Journeyman
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A journeyman is someone who completed an apprenticeship and was fully educated in a trade or craft, but not yet a master. To become a master, a journeyman had to submit a master work piece to a guild for evaluation and be admitted to the guild as a master.
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[edit] Origin of the title
The word journeyman comes from the French word journee, which means the period of one day. The title refers to the journeyman's right to charge a fee for each day's work. Journeyman would normally be employed by a master craftsman, but would live apart and might have a family of their own. A journeyman could not employ others. In contrast, an apprentice would be bound to a master, usually for a fixed term of seven years, and lived with the master as a member of the household, receiving most or all compensation in the form of food and lodging.
In parts of Europe, as in later medieval Germany, spending time as a journeyman (Geselle), moving from one town to another to gain experience of different workshops, was an important part of the training of an aspirant master. Carpenters in Germany have retained the tradition of traveling journeymen even today, although only a few still practice it. In France, journeymen were known as compagnons.
The terms jack and knave are sometimes used as informal words for journeyman. Hence the expression "jack of all trades, master of none" as someone who is educated in several fields, but is not an expert in any one.
[edit] Industrial era and later
In modern apprenticeship systems, a journeyman is a man who has a tradesman certificate that required completion of an apprenticeship. In many countries this is the highest formal rank (that of master having been eliminated) and allows them to perform all the tasks of the trade within the area where they are certified, to supervise apprentices and to become self-employed.
In some countries such as Germany, however, master craftsmen are still educated (in a 3-4 year part-time or 1-year full-time course after they complete their apprenticeship), and every business that works in the craft still has to employ at least one master craftsman.[citation needed]
[edit] Qualification
Someone who has completed the traditional live-in apprenticeship could be considered a journeyman, as could someone who is educated in their field and has passed a board certified test. In the United States, the requirements for a journeyman's license are set by each state.[citation needed]
In the United States, employment in the building trades, such as an electrician or plumber or carpenter, usually requires that a person holds a state or local (city or county) license as a journeyman or master. The journeyman license certifies that the craftsman has met the requirements of time in the field (usually a minimum of 8000 hours) and time in an approved classroom setting (usually 700 hours). A journeyman has the responsibility of supervising workers of lesser experience and training them, in addition to having the qualifications (knowledge and skills) to work unsupervised himself. A journeyman is commonly expected to have a wide range of experience, covering most fields of his trade. For example, a non journeyman worker of some 20 or 30 years experience may have most or all of his experience in only residential, commercial or industrial applications. A journeyman however, has a broad field of experience in residential, commercial, and industrial applications.
[edit] See also
- Compagnons du Tour de France
- Journeyman years (Waltz)
- Guild
- Master tradesperson
- Tradesperson
- Vocational education
- Air Force Occupational Badge
