Lusitanian mythology
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Lusitanian mythology is the mythology of the Lusitanians, the Indo-European people of western Iberia, in the territory comprising most of modern Portugal, Extremadura and a small part of Salamanca.
Lusitanian deities heavily influenced all of the religious practices in western Iberia, namely also in Gallaecia. They mingled with Roman deities after Lusitania was conquered.[1]
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[edit] Main pantheon
Of particular importance and popularity, especially following the Roman conquest, were a number of deities among whom were Endovelicus, Ataegina, Nabia and Trebaruna. Endovelicus was a god of healing and also had oracular functions. With ninety-four separate dedications,[1] he appears to have been the most important of all. Ataegina is less well defined; her name has been derived from Celtic *atte-gena perhaps meaning "reborn". Nabia may have been two separate deities, the consort of the Lusitanian equivalent of the Roman Jupiter and another associated with earth and sacred springs[2] while Trebaruna's name appears in inscriptions in the Lusitanian language associated with another, presumably male deity named Reve, whom Witczak[3] suggests may be the equivalent of the Roman Iovis or Jupiter, both names ultimately deriving from Proto-Indo-European *diewo-.
Bandua or Bandi is another with numerous dedications: the name is male in most inscriptions and yet the only depiction being female, it seems the name referred to numerous deities, especially since Bandi/Bandue often carries an epithet associating the name with that of a town or other location such as Bandua Roudaeco, Etobrico or Brealiacui. The god or goddess was probably the protector of the local community, often associated with the Roman Mars[4] and in one dedication is considered a god or goddess of the Vexillum or standard.[5]
[edit] Deities
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Dii, Lares, Nymphs and Genii, were the main types of divinity worshiped, known from the Latin epigraphy, although many names are recorded in the Lusitanian or Celtiberian languages.
[edit] See also
- Enchanted Moura
- Castro culture
- Celtic mythology
- Etruscan mythology
- Germanic mythology
- Greek mythology
- List of deities
- Lusitanian language
- Ophiussa
- Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula
- Proto-Indo-European mythology
- Roman mythology
[edit] References
- Notes
- Sources
- Bessa, Katia Maia; Martin, Jean-Pierre (20 November 1999) (in French). Recherches sur les Differents Aspects du Syncretisme Religieux dans la Lusitanie Romaine [Research in Different Aspects of Religious Syncretisme in Roman Lusitania]. Albuquerque, New Mexico: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do IBICT. http://tede.ibict.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=180.
- Coutinhas, José Manuel (2006) (in Portuguese). Aproximação à identidade etno-cultural dos Callaici Bracari [Approximating the Ethno-Cultural Identity of Callaici Bracari]. Oporto, Portugal.
- García Fernández-Albalat, Blanca (1990) (in Spanish). Guerra y Religión en la Gallaecia y la Lusitania Antiguas [War and Religion in Galicia and Ancient Lusitania]. A Coruña.
- McKenna, Stephen. "Paganism and Pagan Survivals in Spain up to the Fall of the Visigothic Kingdom". http://libro.uca.edu/mckenna/pagan1.htm.
- Martínez, Sonia María García (1995). "La epigrafía romana del concelho de Guimarães. Un estado de la cuestión" (in Portuguese). Revista de Guimarães. Guimarães, Portugal. pp. 139–171. http://www.csarmento.uminho.pt/docs/ndat/rg/RG105_09.pdf.
- Pedreño, Juan Carlos Olivares (1999) (in Portuguese). Teonimos indigenas masculinos del ambito Lusitano-Galaico: un intento de síntesis. Special I. Guimarães, Portugal: Revista de Guimarães. pp. 277–296. http://www.csarmento.uminho.pt/docs/ndat/rg/RGVE1999_016.pdf.
- Pedreño, Juan Carlos Olivares (2002) (in Spanish). Los Dioses de la Hispania Céltica [The Gods of Hispanic Celts]. Madrid, Spain.
- Robalo, Mário. "Deuses de pedra [Gods of Stone]" (in Portuguese). http://museudeodrinhas.no.sapo.pt/Artigos/Expresso630.htm.
- Le Roux, P.; Tranoy, A.. "Contribution a l'etude des regions rurales del Nor-ouest hispanique au Haut-Empire: deux inscriptions de Penafiel" (in French). III Congresso Nacional de Arqueología I. Oporto, Portugal: A Junta. pp. 249–257.
- Lódz, Krzysztof Tomasz Witczak (1999). On the Indo-European Origin of Two Lusitanian Theonyms (Laebo and Reve). Emerita. pp. 65–73. http://emerita.revistas.csic.es/index.php/emerita/article/download/185/186.
- Pedreño, Juan Carlos Olivares (11 November 2005). Celtic Gods of the Iberian Peninsula. 6. Guimarães, Portugal: E-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies. pp. 607–649. ISSN 1540-4889. http://www4.uwm.edu/celtic/ekeltoi/volumes/vol6/6_12/olivares_6_12.pdf.
- Masdeu, Juan Francisco (1688) (in Portuguese). Historia critica de España, y de la Cultura Española: España romana. 1787-1807 [A Historic Critique of Spain, and the Spanish Culutre: Roman Spain]. http://books.google.com/books?id=LxBXAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA44&dq=Bandua&as_brr=3#v=onepage&q=Bandua&f=false.
