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Case Signs
The three grammatical
cases in Arabic are:
Nominative (subject) = 'ar-raf"(u)الرَّفْعُ
Accusative = 'an-nasb(u)
النَّصْبُ
Genitive = 'al-jarr(u)
الْجَرُّ
You may click here
for definitions of the grammatical cases.
The possible case-signs
عَلامَاْتُ الإِعْرَاْبِ
for singular nouns collectively are:
N.B. the word "estimated" is used a lot in
Arabic grammar. They mean by it "supposed" or "assumed."
1. Regular Nouns
I. Singular
Nouns
الْوَلَدُ
the child
(masc.)
Case-Sign
Case
Noun
Apparent Short U
ضَمَّةٌ ظَاْهِرَةٌ
'ar-raf"(u)
الْرَّفْعُ
'al-walad(u)
الْوَلَدُ
Apparent Short A
فَتْحَةٌ
ظَاْهِرَةٌ
'an-nasb(u)
الْنَّصْبُ
'al-walad(a)
الْوَلَدَ
Apparent Short I
كَسْرَةٌ
ظَاْهِرَةٌ
'al-jarr(u)
الْجَرُّ
'al-walad(i)
الْوَلَدِ
II.
Dual Nouns
الْوَلَدَاْنِ
the two children
(masc.)
Case-sign
Case
Noun
The
'alif
الأَلِفُ
'ar-raf"(u)
الْرَّفْعُ
'al-waladaan(i)
الْوَلَدَاْنِ
The yaa'<
الْيَاْءُ
'an-nasb(u)
الْنَّصْبُ
'al-waladayn(i)
الْوَلَدَيْنِ
The yaa'<
الْيَاْءُ
'al-jarr(u)
الْجَرُّ
'al-waladayn(i)
الْوَلَدَيْنِ
The
noon
ن
in the dual ending is not part of the case-sign but rather is the
dual form of Noonation.
III. Masculine Plural
Nouns
الْمُعَلِّمُوْنَ
the teachers
(masc.)
Case-Sign
Case
Noun
The waaw
الْوَاْوُ
'ar-raf"(u)
الْرَّفْعُ
'al-mu"allimoon(a)
الْمُعَلِّمُوْنَ
The
yaa'<
الْيَاْءُ
'an-nasb(u)
الْنَّصْبُ
'al-mu"allimeen(a)
الْمُعَلِّمِيْنَ
The
yaa'<
الْيَاْءُ
'al-jarr(u)
الْجَرُّ
'al-mu"allimeen(a)
الْمُعَلِّمِيْنَ
The
noon
ن
in the masculine plural ending is not part of the case-sign but rather is the masculine plural form of
Noonation.
IV.
Feminine Plural Nouns
الْمُعَلِّمَاْتُ
the teachers
(fem.)
Case-Sign
Case
Noun
Apparent Short U
ضَمَّةٌ ظَاْهِرَةٌ
'ar-raf"(u)
الْرَّفْعُ
'al-mu"allimaat(u)
الْمُعَلِّمَاْتُ
Apparent Short I
كَسْرَةٌ
ظَاْهِرَةٌ
'an-nasb(u)
الْنَّصْبُ
'al-mu"allimaat(i)
الْمُعَلِّمَاْتِ
Apparent Short I
كَسْرَةٌ
ظَاْهِرَةٌ
'al-jarr(u)
الْجَرُّ
'al-mu"allimaat(i)
الْمُعَلِّمَاْتِ
V. Irregular Plural Nouns
We mentioned before that all
irregular plural nouns are treated grammatically
as if they were singular nouns when it comes to case declension,
thus they will take the case-signs of singular nouns.
الأَوْلادُ
the children
(masc.)
Case-Sign
Case
Noun
Apparent Short U
ضَمَّةٌ
ظَاْهِرَةٌ
'ar-raf"(u)
الْرَّفْعُ
'al-'awlaad(u)
الأَوْلادُ
Apparent Short A
فَتْحَةٌ
ظَاْهِرَةٌ
'an-nasb(u)
الْنَّصْبُ
'al-'awlaad(a)
الأَوْلادَ
Apparent Short I
كَسْرَةٌ
ظَاْهِرَةٌ
'al-jarr(u)
الْجَرُّ
'al-'awlaad(i)
الأَوْلادِ
2. Irregular Nouns
(For definitions of irregular noun types, you may
click here)
I. Shortened Nouns
الْعَصَاْ
the stick, the cane
(fem.)
Case-Sign
Case
Noun
Estimated Short U
ضَمَّةٌ
مُقَدَّرَةٌ
'ar-raf"(u)
الْرَّفْعُ
'al-"asaa
الْعَصَاْ
Estimated Short A
فَتْحَةٌ
مُقَدَّرَةٌ
'an-nasb(u)
الْنَّصْبُ
'al-"asaa
الْعَصَاْ
Estimated Short I
كَسْرَةٌ
مُقَدَّرَةٌ
'al-jarr(u)
الْجَرُّ
'al-"asaa
الْعَصَاْ
II. Extended
Nouns
الْمَاْءُ
the water
(masc.)
Case-Sign
Case
Noun
Apparent Short U
ضَمَّةٌ ظَاْهِرَةٌ
'ar-raf"(u)
الْرَّفْعُ
'al-maa'(u)
الْمَاْءُ
Apparent Short A
فَتْحَةٌ
ظَاْهِرَةٌ
'an-nasb(u)
الْنَّصْبُ
'al-maa'(a)
الْمَاْءَ
Apparent Short I
كَسْرَةٌ
ظَاْهِرَةٌ
'al-jarr(u)
الْجَرُّ
'al-maa'(i)
الْمَاْءِ
III. Defective Nouns
الْقَاْضِيْ
the judge
(masc.)
Case-Sign
Case
Noun
Estimated Short U
ضَمَّةٌ
مُقَدَّرَةٌ
'ar-raf"(u)
الْرَّفْعُ
'al-qaadee
الْقَاْضِيْ
Apparent Short A
فَتْحَةٌ
ظَاْهِرَةٌ
'an-nasb(u)
الْنَّصْبُ
'al-qaadiy(a)
الْقَاْضِيَ
Estimated Short I
كَسْرَةٌ
مُقَدَّرَةٌ
'al-jarr(u)
الْجَرُّ
'al-qaadee
الْقَاْضِيْ
Case-Endings of Nouns in the Definite State
Noun
Nominative
Accusative
Genitive
R
E
G
U
L
A
R
Singular
-u
-a
-i
Dual
-aan
-ayn
-ayn
Masculine Plural
-oon
-een
-een
Feminine
Plural
-u
-i
-i
Irregular Plural
-u
-a
-i
I
R
R
E
G
U
L
A
R
Shortened
---
---
---
Extended
-u
-a
-i
Defective
---
-a
---
See here for
case-endings of nouns in the indefinite state.
See here for
case-endings of nouns in the construct state.
There are two categories of words in Arabic
that take case-signs other than what has been mentioned on this page:
