1942

**1942 in other calendars**
Gregorian calendar	1942; MCMXLII
Ab urbe condita	2695
Armenian calendar	1391; ԹՎ ՌՅՂԱ
Bahá'í calendar	98 – 99
Bengali calendar	1349
Berber calendar	2892
British Regnal year	6 Geo. 6 – 7 Geo. 6
Buddhist calendar	2486
Burmese calendar	1304
Byzantine calendar	7450 – 7451
Chinese calendar	辛巳年十一月十五日; (4578/4638-11-15) — to — 壬午年十一月廿四日; (4579/4639-11-24)
Coptic calendar	1658 – 1659
Ethiopian calendar	1934 – 1935
Hebrew calendar	5702 – 5703
Hindu calendars
- Bikram Samwat	1998 – 1999
- Shaka Samvat	1864 – 1865
- Kali Yuga	5043 – 5044
Holocene calendar	11942
Iranian calendar	1320 – 1321
Islamic calendar	1360 – 1361
Japanese calendar	Shōwa 17; (昭和17年)
Korean calendar	4275
Thai solar calendar	2485
	v · d · e

	1942 by topic:
	Subject
	Archaeology – Architecture – Art – Aviation – Awards – Comics – Film – Literature (Poetry) – Meteorology – Music (Country) – Rail transport – Radio – Science – Sports – Television
	By country
	Australia – Canada – China – Ecuador – France – Germany – Greece – India – Ireland – Italy – Japan – Malaya – Mexico – New Zealand – Norway – Palestine Mandate – Philippines – Singapore – South Africa– Soviet Union – UK – USA
	Leaders
	Sovereign states – State leaders – Religious leaders – Law
	Birth and death categories
	Births – Deaths
	Establishments and disestablishments categories
	Establishments – Disestablishments
	Works and introductions categories
	Works – Introductions
	v · d · e

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	19th century – 20th century – 21st century
Decades:	1910s 1920s 1930s – 1940s – 1950s 1960s 1970s
Years:	1939 1940 1941 – 1942 – 1943 1944 1945

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This article is about the year 1942. For other uses, see 1942 (disambiguation).

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1942

Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar.

[edit] Events

Below, events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.

[edit] January

January 1 – WWII: The United States and Philippines troops fight the Battle of Bataan.
January 2 – WWII: Manila is captured by Japanese forces.
January 7 – WWII: The siege of the Bataan Peninsula begins.
January 10 – WWII: The last German air-raid on Liverpool destroys the home of William Patrick Hitler, Adolf Hitler's nephew. After his house is destroyed, William Hitler goes to the USA and joins the navy to fight against his uncle.
January 11 – WWII:
- Japan declares war on the Netherlands and invades the Netherlands East Indies.
- The Japanese capture Kuala Lumpur.
January 13
- Sikorsky R-4 first flies, in the USA; it will become the first mass-produced helicopter.
- Heinkel test pilot Helmut Schenk becomes the first person to escape from a stricken aircraft with an ejection seat.
January 16 – Actress Carole Lombard and her mother are among those killed in a plane crash near Las Vegas, Nevada, while returning from a tour to promote the sale of war bonds.
January 19 – WWII: Japanese forces invade Burma. Establishment of United States VIII Bomber Command, later to become the Eighth Air Force in Savannah, Georgia.
January 20 – WWII: Nazis at the Wannsee conference in Berlin decide that the "final solution to the Jewish problem" is relocation, and later extermination.
January 21 – WWII: Erwin Rommel launches his new offensive in Cyrenaica.
January 23 – WWII: The Battle of Rabaul begins.
January 25 – WWII: Thailand declares war on the United States and United Kingdom.
January 26 – WWII: The first American forces arrive in Europe, landing in Northern Ireland.
January 31 – WWII: The last organized Allied forces leave Malaya, ending the 54-day campaign.

[edit] February

February 1 – WWII: The Command staff of the Eighth Air Force reaches England
February 2 – WWII: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signs an executive order directing the internment of Japanese Americans and the seizure of their property.
February 3 – WWII: Rommel suspends his offensive in Cyrenaica.
February 7 – Maritime Commission fleet operations transferred to War Shipping Administration (lasting until September 1, 1946).
February 8
- António Óscar Carmona is elected president of Portugal.
- WWII: Top United States military leaders hold their first formal meeting to discuss American military strategy in the war.
- Daylight saving time goes into effect in the United States.
February 9
- Post of Chief of the Air Force Staff created.
- The SS Normandie Ocean Liner catches fire while being converted into the troopship USS Lafayette for WWII.
February 10 – In the early hours of the morning the SS Normandie capsizes at pier 88 in New York City.
February 11 – Operation Cerberus A flotilla of Kriegsmarine ships dash from Brest through the English Channel to northern ports; the British fail to sink any one of them.
February 15 – WWII: Singapore surrenders to Japanese forces.
February 19 – WWII:
- Japanese warplanes attack Darwin, Australia.
- President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs executive order 9066 allowing the United States military to define areas as exclusionary zones. These zones affect the Japanese on the West Coast, and Germans and Italians primarily on the East Coast.
February 20 – Lieutenant Edward O'Hare becomes America's first U.S. Navy WWII flying ace.
February 22 – WWII: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt orders General Douglas MacArthur out of the Philippines as American defense of the nation collapses.
February 23 – The Japanese submarine I-17 fires 17 high-explosive shells toward an oil refinery near Santa Barbara, California, causing little damage.
February 24 – The SS Struma, carrying Jewish refugees from Axis-allied Romania to British-controlled Palestine, is torpedoed and sunk by the Soviet submarine Shch 213, killing 768 men, women and children, with only one survivor, a 19 year old man, making it the largest exclusively civilian naval disaster of the war.^[1]
February 24 – Propaganda: The Voice of America begins broadcasting.
February 25 – The Princess Elizabeth registers for war service.
February 25 – Battle of Los Angeles: Over 1,400 AA shells are fired at an unidentified, slow-moving object in the skies over Los Angeles. The appearance of the object triggers an immediate wartime blackout over most of Southern California, with thousands of air raid wardens being deployed throughout the city. In total there are 6 deaths. Despite the several hour barrage no planes are downed.
February 26
- The worst coal dust explosion to date, in Honkeiko, China, claims 1,549 lives.
- The 14th Academy Awards ceremony is held in Los Angeles; How Green Was My Valley wins Best Picture.
February 27 – WWII – Battle of the Java Sea: An allied (ABDA) task force under Dutch command, trying to stem a Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies, is defeated by a Japanese task force in the Java Sea.

[edit] March

March – Construction begins on the Badger Army Ammunition Plant (the largest in the United States during WWII).
March 9 – WWII: Executive order 9082 (February 28, 1942) reorganizes the United States Army into three major commands: Army Ground Forces, Army Air Forces, and Services of Supply, later redesignated Army Service Forces.
March 17 – Holocaust: the Nazi German extermination camp Bełżec opens in occupied Poland about 1 km south of the local railroad station of Bełżec in the Lublin district of the General Government. Between March and December 1942, at least 434,508 people are killed there.
March 16 – WWII: New Zealand and Australia declared war on Thailand.
March 18 – War Relocation Authority (WRA)
March 28 – WWII: Operation Chariot - British Commandos raid St. Nazaire on the coast of Western France.

[edit] April

Spring 1942: the Nazi German extermination camp Treblinka II opens in occupied Poland near the village of Treblinka

April – Holocaust: the Nazi German extermination camp Sobibor opens in occupied Poland on the outskirts of the town of Sobibór. Between April 1942 and October 1943, at least 160,000 people are killed in the camp.
Spring – Holocaust: the Nazi German extermination camp Treblinka II opens in occupied Poland near the village of Treblinka. Between July 1942 and October 1943, around 850,000 people were killed there,^[2] more than 800,000 of whom were Jews.^[3]
April 3 – WWII: Japanese forces begin an all-out assault on the United States and Filipino troops on the Bataan Peninsula.
April 5 – WWII: the Japanese Navy attacks Colombo in Ceylon (Sri Lanka). Royal Navy Cruisers HMS Cornwall and HMS Dorsetshire are sunk southwest of the island.
April 9
- The Bataan Peninsula falls and the Bataan Death March began.
- WWII: The Japanese Navy launches an air raid on Trincomalee in Ceylon (Sri Lanka); the Royal Navy aircraft carrier HMS Hermes and Royal Australian Navy destroyer HMAS Vampire are sunk off the country's East Coast.
April 13 – The FCC's minimum programming time required of TV stations is cut from 15 hours to 4 hours a week during the war.
April 15 – WWII: King George VI awards the George Cross to Malta, saying, "To honour her brave people I award the George Cross to the Island Fortress of Malta, to bear witness to a heroism and a devotion that will long be famous in history (from January 1 to July 24, there is only one 24-hour period during which no bombs fall on this tiny island)."
April 18 – Tokyo, Japan is attacked by the Doolittle Raid, a small force of B-25 Mitchells commanded by then-Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle.
April 23 – William Temple (archbishop) enthroned Archbishop of Canterbury.
April 27 – WWII: A national plebiscite is held in Canada on the issue of conscription.
April 27 – The Jewish Star of David is required wearing for all Jews in the Netherlands and Belgium. Other Jews in Nazi countries had been wearing it for longer.
April 29 – WWII: An explosion at a chemical factory in Tessenderlo, Belgium leaves 200 dead and 1,000 injured.

[edit] May

May – The first undersea oil pipeline is tested in Operation Pluto.
May 5 – WWII – Operation Ironclad: United Kingdom forces invade the French colony of Madagascar.
May 6 – WWII: On Corregidor, the last American and Filipino forces in the Philippines surrender to the Japanese.
May 8 – WWII: The Battle of the Coral Sea (first battle in naval history where 2 enemy fleets fight without seeing each other's fleets) ends in an Allied victory.
May 8/May 9 – WWII: At night, gunners of the Ceylon Garrison Artillery on Horsburgh Island in the Cocos Islands rebel. Their mutiny is crushed and 3 of them executed (the only British Commonwealth soldiers to be executed for mutiny during the Second World War).
May 12 – WWII – Second Battle of Kharkov: In the eastern Ukraine, the Soviet Army initiates a major offensive. During the battle the Soviets capture the city of Kharkov from the German Army, only to be encircled and destroyed.
May 14 – Aaron Copland's Lincoln Portrait is performed for the first time by the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra.
May 15 – WWII: In the United States, a bill creating the Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) is signed into law.
May 20 – The first African-American seamen are taken into the United States Navy.
May 21 – WWII: Mexico declares war against Nazi Germany after the sinking of the Mexican tanker Faja de Oro by the German U-boat, U-160, off Key West.
May 26 – WWII – Battle of Bir Hakeim: The Free French and British troops slow the German advance in North Africa.
May 27 – WWII – Operation Anthropoid: Czech paratroopers attempt to assassinate Reinhard Heydrich in Prague.
May 31 – June 1 – WWII – Attack on Sydney Harbour: Japanese submarines infiltrate Sydney Harbour in an attempt to attack Allied warships.

[edit] June

June 4: The Japanese aircraft carrier, Hiryū under attack by US aircraft at the Battle of Midway.

June 1 – WWII: Mexico declares war on Germany, Italy and Japan.
June 4 – WWII: Reinhard Heydrich succumbs to wounds sustained on May 27 from Czechoslovakian paratroopers acting in Operation Anthropoid.
June 4–June 7 – WWII – The Battle of Midway: The Japanese naval advance in the Pacific is halted.
June 7 – WWII: Japanese forces invade the Aleutian Islands (the first invasion of American soil in 128 years).
June 8 – WWII: Attack on Sydney Harbour: The Australian cities of Sydney and Newcastle are shelled by Japanese submarines. The eastern suburbs of both cities are damaged and the east coast is blacked out.
June 9 – WWII: Nazis burn the Czech village of Lidice in reprisal for the killing of Reinhard Heydrich.
June 9 Flying Fortress Air Crash Near Auckland 12:30 a.m.
June 10 – WWII: The Gestapo massacres 173 male residents of Lidice, Czechoslovakia in retaliation for the killing of a Heydrich.
June 12 – Holocaust: On her 13th birthday, Anne Frank makes the first entry in her new diary.
June 13 – The United States opens its Office of War Information, a propaganda center.
June 29 – The German Eleventh Army under Erich von Manstein takes Sevastopol, although fighting rages until July 9.

[edit] July

July 1–July 27 – WWII: the First Battle of El Alamein.
July 3 – Guadalcanal, occupied only by aborigines falls to the Japanese Naval construction force deployed to construct an air field on the island.
July 4 – WWII in the European Theater of Operations:
- Twenty-four ships are sunk by German bombers and submarines after Convoy PQ 17 to the Soviet Union is scattered in the Arctic Ocean to evade the German battleship Tirpitz.
- US Eighth Air Force flies its first inauspicious mission in Europe using borrowed British planes. Three of six aircraft return.^[4]
July 6 – Holocaust: Anne Frank's family goes into hiding in an attic above her father's office in an Amsterdam warehouse.
July 8 – Turkish prime minister Refik Saydam died while working in office. For one day he is succeeded by Ahmet Fikri Tüzer
July 9 – Şükrü Saracoğlu forms the new government in Turkey. (13 th government)
July 13 – WWII: German U-Boats sink 3 more merchant ships in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
July 14 – WWII: Germany introduces the Ostvolk Medal for Soviet personnel in Wehrmacht
July 16
- Holocaust: By order of the Vichy France government headed by Pierre Laval, French police officers round-up 13,000–20,000 Jews and imprison them in the Winter Velodrome.
- Georges Bégué and others escape from the Mauzac prison camp.
July 18 – WWII: The Germans test fly the Messerschmitt Me 262 (using only its jets) for the first time.
July 19 – WWII – Battle of the Atlantic: German Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz orders the last U-boats to withdraw from their United States Atlantic coast positions, in response to an effective American convoy system.
July 21 – The Japanese establish a beachhead on the north coast of New Guinea in the Buna-Gona area; a small Australian force begins a rearguard action on the Kokoda Track Campaign.
July 22 – Holocaust: The systematic deportation of Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto begins.
July 29 – The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR institutes the Order of Suvorov, the Order of Kutuzov, and reinstates the Order of Alexander Nevsky.
July 30 – Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES).
July 31 – The Oxford Committee of Famine Relief (OXFAM) is founded.

[edit] August

August 7 – WWII: Battle of Guadalcanal begins – The U.S. Navy and the U.S. Marine Corps begin the first American offensive of the war with an amphibious landing on the island of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands.
August 8 – Walt Disney's animated film, Bambi premieres in United Kingdom.
August 9
- Indian leader, Mohandas Gandhi is arrested in Bombay by British forces.
- Start, led by the goalkeeper Nikolai Trusevich, play football against the German Luftwaffe team Flakelf in Nazi-occupied Kiev. Against all odds, they win 5–3. Eight of them are later arrested and tortured, and at least four are killed.
August 13
- WWII: In Washington, DC, six Germans would-be saboteurs are executed (Two others were cooperative and received sentences of life imprisonment instead. One was spared because of his quite young age: execution was considered to be too harsh for such a young man. The imprisoned ones were freed a few years after the end of the war.)
- Quit India resolution is passed by the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee (AICC), which led to the start of a historical civil disobedience movement across India.
August 14 night – In London, instruments detect a massive burst of cosmic rays.
August 15 – WWII: The American tanker SS Ohio reaches Malta as part of the convoy of Operation Pedestal.
August 16
- Polish-Jewish teacher Janusz Korczak follows a group of Jewish children into the Treblinka death camp.
- The U.S. Navy blimp L-8 (Flight 101) comes ashore near San Francisco, eventually coming down in Daly City (the crew is missing).
August 17 – WWII: First raid by heavy bombers of U.S. Eighth Air Force against occupied France.
August 19 – WWII – Dieppe Raid: Allied forces raid Dieppe, France.
August 22 – WWII: Brazil declares war on Germany and Italy.
August 23 – WWII: German troops reach the suburbs of Stalingrad.
August 25
- WWII: Japanese marines land at Milne Bay.
- Prince George, Duke of Kent, brother to King George VI, dies in a flying accident over Morven in Scotland at the age of 39.
August 30 – Luxembourg is formally annexed to the German Reich.
August 31 – A general strike is launched in Luxembourg to protest against forced conscription.
August 31–September 5 – WWII: Battle of Alam Halfa

[edit] September

September 3 – WWII: A German attempt to liquidate the Jewish ghetto in Lakhva leads to an uprising.
September 5 – WWII: Battle of Milne Bay: Japanese forces suffer their first defeat on land.
September 9 – WWII: A Japanese floatplane drops incendiary devices at Mount Emily, near Brookings, Oregon, in the first of two "Lookout Air Raids", the first bombing of the continental United States.
September 10 – Women's Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron (WAFS) begins operation.
September 12 – The RMS Laconia, carrying civilians, Allied soldiers and Italian POWs, is torpedoed off the coast of West Africa and sinks.
September 15 – Women's Flying Training Detachment (WFTD).
September 24 – Andrée Borrel and Lise de Baissac become the first female SOE agents to be parachuted into occupied France.
September 27 – WWII: Both commerce raiding hilfskreuzer Stier and Liberty ship Stephen Hopkins sink following a gun battle in the South Atlantic. Stier is the only commerce raider to be sunk by Defensively Equipped Merchant Ships.^[5]

[edit] October

October 2 – The British cruiser Curaçao collides with the liner Queen Mary off the coast of Donegal and sinks; 338 drown.
October 3 – The first A-4 rocket is successfully launched from Test Stand VII at Peenemünde, Germany. The rocket flies 147 kilometres wide and reaches a height of 84.5 kilometres, becoming the first man-made object to reach space.
October 9 – The Statute of Westminster Adoption Act formalizes Australian autonomy.
October 11 – WWII – Battle of Cape Esperance: On the northwest coast of Guadalcanal, United States Navy ships intercept and defeat a Japanese fleet on their way to reinforce troops on the island.
October 14 – A German U-boat sinks the ferry SS Caribou, killing 137.
October 16 – A hurricane and flood in Bombay kill 40,000.
October 23 – Award-winning composer and Hollywood songwriter Ralph Rainger ("Thanks for the Memory") is among 12 people killed in the mid-air collision between an American Airlines DC-3 airliner and a U.S. Army bomber near Palm Springs, California.
October 23 – November 4 – WWII – Second Battle of El Alamein: British troops go on the offensive against the Axis forces.
October 26 – WWII – Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands: two Japanese aircraft carriers are heavily damaged and one U.S.N. carrier is sunk.
October 28 – The Alaska Highway is completed.
October 29 – Holocaust: In the United Kingdom, leading clergymen and political figures hold a public meeting to register outrage over Nazi Germany's persecution of Jews.

[edit] November

November 2 – A USAF squadron, including B-24 Liberators, intercepts many Luftwaffe patrols off the coast of Oran, Algeria.
November 3 – WWII – Second Battle of El Alamein: German forces under Erwin Rommel are forced to retreat during the night.
November 8 – WWII
- Operation Torch – United States and United Kingdom forces land in French North Africa.
- French Resistance Coup in Algiers: 400 French civil resistants neutralize the Vichyist XIXth Army Corps and the Vichyist generals (Juin, Darlan, etc.), so allowing the immediate success of Operation Torch in Algiers, and ultimately the whole of French North Africa.
November 9 – WWII: U.S serviceman Edward Leonski is hanged at Melbourne's Pentridge Prison for the "Brown-Out" murders of 3 women in May.
November 10 – WWII: In violation of a 1940 armistice, Germany invades Vichy France, following French Admiral François Darlan's agreement to an armistice with the Allies in North Africa.
November 12 – WWII – Battle of Guadalcanal: A naval battle near Guadalcanal starts between Japanese and American forces.
November 13 – WWII:
- Battle of Guadalcanal: Aviators from the USS Enterprise sink the Japanese battleship Hiei.
- British forces capture Tobruk.
November 15 – WWII:
- The Naval Battle of Guadalcanal ends: Although the United States Navy suffers heavy losses, it retains control of Guadalcanal.
- A BOAC scheduled passenger flight, a DC-3 with registration G-AGBB, (formerly KLM PH-ALI, Ibis), enroute between Lisbon and Bristol, is attacked over the Bay of Biscay by German fighters. Although damaged, it escapes and lands in England. Other attacks follow on the same aircraft and scheduled route: April 19 and June 1, 1943 (fatal).
- British forces capture Derna.
November 19 – WWII – Battle of Stalingrad: Soviet Union forces under General Georgy Zhukov launch the Operation Uranus counter-attacks at Stalingrad, turning the tide of the battle in the USSR's favor.
November 20 – WWII –British forces capture Benghazi.
November 21 – The completion of the Alaska Highway (also known as the Alcan Highway) is celebrated (however, the "highway" is not usable by general vehicles until 1943).
November 22 – WWII – Battle of Stalingrad: The situation for the German attackers of Stalingrad seems desperate during the Soviet counter-attack Operation Uranus, and General Friedrich Paulus sends Adolf Hitler a telegram saying that the German Sixth Army is surrounded.
November 23 – A German U-boat sinks the S.S. Ben Lomond off the coast of Brazil. One crewman, Chinese second steward Poon Lim, is separated from the others and spends 130 days adrift until he is rescued on April 3, 1943.
November 25–November 26 – Operation Harling: A British SOE team, together with Greek Resistance fighters, blows up the Gorgopotamos viaduct in the first major sabotage act in occupied continental Europe.
November 26 – The movie Casablanca premières at the Hollywood Theater in New York City.
November 27 – WWII: At Toulon, the French navy scuttles its ships and submarines to keep them out of Nazi hands.
November 28
- In Boston, Massachusetts, a fire in the Cocoanut Grove night club kills 491 people.
- The large-scale German "pacification" of the Zamojszczyzna region of Poland begins.
November 29 – The Blue Star Line cargo liner MV Dunedin Star runs aground on the Skeleton Coast of Namibia. Crew and passengers survive following a 26-day overland trek to Windhoek.^[6]

[edit] December

December 1 – Gasoline rationing begins in the United States.
December 2 – Manhattan Project: Below the bleachers of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, a team led by Enrico Fermi initiates the first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction (a coded message, "The Italian navigator has landed in the new world" is then sent to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt).
December 4
- Holocaust: In Warsaw, 2 women, Zofia Kossak and Wanda Filipowicz, risk their lives by setting up the Council for the Assistance of the Jews.
- WWII: USAAF bombers make their first raid on Italy.
December 7 – WWII: British commandos conduct Operation Frankton, a raid on shipping in Bordeaux harbour.
December 22
- An avalanche in Aliquippa, Pennsylvania kills 26, including Vulcan Crucible Steel Co heir-apparent Samuel A. Stafford Sr., when two 100 ton boulders fall on a bus filled with wartime steel workers on their way home.
- An airplane carrying prominent Ustashe general Jure Francetić crashes. Francetić dies as result of the injuries on December 27.
December 24 – French Admiral Darlan, the former Vichy leader who had switched over to the Allies following the Torch landings, is assassinated in Algiers.
December 27 – The Union of Pioneers of Yugoslavia is founded.

[edit] Date unknown

The Grand Coulee Dam is finished in the Columbia River.
DDT is first used as a pesticide.
C. S. Lewis publishes The Screwtape Letters.
Lions become extinct in Iran.