Sabbarin
| Sabbarin | |
 Sabbarin
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| Arabic | صبارين |
| Also Spelled | Sabarin Sabbarim |
| Sub-district | Haifa |
| Coordinates | 32°34′16.09″N 35°1′23.15″E / 32.5711361°N 35.0230972°ECoordinates: 32°34′16.09″N 35°1′23.15″E / 32.5711361°N 35.0230972°E |
| Population | 1,700[1] (1945) |
| Area | 25,307[1] dunums
25.3 km² |
| Date of depopulation | 12–14 May 1948[2] |
| Cause(s) of depopulation | Military assault by Yishuv forces |
| Current localities | Ramot Menashe, Ammiqam |
Sabbarin is a former Palestinian Arab village located 28 kilometers south of Haifa. According to the 1931 census of Palestine, the village had a population of 1,108 inhabitants and the village's lands spanned 25,307 dunams.[3]
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[edit] History
In the late 19th century, Sabbarin was described as a "large" village with about 600 inhabitants, who cultivated 55 faddans (1 faddan =100-250 dunums) of land.[4]
By 1944/1945, the village had a total of 12,773 dunums of land used for cereals; while 45 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards.[5][6]
[edit] 1948 and aftermath
Sabbarin was captured by Israeli forces on May 12, 1948 during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War in Operation Coastal Clearing. It was defended by a local militia and possibly the Arab Liberation Army.[3] According to Benny Morris, the IZL (Irgun) encountered resistance there and the majority of the villagers fled after 20 of them were killed in a firefight, with an IZL armoured car firing on the villagers as they fled. More than one hundred people, including the elderly, women, and children, who had not fled were held behind barbed wire for a few days before being expelled to nearby Umm al-Fahm.[7] Others who had fled earlier ended up in refugee camps in the Jenin area.[3]
An IZL officer recounted how during a search of the column of refugees, a pistol and a rifle were found. Seven men were detained and were asked who the weapons belonged to. After they refused to answer, the IZL men threatened them with death. After still refusing to answer, the IZL men carried out a "field court martial," sentenced the seven to death, and thereafter executed them on the spot.[7]
There are two Israeli settlements on village land; Ramot Menashe, built northeast of the site in 1948, and Ammiqam, built in 1950, 1 km south of the village site.[5]
Khalidi described the place in 1992:
The large site, strewn with the stone debris of houses, is overgrown with wild thorns. The thorns are interspersed with cactuses and pine, fig, olive and mulberry trees. Some of the surrounding lands are used by Israelis as pasture and growing fruit trees.[5]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b Hadawi, 1970, p.49
- ^ Morris, 2004, p.xviii, village #159. Also gives cause of depopulation
- ^ a b c "Welcome to Sabbarin: Town Statistics and Facts". Palestine Remembered. http://www.palestineremembered.com/Haifa/Sabbarin/index.html. Retrieved 2007-12-04.
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, II:43. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p.187
- ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p.187
- ^ Hadawi, 1970, p.92
- ^ a b Morris, 2004, p. 244.
[edit] Bibliography
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- Conder, Claude Reignier and H.H. Kitchener (1881): The Survey of Western Palestine: memoirs of the topography, orography, hydrography, and archaeology. London:Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. vol 2
- Guérin, M. V.: (1875): Description Géographique, Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine. Samarie, 2 pt. ("Seconde partie -Samarie")("Tome II") (p. 304)
- Hadawi, Sami (1970), Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine, Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center, http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html
- Khalidi, Walid (1992), All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948, Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies, ISBN 0-88728-224-5
- Morris, Benny (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-00967-7
