From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
July 9 is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 175 days remaining until the end of the year.
[edit] Events
- 455 – Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
- 869 – A magnitude 8.6Ms earthquake and subsequent tsunami strikes the the area around Sendai in the northern part of Honshu, Japan.
- 1357 – Emperor Charles IV assists in laying the foundation stone of Charles Bridge in Prague.
- 1386 – The Old Swiss Confederacy makes great strides in establishing control over its territory by soundly defeating the Archduchy of Austria in the Battle of Sempach.
- 1540 – King Henry VIII of England annuls his marriage to his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves.
- 1572 – Nineteen Catholics suffer martyrdom for their beliefs in the Dutch town of Gorkum.
- 1701 – War of the Spanish Succession: Austrians defeat France in the Battle of Carpi.
- 1745 – War of the Austrian Succession: French victory in the Battle of Melle allows them to capture Ghent in the days after.
- 1755 – French and Indian War: Braddock Expedition – British troops and colonial militiamen are ambushed and suffer a devastating defeat by French and Native American forces.
- 1776 – George Washington ordered the Declaration of Independence to be read out loud to members of the Continental Army in New York City for the first time.
- 1789 – In Versailles, the National Assembly reconstitutes itself as the National Constituent Assembly and begins preparations for a French constitution.
- 1790 – Russo-Swedish War: Second Battle of Svensksund – in the Baltic Sea, the Swedish Navy captures one third of the Russian fleet.
- 1793 – The Act Against Slavery is passed in Upper Canada and the importation of slaves into Lower Canada is prohibited.
- 1807 – The Treaties of Tilsit are signed by Napoleon I of France and Alexander I of Russia.
- 1810 – Napoleon annexes the Kingdom of Holland as part of the First French Empire.
- 1811 – Explorer David Thompson posts a sign at the confluence of the Columbia and Snake Rivers (in modern Washington state, US), claiming the land for the United Kingdom.
- 1815 – Talleyrand becomes the first Prime Minister of France.
- 1816 – Argentina declares independence from Spain.
- 1821 – 470 prominent Cypriots including Archbishop Kyprianos are executed in response to Cypriot aid to the Greek War of Independence
- 1850 – U.S. President Zachary Taylor dies and Millard Fillmore becomes the 13th President of the United States.
- 1850 – The Persian prophet Báb is executed in Tabriz, Persia.
- 1863 – American Civil War: the Siege of Port Hudson ends.
- 1868 – The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified guaranteeing African Americans full citizenship and all persons in the United States due process of law.
- 1875 – Outbreak of the Herzegovina Uprising against Ottoman rule, which would last until 1878 and have far-reaching implications throughout the Balkans
- 1877 – The inaugural Wimbledon Championships opens.
- 1900 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom gives royal assent to an Act creating the Commonwealth of Australia thus uniting separate colonies on the continent under one federal government.
- 1900 – Boxer Rebellion: The Governor of Shanxi province in North China orders the execution of 45 foreign Christian missionaries and local church members, including children.
- 1918 – Great train wreck of 1918: in Nashville, Tennessee, an inbound local train collides with an outbound express killing 101 and injuring 171 people, making it the deadliest rail accident in United States history.
- 1922 – Johnny Weissmuller swims the 100 meters freestyle in 58.6 seconds breaking the world swimming record and the 'minute barrier'.
- 1932 – The state of São Paulo revolts against the Brazilian Federal Government, starting the Constitutionalist Revolution
- 1943 – World War II: Operation Husky – Allied forces perform an amphibious invasion of Sicily.
- 1944 – World War II: Battle of Normandy – British and Canadian forces capture Caen, France.
- 1944 – World War II: Battle of Saipan – American forces take Saipan in the Mariana Islands.
- 1944 – World War II: Battle of Tali-Ihantala – Finland wins the Battle of Tali-Ihantala, the largest battle ever fought in northern Europe. The Red Army withdraws its troops from Ihantala and digs into defensive position, thus ending the Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive.
- 1955 – The Russell-Einstein Manifesto is released by Bertrand Russell in London.
- 1958 – Lituya Bay is hit by a mega-tsunami. The wave is recorded at 524 meters high, the largest in recorded history.
- 1961 – Turkish voters approve the Turkish Constitution of 1961 in a referendum.
- 1962 – The Starfish Prime high-altitude nuclear test is conducted by the United States of America.
- 1962 – Andy Warhol's Campbell's Soup Cans exhibition opens at the Ferus Gallery in Los Angeles.
- 1972 – The Troubles: In Belfast, British Army snipers shoot five civilians dead in the Springhill Massacre.
- 1979 – A car bomb destroys a Renault motor car owned by famed "Nazi hunters" Serge and Beate Klarsfeld at their home in France. A note purportedly from ODESSA claims responsibility.
- 1982 – Pan Am Flight 759 crashes in Kenner, Louisiana killing all 145 people on board and eight others on the ground.
- 1986 – The New Zealand Parliament passes the Homosexual Law Reform Act legalising homosexuality in New Zealand.
- 1995 – The Navaly church bombing is carried out by the Sri Lankan Air Force killing 125 Tamil civilian refugees.
- 1999 – Days of student protests begin after Iranian police and hardliners attack a student dormitory at the University of Tehran.
- 2006 – At least 122 people are killed after a Sibir Airlines Airbus A310 passenger jet, carrying 200 passengers veers off the runway while landing in wet conditions at Irkutsk Airport in Siberia.
- 2011 – South Sudan gains independence and secedes from Sudan.
- 2011 – Supporters of Malaysia's Coalition of Clean and Fair Elections demonstrate peacefully on the streets of Kuala Lumpur to protest against electoral injustice in Malaysia and meet with massive roadblocks, raids, and arrests, and tear gas and chemical-laced water cannon use.
[edit] Births
- 1511 – Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg, wife of Christian III of Denmark (d. 1571)
- 1577 – Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, English-born Jamestown colonist (d. 1618)
- 1578 – Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1637)
- 1654 – Emperor Reigen of Japan (d. 1732)
- 1686 – Philip Livingston, American politician (d. 1749)
- 1689 – Alexis Piron, French epigrammatist and dramatist (d. 1773)
- 1721 – Johann Nikolaus Götz, German poet (d. 1781)
- 1753 – William Waldegrave, 1st Baron Radstock, English territorial governor (d. 1825)
- 1764 – Ann Radcliffe, English novelist (d. 1823)
- 1775 – Matthew Lewis, English novelist (d. 1818)
- 1786 – Princess Sophie Hélène Béatrice of France, daughter of Louis XVI of France and Marie Antoinette (d. 1787)
- 1800 – Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle, German physician (d. 1885)
- 1808 – Alexander William Doniphan, American lawyer and soldier (d. 1887)
- 1819 – Elias Howe, American inventor (d. 1867)
- 1828 – Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano, Italian Catholic churchman (d. 1913)
- 1834 – Jan Neruda, Czech poet (d. 1891)
- 1836 – Camille of Renesse-Breidbach, Belgian nobleman and entrepreneur (d. 1904)
- 1848 – Robert I, Duke of Parma, Italian nobleman (d. 1907)
- 1858 – Franz Boas, German anthropologist (d. 1942)
- 1879 – Ottorino Respighi, Italian composer (d. 1936)
- 1879 – Carlos Chagas, Brazilian physician (d. 1934)
- 1889 – Leo Dandurand, American-born Canadian hockey executive (d. 1964)
- 1893 – George Geary, English cricketer (d. 1981)
- 1894 – Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1984)
- 1896 – Maria Gomes Valentim, Brazilian supercentenarian (d. 2011)
- 1901 – Dame Barbara Cartland, English novelist (d. 2000)
- 1901 – Konstantinos Kallias, Greek politician (d. 2004)
- 1905 – Clarence Campbell, Canadian hockey executive (d. 1984)
- 1908 – Allama Rasheed Turabi, Pakistani scholar, orator and philosopher (d. 1973)
- 1911 – Mervyn Peake, British writer and illustrator (d. 1968)
- 1911 – John A. Wheeler, American physicist (d. 2008)
- 1915 – David Diamond, American composer (d. 2005)
- 1916 – Sir Dean Goffin, New Zealand composer (d. 1984)
- 1916 – Edward Heath, British statesman (d. 2005)
- 1918 – Jarl Wahlström, Finnish 12th General of The Salvation Army (d. 1999)
- 1925 – Guru Dutt, Indian filmmaker and actor (d. 1964)
- 1925 – Charles E. Wicks, American academic
- 1926 – Ben Roy Mottelson, American-born physicist; Nobel laureate
- 1927 – Ed Ames, American singer and actor
- 1927 – Susan Cabot, American actress (d. 1986)
- 1927 – Red Kelly, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1928 – Federico Bahamontes, Spanish cyclist
- 1928 – Vince Edwards, American actor (d. 1996)
- 1929 – King Hassan II of Morocco (d. 1999)
- 1929 – Lee Hazlewood, American country singer, songwriter and producer (d. 2007)
- 1929 – Jesse McReynolds, American singer and mandolinist
- 1930 – Buddy Bregman, American musical arranger and conductor
- 1930 – Roy McLean, South African cricketer (d. 2007)
- 1932 – Donald Rumsfeld, 13th and 21st United States Secretary of Defense
- 1933 – Oliver Sacks, British neurologist and author
- 1934 – Michael Graves, American architect
- 1935 – Wim Duisenberg, Dutch economist and politician (d. 2005)
- 1935 – Michael Williams, English actor (d. 2001)
- 1936 – Floyd Abrams, American attorney and advocate
- 1936 – June Jordan, American poet, writer and teacher (d. 2002)
- 1936 – André Pronovost, French-Canadian ice hockey player
- 1936 – Richard Wilson, Scottish actor and director
- 1937 – David Hockney, English painter, draughtsman, printmaker, stage designer and photographer
- 1938 – Sanjeev Kumar, Indian actor (d.1985)
- 1938 – Brian Dennehy, American actor
- 1940 – Eugene Victor Wolfenstein, American political scientist (d. 2010)
- 1942 – Richard Roundtree, American actor
- 1942 – Edy Williams, American actress
- 1943 – John Casper, American astronaut
- 1945 – Dean R. Koontz, American novelist
- 1945 – Root Boy Slim, American entertainer (d. 1993)
- 1946 – Natasha Pyne, English actress
- 1946 – Bon Scott, Australian singer (AC/DC) (d. 1980)
- 1946 – Gerhard Kramm American atmospheric scientist
- 1947 – Haruomi Hosono, Japanese bassist (Yellow Magic Orchestra)
- 1947 – Mitch Mitchell, English drummer (Jimi Hendrix Experience) (d. 2008)
- 1947 – O.J. Simpson, American football player and actor
- 1948 – Hassan Wirajuda, Indonesian politician
- 1949 – Jesse Duplantis, American evangelist and author
- 1950 – Viktor Yanukovych, Ukrainian politician
- 1951 – Chris Cooper, American actor
- 1952 – John Tesh, American composer
- 1953 – Margie Gillis, Canadian dancer and choreographer
- 1953 – Thomas Ligotti, American writer
- 1955 – Steve Coppell, English footballer and manager
- 1955 – Fred Norris, American radio personality
- 1955 – Jimmy Smits, American actor
- 1955 – Willie Wilson, American baseball player
- 1955 – Lindsey Graham, American politician
- 1956 – Tom Hanks, American actor
- 1957 – Tim Kring, American writer and producer
- 1957 – Marc Almond, British singer
- 1957 – Kelly McGillis, American actress
- 1957 – Paul Merton, British comedian
- 1957 – Jim Paxson, American basketball player
- 1959 – Jim Kerr, Scottish singer (Simple Minds)
- 1959 – Kevin Nash, American pro wrestler
- 1959 – Clive Stafford Smith, British lawyer
- 1960 – Marc Mero, American pro wrestler
- 1963 – Klaus Theiss, German footballer
- 1964 – Courtney Love, American singer and guitarist (Hole) and actress
- 1964 – Gianluca Vialli, Italian football player and coach
- 1965 – Frank Bello, American bassist (Anthrax)
- 1965 – Thomas Jahn, German actor and director
- 1965 – David O'Hara, Scottish actor
- 1965 – Jason Rhoades, American installation artist (d. 2006)
- 1966 – Pamela Adlon, American voice actress
- 1967 – Gunnar Axén, Swedish politician
- 1967 – Mark Stoops, American football coach
- 1968 – Paolo Di Canio, Italian football player
- 1968 – Lars Gyllenhaal, Swedish historian
- 1969 – Jason Kearton, Australian footballer
- 1969 – Mark Lui, Hong Kong composer and producer
- 1970 – Dani Behr, English model and TV presenter
- 1970 – Trent Green, American football player
- 1970 – Masami Tsuda, Japanese manga author
- 1971 – Marc Andreessen, American software developer
- 1971 – Scott Grimes, American voice actor (American Dad!)
- 1973 – Kelly Holcomb, American football player
- 1973 – Enrique Murciano, American actor
- 1974 – Sian Berry, British politician
- 1974 – Gary Kelly, Irish football player
- 1974 – Nikola Sarcevic, Swedish bassist and singer (Millencolin)
- 1974 – Tsuyoshi Kusanagi, Japanese actor & singer (SMAP)
- 1975 – Shelton Benjamin, American pro wrestler
- 1975 – Isaac Brock, American singer and musician (Modest Mouse, Ugly Casanova)
- 1975 – Craig Quinnell, Welsh rugby player
- 1975 – Jack White, American vocalist and musician (The White Stripes)
- 1976 – Christos Harisis, Greek basketball player
- 1976 – Fred Savage, American actor
- 1976 – Jochem Uytdehaage, Dutch speed skater
- 1978 – Kara Goucher, American long distance runner
- 1978 – Linda Park, American (Korean-born) actress
- 1978 – Mark Medlock, German singer
- 1978 – Nuno Santos, Portuguese footballer
- 1979 – Ella Koon, Hong Kong singer and actress
- 1979 – Suzanne Stokes, American model
- 1981 – Kimveer Gill, Canadian spree shooter (Dawson College shooting) (d. 2006)
- 1982 – Ashly DelGrosso, American ballroom dancer
- 1982 – Alecko Eskandarian, American footballer
- 1982 – Toby Kebbell, English actor
- 1982 – Maggie Ma, Canadian actress
- 1982 – Sakon Yamamoto, Japanese racing driver
- 1983 – Lucia Micarelli, American violinist (Jethro Tull)
- 1984 – Gianni Fabiano, Italian footballer
- 1984 – Jacob Hoggard, Canadian singer (Hedley)
- 1985 – Paweł Korzeniowski, Polish swimmer
- 1985 – Ashley Young, English footballer
- 1986 – Dominic Cervi, American footballer
- 1986 – Simon Dumont, American freestyle skier
- 1986 – Kiely Williams, American singer and actress
- 1990 – Fábio Pereira da Silva, Brazilian footballer
- 1990 – Adiona Pirro Llukmani , Albanian logopedist
- 1991 – Spencer Elden, American model
- 1991 – Mitchel Musso, American actor
- 1993 – Jake Vargas, Filipino actor
- 1995 – Georgie Henley, English actress
[edit] Deaths
- 518 – Anastasius I, Byzantine Emperor (b. 430)
- 1228 – Stephen Langton, English clergyman, Archbishop of Canterbury (b.c. 1150)
- 1386 – Duke Leopold III of Austria (b. 1351)
- 1553 – Maurice, Elector of Saxony (b. 1521)
- 1654 – Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans (b. 1633)
- 1706 – Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, French-Canadian sailor and explorer (b. 1661)
- 1737 – Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1671)
- 1742 – John Oldmixon, English historian (b. 1673)
- 1746 – King Philip V of Spain (b. 1683)
- 1747 – Giovanni Bononcini, Italian composer (b. 1670)
- 1756 – Pieter Langendijk, Dutch dramatist and poet (b. 1683); other date proposed is July 18 (see)
- 1766 – Jonathan Mayhew, American minister (b. 1720)
- 1771 – Michail Baknanas, Greek trader (birth year unknown)
- 1795 – Henry Seymour Conway, British general and statesman (b. 1721)
- 1797 – Edmund Burke, British philosopher and statesman (b. 1729)
- 1850 – Báb, Persian founder of Bábism (b. 1819)
- 1850 – Zachary Taylor, 12th President of the United States (b. 1784)
- 1852 – Thomas McKean Thompson McKennan, American politician (b. 1794)
- 1855 – FitzRoy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan, British military officer (b. 1788)
- 1856 – Amedeo Avogadro, Italian chemist (b. 1776)
- 1856 – James Strang, American religious figure (b. 1813)
- 1880 – Paul Broca, French physician and anatomist (b. 1824)
- 1882 – Ignacio Carrera Pinto, Chilean war hero(b. 1848)
- 1903 – Alphonse Francois Renard, Belgian geologist (b. 1842)
- 1927 – John Drew Jr., American actor (b. 1853)
- 1932 – King C. Gillette, American inventor (b. 1855)
- 1937 – Oliver Law, American military officer (b. 1899)
- 1938 – Benjamin Cardozo, American jurist (b. 1870)
- 1947 – Lucjan Żeligowski, Polish general (b. 1865)
- 1949 – Fritz Hart, English-born Australian composer (b. 1874)
- 1951 – Harry Heilmann, American baseball player (b. 1894)
- 1955 – Don Beauman, British racing driver (b. 1928)
- 1967 – Eugen Fischer, German physician (b. 1874)
- 1972 – Robert Weede, American baritone (b. 1903)
- 1974 – Earl Warren, American jurist (b. 1891)
- 1977 – Alice Paul, American suffragist figure (b. 1885)
- 1979 – Cornelia Otis Skinner, American actress and author (b. 1899)
- 1980 – Vinicius de Moraes, Brazilian poet and lyricist (b. 1913)
- 1983 – Keith Wickenden, British politician (b. 1932)
- 1985 – Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (b. 1896)
- 1985 – Jimmy Kinnon, Scottish-born American founder of Narcotics Anonymous (b. 1911)
- 1986 – Nicholas VI, Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria (b. 1915)
- 1992 – Kelvin Coe, Australian ballet dancer (b. 1946)
- 1992 – Eric Sevareid, American reporter (b. 1912)
- 1994 – Bill Mosienko, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1921)
- 1996 – Melvin Belli, American attorney (b. 1907)
- 1999 – Robert de Cotret, Canadian politician (b. 1944)
- 2000 – Doug Fisher, English actor (b. 1941)
- 2002 – Laurence Janifer, American writer (b. 1933)
- 2002 – Rod Steiger, American actor (b. 1925)
- 2004 – Paul Klebnikov, American journalist (b. 1963)
- 2004 – Isabel Sanford, American actress (b. 1917)
- 2004 – Riley Dobi Noel, American convicted murderer (b. 1972)
- 2005 – Chuck Cadman, Canadian politician (b. 1948)
- 2005 – Yevgenij Grishin, Russian speed skater (b. 1931)
- 2005 – Alex Shibicky, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1914)
- 2005 – Kevin Hagen, American actor (b. 1928)
- 2006 – Milan Williams, American keyboardist (The Commodores) (b. 1948)
- 2007 – Charles Lane, American actor (b. 1905)
- 2008 – Séamus Brennan, Irish politician (b. 1948)
- 2010 – Jessica Anderson, Australian novelist (b. 1916)
- 2011 – Facundo Cabral, Argentine musician (b. 1937)
[edit] Holidays and observances
[edit] External links
