.. Sarajevo Official Web Site : Sister cities. Sarajevo.ba. Retrieved on 6 Mey 2009. .
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedZagreb_Twinning - ↑ Official portal of City of Skopje - Skopje Sister Cities. 2006-2009 City of Skopje. Retrieved on 14 Julie 2009. .
- ↑ Fraternity cities on Sarajevo Official Web Site. City of Sarajevo 2001-2008. Retrieved on 9 November 2008. .
- ↑ Sister Cities of Istanbul. Retrieved on 8 September 2007. .
- ↑ Erdem, Selim Efe. "İstanbul'a 49 kardeş", Radikal, 2003-11-03. (in Turkish)
- ↑ Sister City - Budapest. Official website of New York City. Retrieved on 14 Mey 2008. .
- ↑ Sister cities of Budapest (Hungarian). Official Website of Budapest. Retrieved on 31 Januar 2008. .
- ↑ Official Barcelona Website: Sister Cities. Ajuntament de Barcelona 1995-2008. Retrieved on 11 November 2008. .
