1889

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Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar.

[edit] Events

January 30: Rudolf & Maria at Mayerling.

[edit] January–March

• January 1
  • A total eclipse of the heart is seen over parts of California and Nevada.
  • Jack Wilson (Wovoka) experiences a vision leading to the start of the Ghost Dance movement in the Dakotas.
• January 4 – An Act to Regulate Appointments in the Marine Hospital Service of the United States is signed by President Grover Cleveland. It establishes a Commissioned Corps of officers as a predecessor to the current U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps.
• January 5 – Preston is declared the winner of the inaugural Football League.
• January 8 – Herman Hollerith receives a patent for his electric tabulating machine.
• January 15 – The Coca-Cola Company, then known as the Pemberton Medicine Company, is originally incorporated in Atlanta, Georgia.
• January 22 – Columbia Phonograph is formed in Washington, DC.
• January 30 – Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria and his mistress Baroness Mary Vetsera commit a double suicide (or a murder suicide) in the Mayerling hunting lodge.
• February 5 – The first issue of Glasgow University Magazine is published.
• February 11 – The Meiji Constitution of Japan is adopted; the 1st Diet of Japan convenes in 1890.
• February 22 – President Grover Cleveland signs a bill admitting North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana and Washington as U.S. states.

April 22: Land Run.

• March 4 – Grover Cleveland, 22nd President of the United States (1885 – 1889) is succeeded by Benjamin Harrison (1889–1893).
• March 9 – Yohannes IV is killed in the Battle of Metemma; Sudanese forces, who had been almost defeated, rally and destroy the Ethiopian army.
• March 11 – The North Carolina Legislature issues a charter for the creation of Elon College.
• March 15 – A German naval force shells a village in Samoa, destroying some American property; three American warships enter the Samoan harbor and prepare to fire on the three German warships found there. Before guns are fired, the 1889 Apia cyclone blows in and sinks all the ships, American and German. A compulsory armistice is called because of the lack of warships.
• March 23 – Claiming to be the Promised Messiah and Mahdi, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad founds the Ahmadiyya Muslim community in India.
• March 22 – Sheffield United formed on 22 March 1889 at the Adelphi Hotel, Sheffield
• March 31 – The Eiffel Tower is inaugurated (opens May 6). Contemporary critics regard it as aesthetically displeasing.

[edit] April–June

Eiffel Tower.

• April 1 – Following a failed attempt at a coup, French defense minister Georges Boulanger is forced to flee the country.
• April 10 – The Hammarby Roddförening is founded, (later the Hammarby IF).
• April 22 – At high noon in Oklahoma Territory, thousands rush to claim land in the Land Run of 1889. Within hours the cities of Oklahoma City and Guthrie are formed, with populations of at least 10,000.
• May 2 – Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia, signs a treaty of amity with Italy, giving Italy control over what will become Eritrea.
• May 6 – The Eiffel Tower opens in Paris.
• May 31 – Johnstown Flood: The South Fork Dam collapses in western Pennsylvania, killing more than 2,200 people in and around Johnstown, Pennsylvania.
• June – Vincent van Gogh paints Starry Night.
• June 3 – The first long distance electric power transmission line in the United States is completed, running 14 miles (23 km) between a generator at Willamette Falls and downtown Portland, Oregon.
• June 6 – The Great Seattle Fire ravages through the downtown area without any fatalities.
• June 8 – The Wall Street Journal is established.
• June 12 – The Armagh rail disaster near Armagh in Ireland kills 78.
• June 19 – A Neapolitan baker named Raffaele Esposito invented the Pizza Margherita, named after the queen consort of Italy Margherita of Savoy. This was the forerunner of today's modern pizza.
• June 29–June 30 – First Inter-Parliamentary Conference held.

[edit] July–September

• July 8 – The first issue of the Wall Street Journal is published.
• July 14 – International Workers Congresses of Paris, 1889 establish the Second International
• July 31 – Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife marries Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife.
• August 14 – The Great London Dock Strike breaks out in England.
• August 26 – The Prevention of Cruelty to, and Protection of, Children Act 1889, commonly known as the Children's Charter is passed in Britain.
• August 30 – Official opening of Royal Mail Mount Pleasant Sorting Office in London.
• August – The Jewish Settlement of Moisés Ville is founded in Argentina.
• September 10 – Albert Honoré Charles Grimaldi becomes Albert I, Prince of Monaco.
• September 17 – Civil War veteran Charles Charles Jefferson Wright founds New York Military Academy with 75 students on 30 acres (120,000 m²) of land in Cornwall, NY.
• September 23 – The Nintendo Koppai (Later Nintendo Company, Limited) is founded by Fusajiro Yamauchi to produce and market Hanafuda playing cards.

[edit] October–December

September 23: Nintendo founded as a playing card manufacturer

• October 2 – In Washington, DC, the first International Conference of American States begins.
• October 6 – The Moulin Rouge cabaret opens in Paris.
• October 24 – Sir Henry Parkes, Premier of New South Wales, delivers the Tenterfield Oration calling for the Federation of Australia.
• November – The first free elections are held in Costa Rica.
• November 2 – North Dakota and South Dakota are admitted as the 39th and 40th U.S. states.
• November 8 – Montana is admitted as the 41st U.S. state.
• November 11 – Washington is admitted as the 42nd U.S. state.
• November 14 – Inspired by Jules Verne, pioneer woman journalist Nellie Bly (Elizabeth Cochrane) begins an attempt to beat travel around the world in less than 80 days (Bly finishes the journey in 72 days, 6 hours and 11 minutes).
• November 15 – Field Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca organizes a military coup which deposes Emperor Pedro II of Brazil and abolishes the Brazilian monarchy.
• November 17 – The Brazilian Royal Family is forced into exile in France.
• November 19 – The Empire of Brazil officially becomes a Federal Republic and Field Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca becomes its first president.
• November 20 – Argentina is the first country to recognize the abolition of the monarchy in Brazil.
• November 21 – Gustav Mahler's First Symphony premieres.
• November 23 – The first jukebox goes into operation at the Palais Royale Saloon in San Francisco.
• November 27 – Clemson University is founded in Clemson, South Carolina.
• December 4 – The Bayswater Railway Station (Victoria, Australia) officially opens.
• December 14 – Wofford and Furman play the first intercollegiate football game in the state of South Carolina.
• December 23 – The Spanish football team Recreativo de Huelva is formed (currently the oldest club in Spain).

Panama, yellow fever.

[edit] Date unknown

• An early method of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission as developed by the Swiss engineer René Thury ^[1] is implemented commercially in Italy by the Acquedotto de Ferrari-Galliera company. This system transmitsd 630 kW at 14 kV DC over a distance of 120 km.^[2][3]
• The first West Virginia tornado is recorded.
• The Wisden Cricketers' Almanack publishes its first Wisden Cricketers of the Year (actually titled Six Great Bowlers Of The Year). The cricketers chosen are George Lohmann, Bobby Peel, Johnny Briggs, Charles Turner, John Ferris and Sammy Woods.
• Frederick Abel invents cordite.
• Yellow fever interrupts the building of the Panama Canal.
• A huge locust swarm crosses the Red Sea and destroys crops in the Nile Valley.
• The Capilano Suspension Bridge (the longest suspension foot-bridge in the world) is opened.
  

  

  Capilano Bridge.
• The English football team Wimbledon F.C. is formed.
• Brook trout is introduced into the upper Firehole River, Yellowstone National Park.
• The Second International is founded.
• Schools founded include:
  • Plattsburgh Normal School (Plattsburgh, New York)
  • Riverside Elementary School (Wichita, Kansas)
  • Battle Ground Academy Franklin, Tennessee
• The Indian Religious Code is created which forbids Native Americans to practice their religions.
• International Workers Congresses of Paris.

[edit] Births

[edit] January–June

• January 2 – Walter Baldwin, American actor (d. 1977)
• January 21 – Edith Bratt, English wife of John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (d. 1971)
• January 31 – Frank Foster, English cricketer (d. 1958)
• February 2 – Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, French general, posthumous Marshal of France (d. 1952)
• February 3 – Risto Ryti, Prime Minister and President of Finland (d. 1956)
• February 5 – Ernest Tyldesley, English cricketer (d. 1962)
• February 7 – Harry Nyquist, Swedish-American contributor to information theory (d. 1976)
• February 11 – John H. Mills, Sr., African-American singer, one of the Mills Brothers (d. 1967)
• February 12 – Edward Hanson, 28th Governor of American Samoa (d. 1959)
• February 19 – Ernest Marsden, British physicist (d. 1970)
• February 22
  • Lady Olave Baden-Powell, English founder of the Girl Guides (d. 1977)
  • R. G. Collingwood, British philosopher and historian (d. 1943)
• February 23 – Victor Fleming, American motion picture director, (d. 1949)
• February 24 – Suzanne Bianchetti, French actress (d. 1936)
• March 1
  • Kanoko Okamoto, Japanese novelist, poet, and Buddhism scholar (d. 1939)
  • Watsuji Tetsuro, Japanese philosopher (d. 1960)
• March 4
  • Oren E. Long, 10th Territorial Governor of Hawai'i (d. 1965)
  • Pearl White, American silent film actress (d. 1938)
• March 6 – William D. Francis, Australian botanist (d. 1959)
• March 16 – Reggie Walker, South African athlete (d. 1951)
• March 21 – Aleksandr Vertinsky, Russian singer and actor (d. 1957)
• March 24 – Albert Hill, British athlete (d. 1969)
• March 29 – Warner Baxter, American actor (d. 1951)
• April 7 – Gabriela Mistral, Chilean writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1957)
• April 8 – Sir Adrian Boult, English conductor (d. 1983)
• April 11 – Nick LaRocca, American musician (d. 1961)
• April 14 – Arnold J. Toynbee, British historian (d. 1975)
• April 15 – Thomas Hart Benton, American painter (d. 1975)

Charlie Chaplin

• April 16 – Charlie Chaplin, English actor and film director (d. 1977)
• April 20 – Adolf Hitler, Austrian-born dictator of Nazi Germany (d. 1945)
• April 21
  • Paul Karrer, Swiss chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971)
  • Manuel Prado y Ugarteche, former President of Peru (d. 1967)
• April 23 – Karel Doorman, Dutch admiral (d. 1942)
• April 26 – Ludwig Wittgenstein, Austrian-born philosopher (d. 1951)
• April 28 – António de Oliveira Salazar, Portuguese dictator (d. 1970)
• April 30 – Fritz Pfeffer, German-Dutch housemate of Anne Frank (d. 1944)
• May 12 – Otto Frank, German publisher, businessman, father of Anne Frank (d. 1980)
• May 18 – Thomas Midgley, Jr., American chemist and inventor (d. 1944)
• May 25 – Igor Sikorsky, Russian developer of the helicopter (d. 1972)
• June 13 – Adolphe Pegoud, French acrobatic pilot, (d. 1915)
• June 21 – Ralph Craig, American athlete (d. 1972)
• June 23 – Anna Akhmatova, Russian poet (d. 1966)

Adolf Hitler

[edit] July–December

• July 5 – Jean Cocteau, French writer (d. 1963)
• July 17 – Erle Stanley Gardner, American author (d. 1970)
• July 30 – Vladimir Zworykin, Russian-American inventor and engineer (d. 1982)
• August 5 – Conrad Aiken, American writer (d. 1973)
• August 12 – Zerna Sharp, American writer and educator (Dick and Jane) (d. 1981)
• August 21 – Sir Richard O'Connor, English General in WWII (d. 1981)
• September 2 – George H. Plympton, American screenwriter (d. 1972)
• September 7 – Albert Plesman, Dutch aviation pioneer (d. 1953)
• September 8 – Robert Taft, U.S. Senator from Ohio (d. 1953)
• September 11 – Suzanne Duchamp, French painter (d. 1963)
• September 14 – María Capovilla, Ecuadorian supercentenarian, the last surviving person verified as born in 1889 (d. 2006)
• September 18 – Doris Blackburn, Australian politician (d. 1970)
• September 20 – Charles Reidpath, American athlete (d. 1975)
• September 25 – C. K. Scott-Moncrieff, Scottish writer and translator (d. 1930)
• September 26 – Martin Heidegger, German philosopher (d. 1976)
• October 3 – Carl von Ossietzky, German pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1938)
• October 8 – C. E. Woolman, American airline executive (d. 1966)
• October 13 – Douglass Dumbrille, Canadian-born actor (d. 1974)
• November 1 – Philip Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker, Canadian-born peace activist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1982)
• November 12 – DeWitt Wallace, American magazine publisher (Reader's Digest) (d. 1981)
• November 14 – Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India (d. 1964)
• November 16 – George S. Kaufman, American playwright (d. 1961)
• November 18 – Zoltán Tildy, President of Hungary (d. 1961)
• November 19 – Vasily Blyukher, Soviet military commander (d. 1938)
• November 20 – Edwin Hubble, American astronomer (d. 1953)
• November 23 – Harry Sunderland, Australian rugby league administrator (d. 1964)
• November 25 – George McMillin, last Naval Governor of Guam and US Read Admiral (d. 1983)
• November 30
  • Edgar Douglas Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian, English physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1977)
  • Reuvein Margolies, Austrian-Hungarian - born Israeli author and Talmudic scholar (d. 1971)
• December 4 – Isabel Randolph, American actress (d. 1973)
• December 9 – Hannes Kolehmainen, Finnish runner (d. 1966)
• December 11 – Walter Knott, American farmer and creator of Knott's Berry Farm (d. 1981)

[edit] Date unknown

• Dr. Rai Rajeshwar Bali, Indian intellectual reformist (d. 1945)
• James Alexander Allan, Australian poet (d. 1956)
• Marthe Richard, French prostitute, spy, and politician (d. 1982)

[edit] Deaths

[edit] January–June

• January 13 – Solomon Bundy, American politician (b. 1823)
• January 30
  • Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria (suicide) (b. 1858)
  • Baroness Mary Vetsera (suicide) (b. 1871)
• February 3 – Belle Starr, American outlaw (b. 1848)
• February 13 – João Maurício Wanderley, Brazilian magistrate and politician (b. 1815)
• March 8 – John Ericsson, Swedish inventor and engineer (b. 1803)
• March 9 – Emperor Yohannes IV of Ethiopia
• March 24 – The Leatherman (b. 1833)
• April 15 – Father Damien, a priest who won recognition for his ministry to people with leprosy (b. 1840)
• April 23 – Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly, French writer (b. 1808)
• May 9 – William S. Harney, U.S. Army general (b. 1800)
• May 14 – Volney E. Howard, American politician (b. 1809)
• May 12 – Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin, Russian satirist (b. 1826)
• June 8 – Gerard Manley Hopkins, English poet (b. 1844)
• June 15 – Mihai Eminescu, Romanian poet (b. 1850)
• June 25 – Lucy Webb Hayes, First Lady of the United States (b. 1831)

[edit] July–December

• July 10 – Julia Gardiner Tyler, First Lady of the United States (b. 1820)
• August 2 – Eduardo Gutiérrez, Argentinian author (b. 1851)
• August 19 – Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, French writer (b. 1838)
• September 16 – Bob Younger, American outlaw and youngest of the Younger outlaws
• September 23 – Wilkie Collins, British novelist (b. 1824)
• September 24 – Charles Leroux, American balloonist and parachutist (b. 1856)
• October 10 – Adolf von Henselt, German composer
• October 11 – James Prescott Joule, English physicist (b. 1818)
• October 17 – Rodrigo Augusto da Silva, Brazilian Senator and author of the Golden Law (b. 1833)
• October 19 – King Luis I of Portugal (b. 1838)
• October 25 – Émile Augier, French dramatist (b. 1820)
• November 18 – William Allingham, Irish author (b. 1824 or 1828)
• December 6 – Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America (b. 1808)
• December 12 – Robert Browning, English poet (b. 1812)
• December 29 – Glele, King of Dahomey (suicide)
• December 31 – Ion Creangă, Romanian writer (b. 1837 or 1839)

[edit] References