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Featured article: May 6, 2009

Haumea is a dwarf planet, one-third the mass of Pluto, in the Kuiper belt. It was discovered in 2004 by a team headed by Mike Brown of Caltech at the Palomar Observatory in the United States, and in 2005 by a team headed by J. L. Ortiz at the Sierra Nevada Observatory in Spain, though the latter claim has been contested. On September 17, 2008, it was accepted as a dwarf planet by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) and named after Haumea, the Hawaiian goddess of childbirth. Haumea's extreme elongation makes it unique among known trans-Neptunian objects. Although its shape has not been directly observed, calculations from its light curve suggest it is an ellipsoid, with its greatest axis twice as long as its shortest. Nonetheless, its gravity is believed sufficient for it to have relaxed into hydrostatic equilibrium, thereby meeting the definition of a dwarf planet. This elongation, along with its unusually rapid rotation, high density, and high albedo (due to a surface of crystalline water ice), are thought to be the results of a giant collision, which left Haumea the largest member of a collisional family that includes several large TNOs and its two known moons. (more...)

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Speech by United States President Gerald Ford announcing clemency plans for Vietnam era draft evaders. (file info)

Featured picture: March 17, 2009

A map of the Greater Dublin Rail Network showing Suburban Rail, Luas and proposed Metro and Commuter lines. Public transport in Dublin is run by a number of transport operators and utilises electric and diesel trains, trams and an extensive bus network to provide service to the Greater Dublin Area.

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Featured list: Municipalities of Lithuania

Lithuania is a country, situated in Northern Europe. It is a member of the United Nations, European Union, Council of Europe and NATO.^[1] As of 2010, it had a population of approximately 3.3 million, and an area of 65,300 km².^[2] Formerly a Soviet Socialist Republic, Lithuania initiated a declaration of independence in 1990, and gained widespread international recognition the following year.^[1] The country is divided into three layers of administrative division. The first-level division consists of 10 counties (Lithuanian: singular – apskritis, plural – apskritys). These are sub-divided into 60 municipalities (Lithuanian: plural – savivaldybės, singular – savivaldybė), which in turn are further sub-divided into over 500 smaller groups, known as elderships (Lithuanian: plural – seniūnijos, singular – seniūnija).

At the end of its tenure as a Soviet Socialist Republic, Lithuania's administrative division consisted of 44 regions, 12 cities, 80 towns, 19 settlements, and 426 rural districts.^[3] The reform of this system was an immediate concern.^[4] The Constitution of Lithuania, ratified in 1992, delegated the power of establishing future administrative units to the Lithuanian Parliament (Seimas). Accordingly, the Seimas passed two fundamental laws: a 1993 law on government representation and a 1994 law specifying the territorial-administrative units and their boundaries.^[4] The current system of a set of municipalities under 10 counties was codified by 1995.^[4] Several changes were made in 2000, resulting in 60 municipalities.^[5] Further changes, including a possible increase in the number of municipalities, are still being discussed.^[6] Municipal councilors are directly elected every four years.^[7] The councilors then elect the municipality's mayor.^[7]

The following map shows counties as well as municipalities. Seven city municipalities and three municipalities are marked by numbers.

1 – Vilnius city municipality
2 – Kaunas city municipality
3 – Klaipėda city municipality

4 – Panevėžys city municipality
5 – Šiauliai city municipality
6 – Alytus city municipality

7 – Birštonas municipality
8 – Palanga city municipality
9 – Visaginas municipality
10 – Neringa municipality

List

	Municipality	County	Administrative center^[8]	Area (km²)^[9]	Pop. (2010)^[9]	Density (2010)^[9]
1	Akmenė district municipality	Šiauliai County	Naujoji Akmenė	844	26,737	31.7
2	Alytus city municipality	Alytus County	Alytus	60	66,841	1,671.0
3	Alytus district municipality	Alytus County	Alytus^{[nb 1]}	1,404	30,691	21.9
4	Anykščiai district municipality	Utena County	Anykščiai	1,765	31,088	17.6
5	Birštonas municipality	Kaunas County	Birštonas	124	5,178	41.8
6	Biržai district municipality	Panevėžys County	Biržai	1,476	32,116	21.8
7	Druskininkai municipality	Alytus County	Druskininkai	454	24,044	53.0
8	Elektrėnai municipality	Vilnius County	Elektrėnai	509	27,622	54.3
9	Ignalina district municipality	Utena County	Ignalina	1,447	19,374	13.4
10	Jonava district municipality	Kaunas County	Jonava	944	51,401	54.5
11	Joniškis district municipality	Šiauliai County	Joniškis	1,152	29,310	25.4
12	Jurbarkas district municipality	Tauragė County	Jurbarkas	1,507	34,213	22.7
13	Kaišiadorys district municipality	Kaunas County	Kaišiadorys	1,087	35,334	32.5
14	Kalvarija municipality	Marijampolė County	Kalvarija	441	13,162	29.8
15	Kaunas city municipality	Kaunas County	Kaunas	157	348,624	2,220.5
16	Kaunas district municipality	Kaunas County	Kaunas^{[nb 1]}	1,496	90,196	60.3
17	Kazlų Rūda municipality	Marijampolė County	Kazlų Rūda	555	14,189	25.6
18	Kėdainiai district municipality	Kaunas County	Kėdainiai	1,677	61,872	36.9
19	Kelmė district municipality	Šiauliai County	Kelmė	1,705	36,801	21.6
20	Klaipėda city municipality	Klaipėda County	Klaipėda	98	182,752	1,864.8
21	Klaipėda district municipality	Klaipėda County	Gargždai	1,336	52,125	39.0
22	Kretinga district municipality	Klaipėda County	Kretinga	989	45,103	45.6
23	Kupiškis district municipality	Panevėžys County	Kupiškis	1,080	22,369	20.7
24	Lazdijai district municipality	Alytus County	Lazdijai	1,309	24,246	18.5
25	Marijampolė municipality	Marijampolė County	Marijampolė	755	68,303	90.5
26	Mažeikiai district municipality	Telšiai County	Mažeikiai	1,220	65,430	52.8
27	Molėtai district municipality	Utena County	Molėtai	1,367	22,475	16.4
28	Neringa municipality	Klaipėda County	Nida	90	3,682	40.9
29	Pagėgiai municipality	Tauragė County	Pagėgiai	537	11,131	20.7
30	Pakruojis district municipality	Šiauliai County	Pakruojis	1,316	26,561	20.2
31	Palanga city municipality	Klaipėda County	Palanga	79	17,645	223.4
32	Panevėžys city municipality	Panevėžys County	Panevėžys	50	111,959	2,239.2
33	Panevėžys district municipality	Panevėžys County	Panevėžys^{[nb 1]}	2,179	42,449	19.5
34	Pasvalys district municipality	Panevėžys County	Pasvalys	1,289	31,718	24.6
35	Plungė district municipality	Telšiai County	Plungė	1,105	43,044	39.0
36	Prienai district municipality	Kaunas County	Prienai	1,031	33,048	32.1
37	Radviliškis district municipality	Šiauliai County	Radviliškis	1,635	47,626	29.1
38	Raseiniai district municipality	Kaunas County	Raseiniai	1,573	40,656	25.8
39	Rietavas municipality	Telšiai County	Rietavas	586	9,837	16.8
40	Rokiškis district municipality	Panevėžys County	Rokiškis	1,807	37,815	20.9
41	Skuodas district municipality	Klaipėda County	Skuodas	911	23,123	25.4
42	Šakiai district municipality	Marijampolė County	Šakiai	1,453	35,507	24.4
43	Šalčininkai district municipality	Vilnius County	Šalčininkai	1,491	36,992	24.8
44	Šiauliai city municipality	Šiauliai County	Šiauliai	81	125,453	1,548.8
45	Šiauliai district municipality	Šiauliai County	Šiauliai^{[nb 1]}	1,807	49,199	27.2
46	Šilalė district municipality	Tauragė County	Šilalė	1,188	29,486	24.8
47	Šilutė district municipality	Klaipėda County	Šilutė	1,706	52,119	30.6
48	Širvintos district municipality	Vilnius County	Širvintos	906	18,629	20.6
49	Švenčionys district municipality	Vilnius County	Švenčionys	1,692	29,922	17.7
50	Tauragė district municipality	Tauragė County	Tauragė	1,179	49,925	42.3
51	Telšiai district municipality	Telšiai County	Telšiai	1,439	53,821	37.4
52	Trakai district municipality	Vilnius County	Trakai	1,208	35,700	29.6
53	Ukmergė district municipality	Vilnius County	Ukmergė	1,395	44,783	32.1
54	Utena district municipality	Utena County	Utena	1,230	46,939	38.2
55	Varėna district municipality	Alytus County	Varėna	2,218	27,604	12.4
56	Vilkaviškis district municipality	Marijampolė County	Vilkaviškis	1,259	47,204	37.5
57	Vilnius city municipality	Vilnius County	Vilnius	401	560,192	1,397.0
58	Vilnius district municipality	Vilnius County	Vilnius^{[nb 1]}	2,129	96,484	45.3
59	Visaginas municipality	Utena County	Visaginas	58	28,335	488.5
60	Zarasai district municipality	Utena County	Zarasai	1,334	19,855	14.9

Notes and references

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e The administrative centers in these municipalities are located outside of the municipality proper.

General

Law on the Territorial Administrative Units and Their Boundaries

Specific

^ ^a ^b "Timeline: Lithuania". BBC News. 17 November 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/2133386.stm. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
^ "Lithuania country profile". BBC News. 17 November 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/1106095.stm. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
^ Conference on Local and Regional Authority Co-operation in the Baltic Sea Area: proceedings, Kaunas, Lithuania, 21-23, April 1999. Council of Europe. January 2000. p. 9. ISBN 9789287145383. http://books.google.com/books?id=Mwf_B72sxDoC&pg=PA9. Retrieved 16 February 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c Jolanta Vaičiūnienė (2008-11-14). "The Administrative–Territorial Reform in Lithuania: History and Today". Council of Europe. http://www.coe.int/t/dgap/localdemocracy/programmes_democratic_stability/imc/Warsaw_Documents/Warsaw_Vaiciuniene.pdf. Retrieved 16 February 2011.
^ Local Economic and Employment Development (Program); Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (April 2007). Baltic partnerships: integration, growth and local governance in the Baltic Sea Region. OECD Publishing. p. 75. ISBN 9789264029286. http://books.google.com/books?id=g7TJcbAm2gEC&pg=PA75. Retrieved 23 February 2011.
^ Council of Europe (2007). State of human rights and democracy in Europe. Council of Europe. pp. 269–271. ISBN 9789287162885. http://books.google.com/books?id=pCtYgDJfhK4C&pg=PA270. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
^ ^a ^b Miluše Kindlová (2006). Constitutional law of 10 EU member states: the 2004 enlargement. Kluwer. pp. 603–604. ISBN 9789013034684. http://books.google.com/books?id=9jGA5sfKTeYC&pg=SL603-PA50. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
^ Municipality administrative centers and coats of arms are given by Statistics Lithuania in subpages under the Portrait of the Regions of Lithuania; e.g. Alytus town municipality.
^ ^a ^b ^c "M3010211: >>>Total area and population by administrative territory". Statistics Lithuania. http://db1.stat.gov.lt/statbank/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?Maintable=M3010211&PLanguage=1. Retrieved 16 February 2011.

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