Armenians in France
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| Notable French Armenians: André Manoukian · Édouard Balladur · Alain Prost · François Berléand · Charles Aznavour · Michael Vartan · Hélène Ségara Nicolas Prost · Sylvie Vartan · Patrick Devedjian |
| Total population |
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| 500,000 |
| Regions with significant populations |
| Found in Paris, Lyon, Marseille and Valence |
| Languages |
| Religion |
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predominantly Armenian Apostolic Church, with Armenian Catholic Church and Protestant minorities. |
| Related ethnic groups |
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Armenian people, Russian Armenian, Armenian American, Armenians in Lebanon, Canadian Armenian, Argentine Armenian, Armenians in Syria |
Armenians in France are ethnic Armenians living within the modern republic of France. Like much of the Armenian Diaspora, most Armenians immigrated to France after the Armenian Genocide of 1915–1923. Others came later, fleeing conflicts in places like Lebanon, Syria, Egypt and Iran. More recently there is an influx of immigrants from the Republic of Armenia.
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[edit] Distribution
The estimation of the number of Armenians in France varies. But most put it ap to around 500,000. According to ArmeniaDiaspora.com there are 400,000 Armenians living in France. [1] Areas of Armenian concentration include Paris (200,000), Lyon (100,000), Marseille (80,000) and Valence (up to 10,000). [1]
[edit] Earlier times
An Armenian-style church at Germigny-des-Prés south of Pithiviers on the River Loire, lost like a lonely jewel in the depths of France, is one of the examples of early contacts between the French and Armenian people dating back to between the 10th and 12th centuries.
Religious contacts were established during this period and these are documented in the country’s oldest historical records. The French were in no doubt, even way back, that Armenians would play an important role in the future.
The Crusaders were a glorious turning point. Political and commercial links flourished between the French and Armenians. First of all there were blood ties, stretching right up to almost the royal palaces. The last Regent of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia , Leon VI of Lusignan, of French stock, died in 1393 in Paris and was buried at the Saint Denis Basilica just to the north of the French capital. After that, Cardinal Richelieu and Colbert helped the Armenians set up trading posts.
[edit] 20th-21st century
History was to gather pace and the skies were to darken. The era of the Genocide dawned, the French sometimes present, and sometimes not. After the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923, the French authorities needed workers. The Armenian refugees and orphans crammed into Turkey, Egypt and Lebanon, arrived by the boatloads to Marseilles and journeyed to the mines and factories around Marseilles, Valence, Grenoble, Lyons and Paris. There, a quarter of a million Armenians settled down into tight little communities of between 2,000 and 4,000 people. The foundations of theArmenian community in France had been set.
The Armenian immigrants who arrived between 1920-30 fought and died for France on the battlefields of World War II and in the Resistance during the occupation by Nazi Germany. They paid the price for their assimilation and integration.
French-Armenian ties were preserved and consolidated over the years. Thousands of new immigrants who arrived after the troubles in Turkey (in 1956), Lebanon (in 1975) and Iran (in 1979) comprised the next wave of immigration. Today, many youngsters who are the product of this movement are completing their studies in France, setting up Armenian households and sending their children to Armenian language schools.
Today, Armenian classes are organized in many localities with full bilingual kindergartens and primary schools near Paris and Marseilles attended by several thousand children and youths. Armenian is currently a valid option counting toward the Baccalaureate, the French High School certificate.
In 1983, the bloody attack at the Paris Orly airport, blamed on a badly divided Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA), raised a public outcry. Unlike the Orly attack, the occupation of the Turkish Consulate in Paris in 1981 was enthusiastically supported by young and old, and by all shades of public opinion.
The campaign to pass the resolution condemning the Armenian Genocide at the European Council unleashed on June 19, 1987 at a Strasbourg demonstration.
The earthquake on December 7, 1988 in Armenia and the huge mobilization of the French Armenian community in aid of the victims served not only to underline how numerous they were, but also proved that contrary to what was thought, they did care. The exhaustive effort made by French Armenians to provide humanitarian and logistical aid to the quake victims was probably unprecedented.
[edit] Religion
The majority of the Armenian French population is of the Armenian Apostolic (Orthodox) faith and belong to the See of Holy Echmiadzin of the Armenian Apostolic Church, with a minority belonging to the Armenian Catholic faith belonging to the Armenian Catholic Church. Fewer numbers are Armenian Evangelicals.
The Armenian Apostolic Orthodox Churches (in French Eglise Apostolique Arménienne) in France: In the Île-de-France region:
- Cathédrale Apostolique Arménienne St. Jean-Baptiste (Paris)
- Eglise Apostolique Arménienne St. Grégoire l'Illuminateur (Chaville)
- Eglise Apostolique Arménienne Ste. Mère de Dieu (Issy-les-Moulineaux)
- Eglise Apostolique Arménienne St. Pierre et St. Paul (Alfortville)
- Eglise Apostolique Arménienne St. Croix de Varak (Arnouville-Lès-Gonesse)
In Lyon and the Rhône-Alpes region
- Cathédrale Apostolique Arménienne St. Jacques (Lyon)
- Eglise Apostolique Arménienne Ste. Mère de Dieu (Décines)
- Eglise Apostolique Arménienne St. Grégoire l'Illuminateur (St. Etienne)
- Eglise Apostolique Arménienne St. Nichan (Charvieu-Chavagneux)
- Eglise Apostolique Arménienne St. Sahak (Valence)
- Eglise Apostolique Arménienne St. Grégoire l'Illuminateur (Valence)
- Eglise Apostolique Arménienne (Grenoble)
- Eglise Apostolique Arménienne St. Nicolas (Romans)
- Eglise Apostolique Arménienne (Vienne)
In Marseille the Sud (South) regions:
- Cathédrale Apostolique Arménienne Saint-Sahak et Saint-Mesrob Serpotz Tarkmantchaz (Saints traducteurs) (Marseille)
- Eglise Apostolique Arménienne St. Grégoire l'Illuminateur (Beaumont, Marseille)
- Eglise Apostolique Arménienne Ste. Mère de Dieu (Ste. Marguerite, Marseille)
- Eglise Apostolique Arménienne St. Sahak et St. Mesrob (St. Jérôme, Marseille)
- Eglise Apostolique Arménienne St. Garabed (St. Antoine, Marseille)
- Eglise Apostolique Arménienne St. Thaddée et St. Barthélémy (St. Antoine, Marseille)
- Eglise Apostolique Arménienne St. Jacques (Marseille)
- Eglise Apostolique Arménienne St. Kévork (St. Loup, Marseille)
- Eglise Apostolique Arménienne St. Sauveur (La Ciotat)
- Eglise Apostolique Arménienne Ste. Mère de Dieu (Nice)
- Eglise Apostolique Arménienne St. Jean (Saint-Raphaël)
- Eglise Apostolique Arménienne St. Vartan (Avignon)
The Armenian Catholic Church (Eglise Armenienne Catholique) has these churches:
- Cathédrale Sainte-Croix de Paris des Arméniens Catholiques de France (Paris)
- Eglise Armenienne Catholique Saint Grégoire l'Illuminateur (Arnouville-Lès-Gonesse)
- Eglise Armenienne Catholique (Lyon)
- Eglise Armenienne Catholique Saint Grégoire l'Illuminateur (Marseille)
- Eglise Armenienne Catholique Saint Nerses Shnorhali (Saint Chamond)
- Eglise Armenienne Catholique (Valence)
The Armenian Evangelical group of churches includes churches three churches in Marseille, a church in Paris, also in Issy-les-Moulineaux, La Ciotat, Alfortville, Arnouville-Lès-Gonesse, Bourg-Lès-Valence, Décines, Lyons, Montélimar and Pont d’Aubenas
[edit] Institutions
A lot has changed since the first Armenians arrived in France. They have rapidly become an extremely dynamic economic, social and intellectual component of French society.
The Armenian General Benevolent Union, established in 1906, and its founder Boghos Nubar moved in 1921 to Paris, the diplomatic and political hub of the Armenian Question. AGBU chapters were set up in Paris, Lyon, Valence, Marseilles and Nice.
The Armenian Social Aid Association, operating Armenian retirement homes, was founded before this period and is unique to France. National institutions, and first and foremost the Armenian Church of Paris founded in 1905, were very soon to co-exist in Paris, playing a fundamental role in defending and protecting the refugees.
[edit] France and the Armenian Genocide
France is one of the countries that has recognized the Armenian Genocide.
Furthermore, in 2006, the French parliament submitted a bill to create a law that would punish any person denying the Armenian genocide with imprisonment up to 5 years and a fine of €45,000.[2] Despite Turkish protests, the French National Assembly adopted a bill making it a crime to deny that Armenians suffered genocide in 1915 at the hands of the Ottoman Turks.[3]
[edit] Renowned French Armenians
The various generation of Armenians coming to France or born in the country, provided many celebrities like the singer Charles Aznavour and the film director Henri Verneuil, both the sons of refugees, or later still, world Formula One driving champion Alain Prost, whose father was Armenian. Also, the composer Michel Legrand (mother Der Mikaelian), and the author, composer and reggae singer Charly B, grand grand son of refugees.
Armenian refugees were also prominent in the arts. Paris is full of faded memories of artists famous in their days, entertainers who graced the prestigious stages of the French capital. Alice Sapritch, Grégoire Aslan and Jacques Helian are only a few of them.
Jean-Claude Kebabdjian is the founder and director of the Centre de Recherches sur la Diaspora Arménienne. [4]
[edit] Media
[edit] Press
- Haratch (Armenian: Յառաջ) was an Armenian daily newspaper based in France. Haratch was founded in 1925 by Schavarch Missakian and stopped publication in May 2009. A new independent publication named "Nor Haratch" started publishing on October 27, 2009 on the basis of 2 issues per week.
- Nouvelles d'Arménie Magazine
- France-Arménie Magazine
[edit] Broadcasting
- AYP FM is a radio station operating in Paris and surrounding region (Ile-de-France).
- Radio Arménie is a radio station operating in Lyon and surrounding area.
- Radio Gayané is a radio station operating in France.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b ArmenianDiaspora.com - ARMENIAN POPULATION IN THE WORLD
- ^ (French) Proposition de loi complétant la loi n° 2001-70 du 29 janvier 2001 relative à la reconnaissance du génocide arménien de 1915, National Assembly of France, 12 April 2006
- ^ (French) legislative file of the French National Assembly; vote tally
- ^ AGBU - Jean-Claude Kebabdjian
[edit] External links
- Co-ordination Council of Armenian Organisations of France (CCAF)
- FRA Dachnaksoutioun - France
- Nor Seround - Armenian Youth Federation (AYF) - France
- Armenian Youth in France (JAF)
- Armenian House of the Youth and the Culture - Marseille
- Armenian National Committee of France (ANC)
- The Armenian Heritage Center - Valence
- Research Association of the Armenian Memory - Marseille
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