From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The World Map by
Diogo Ribeiro (1529) labels
America as
MUNDUS NOVUS. It traces most of South America and the east coast of North America .
The New World is one of the names used for the Western Hemisphere, specifically America and sometimes Oceania (Australasia). The term originated in the late 15th century, when America had been recently discovered by European explorers, expanding the geographical horizon of the people of the European middle Ages, who had thought of the world as consisting of Europe, Asia, and Africa: collectively now referred to as the Old World.
[edit] Name origin
The Spanish scholar Peter Martyr d'Anghiera coined the term "New World"[1] (novi orbis) in a letter dated November 1st, 1492 in which he referred to Columbus first voyage to America. [2] In a subsequent letter a year later he again referred to "the New World" (orbis novus).[3] In 1516, Martyr published a work whose title began De orbe novo ("On the New World").
Probably the first widely published use of the term, now in the form "Mundus Novus", comes from a letter by Amerigo Vespucci, Mundus Novus, published in 1503 in Paris, and by 1504 republished in Antwerp, Augsburg, Lisbon, Rome and Straatsburg,[4] with some twenty editions over the next five years.
In 1524, the term was also used by Giovanni da Verrazzano in a record of his voyage that year along the Atlantic coast of land that is now part of the United States and Canada.[5]
[edit] Usage and definition
The terms "Old World" vs. "New World" are primarily meaningful in historical context and for the purpose of distinguishing the world's major ecozones. One can speak of the "New World" in a historical context, e.g., when discussing the voyages of Christopher Columbus, the Spanish conquest of Yucatán and other events of the colonial period; additionally, the term "New World" is sometimes used in a biological context, when one speaks of Old World (Palearctic, Afrotropic) and New World species (Nearctic, Neotropic).
[edit] Criticism of term
The term has been criticized as being Eurocentric, patronizing and also for taking an apologetic tone with regards to colonialism.[6]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ de Madariaga, Salvador (1952) (in Castilian). Vida del muy magnífico señor Don Cristóbal Colón (5th ed.). Mexico: Editorial Hermes. p. 363. ""nuevo mundo", [...] designación que Pedro Mártyr será el primero en usar"
- ^ O'Gorman, Edmundo (1961). The Invention of America, p. 84.
- ^ Zerubavel, Eviatar (2003). Terra Cognita: The Mental Discovery of America, p. 72. Citing: Thachohn B. (1903). Christopher Columbus, vol. 1, p. 62.
- ^ [1]
- ^ Verrazzano, Giovanni da (1524). "The Written Record of the Voyage of 1524 of Giovanni da Verrazzano as recorded in a letter to Francis I, King of France, July 8th, 1524". Citing: Wroth, Lawrence C., ed. (1970). The Voyages of Giovanni da Verrazzano, 1524-1528. Yale, pp. 133-143. Citing: a translation by Susan Tarrow of the Cellere Codex.
- ^ James Loewen, (1970). Lies My Teacher Told Me. The New Press, pp. 65.
