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Russia (Russian: Россия, Rossiya), also the Russian Federation, Rossiyskaya Federatsiya), is a transcontinental country extending over much of northern Eurasia. It is a semi-presidential republic comprising of 83 federal subjects. Russia shares land borders with the following countries (counter-clockwise from northwest to southeast): Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania (Kaliningrad Oblast), Poland (Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It is also close to the U.S. state of Alaska, Sweden, Denmark, Turkey and Japan across relatively small stretches of water (the Bering Strait, the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea and La Pérouse Strait, respectively).
At 17,075,400 square kilometers, Russia is by far the largest country in the world, covering more than an eighth of the Earth’s land area; with 142 million people, it is the ninth largest by population. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning 11 time zones and incorporating a great range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's greatest reserves of mineral and energy resources, and is considered an energy superpower. It has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's unfrozen fresh water.
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A Chechen man prays during the First Battle of Grozny, January 1995. The flame in the background is coming from a gas pipeline which was hit by shrapnel.
This battle was the Russian army's invasion and subsequent conquest of the Chechen capital, Grozny, during the early months of the First Chechen War. The attack lasted from December 1994 to March 1995, resulted in the military occupation of the city by the Russian Army and rallied most of the Chechen nation around the separatist government of Dzhokhar Dudayev.
Did you know...
- ...that Rastrelli's Monument to Peter the Great (pictured) in Saint Petersburg includes a message by emperor Paul I that is a subtle mockery of Catherine the Great's inscription on the Bronze Horseman?
- ...that the Union of Salvation, a Russian secret society of revolutionary Decembrists, was organized according to a complex Masonic style system of rituals and vows?
- ...that in Star Wars: Storm in the Glass, the Russian parody of Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace, a bottle of vodka resides on almost every table shown in the movie?
In this month
- October 2, 1552 - Siege of Kazan (1552): The Russian army breached the walls of Kazan.
- October 23, 1582 - Battle of Chuvash Cape: Russian soldiers dispersed the armed forces of the Siberia Khanate from its capital, Qashliq.
- October 24, 1813 - Russo-Persian War (1804-1813): According to the Treaty of Gulistan, the Persian Empire ceded its Transcaucasian territories to Russia.
- October 25, 1917 - October Revolution: Soldiers directed by the Military Revolutionary Committee of the Petrograd Soviet captured the Winter Palace, ending the power of the Russian Provisional Government.
- October 26, 2002 - Moscow theater hostage crisis: The police pumped anesthetic into the building, then stormed it from every entrance. The subsequent gunfight left 42 terrorists and 120 hostages dead.
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In the news
- September 10: /en.wikinews.org/wiki/Out of space in outer space: Special report on NASA's 'space junk' plans
- September 4: /en.wikinews.org/wiki/Retired Russian policeman charged in journalist Anna Politkovskaya’s murder
- August 27: /en.wikinews.org/wiki/Retired policeman arrested in connection with murdered journalist Anna Politkovskaya
- August 3: /en.wikinews.org/wiki/Russian geographer Andrey Kapitsa dies aged 80
- July 13: /en.wikinews.org/wiki/Russian tour boat sinks, killing over 100
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