Attalid dynasty

Kingdom of Pergamon
← 282 BC–133 BC →
Capital	Pergamon
Government	Monarchy
King
- 282 - 263 BC	Philetaerus
- 263 - 241 BC	Eumenes I
- 241 - 197 BC	Attalus I
- 197 - 159 BC	Eumenes II
- 160 - 138 BC	Attalus II
- 138 - 133 BC	Attalus III
Historical era	Hellenistic period
- Philetaerus takes control of the city of Pergamon	282 BC 282 BC
- Attalus III bequeathed the kingdom to the Roman Republic	133 BC
- Disestablished	133 BC

The Attalid dynasty was a Hellenistic dynasty that ruled the city of Pergamon after the death of Lysimachus, a general of Alexander the Great. The Attalid kingdom was the rump state left after the collapse of the Lysimachian Empire. One of Lysimachus' officers, Philetaerus, took control of the city in 282 BC. The later Attalids were descended from his father, and they expanded the city into a kingdom. Attalus I proclaimed himself King in the 230s BC, following his victories over the Galatians. The Attalids ruled Pergamon until Attalus III bequeathed the kingdom to the Roman Republic in 133 BC to avoid a likely succession crisis.

On the interior of the Pergamon Altar is a frieze depicting the life of Telephus, son of Herakles, whom the ruling Attalid dynasty associated with their city and utilized to claim descendance from the Olympians. Pergamon, having entered the Greek world much later than their counterparts to the west, could not boast the same divine heritage as older city-states, and had to retroactively cultivate their place in Greek mythos.

Dynasty of Pergamum

• Philetaerus (282 BC–263 BC)
• Eumenes I (263 BC–241 BC)
• Attalus I Soter (241 BC–197 BC)
• Eumenes II (197 BC–159 BC)
• Attalus II Philadelphus (160 BC–138 BC)
• Attalus III (138 BC–133 BC)
• Eumenes III Aristonicus (pretender, 133 BC–129 BC)

Genealogy

Attalus

Boa

Philetaerus

Eumenes

Satyra

Attalus

Eumenes I

Philetaerus (?)

Attalus

Antiochis

Eumenes (?)

Attalus I

Apollonis

Stratonice

Eumenes II

(?)

Attalus II

Philetaerus

Athenaeus

Attalus III

Eumenes III

References

Sources

• Shipley (2000). The Greek World After Alexander, 323-30 B.C.
• Hansen, Esther V. (1971). The Attalids of Pergamon. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press; London: Cornell University Press Ltd. ISBN 0-8014-0615-3.
• Kosmetatou, Elizabeth (2003) "The Attalids of Pergamon," in Andrew Erskine, ed., A Companion to the Hellenistic World. Oxford: Blackwell: pp. 159–174. ISBN 1-4051-3278-7. text