From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
February 11 is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 323 days remaining until the end of the year (324 in leap years).
[edit] Events
- 660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu.
- 55 – Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman Emperorship, dies under mysterious circumstances in Rome. This clears the way for Nero to become Emperor.
- 244 – Emperor Gordian III is murdered by mutinous soldiers in Zaitha (Mesopotamia). A mound is raised at Carchemish in his memory.
- 1531 – Henry VIII of England is recognized as supreme head of the Church of England.
- 1659 – The assault on Copenhagen by Swedish forces is beaten back with heavy losses.
- 1752 – Pennsylvania Hospital, the first hospital in the United States, is opened by Benjamin Franklin.
- 1790 – The Religious Society of Friends, also known as Quakers, petitions U.S. Congress for abolition of slavery.
- 1794 – First session of United States Senate open to the public.
- 1808 – Jesse Fell burns anthracite on an open grate as an experiment in heating homes with coal.
- 1812 – Massachusetts governor Elbridge Gerry "gerrymanders" for the first time.
- 1826 – University College London is founded under the name University of London.
- 1826 – Swaminarayan writes the Shikshapatri, an important text within the Swaminarayan faith.
- 1840 – Gaetano Donizetti's opera La Fille du Régiment receives its first performance in Paris.
- 1843 – Giuseppe Verdi's opera I Lombardi receives its first performance in Milan.
- 1855 – Kassa Hailu is crowned Tewodros II, Emperor of Ethiopia, by Abuna Salama III in a ceremony at the church of Derasge Maryam
- 1861 – American Civil War: United States House of Representatives unanimously passes a resolution guaranteeing noninterference with slavery in any state.
- 1873 – King Amadeus I of Spain abdicates.
- 1889 – Meiji Constitution of Japan is adopted; the first Diet of Japan convenes in 1890.
- 1903 – Anton Bruckner's 9th Symphony receives its first performance in Vienna.
- 1906 – Pope Pius X publishes the encyclical Vehementer nos.
- 1916 – Emma Goldman is arrested for lecturing on birth control.
- 1919 – Friedrich Ebert (SPD), is elected President of Germany.
- 1929 – Fascist Italy and the Vatican sign the Lateran Treaty.
- 1937 – A sit-down strike ends when General Motors recognizes the United Auto Workers Union.
- 1938 – BBC Television produces the world's first ever science fiction television program, an adaptation of a section of the Karel Capek play R.U.R., that coined the term "robot".
- 1939 – A Lockheed XP-38 flies from California to New York in 7 hours 2 minutes.
- 1942 – The first gold record is presented to Glenn Miller for "Chattanooga Choo Choo".
- 1942 – World War II: The Battle of Bukit Timah is fought in Singapore.
- 1943 – World War II: General Dwight Eisenhower is selected to command the allied armies in Europe.
- 1953 – President Dwight Eisenhower refuses a clemency appeal for Ethel and Julius Rosenberg.
- 1953 – The Soviet Union breaks off diplomatic relations with Israel.
- 1959 – The Federation of Arab Emirates of the South, which will later become South Yemen, is created as a protectorate of the United Kingdom.
- 1964 – Greeks and Turks begin fighting in Limassol, Cyprus.
- 1964 – The Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan) breaks off diplomatic relations with France.
- 1968 – Israeli-Jordanian border clashes.
- 1971 – Eighty-seven countries, including the US, UK, and USSR, sign the Seabed Treaty outlawing nuclear weapons on the ocean floor in international waters.
- 1973 – Vietnam War: First release of American prisoners of war from Vietnam takes place.
- 1978 – Censorship: the People's Republic of China lifts a ban on works by Aristotle, William Shakespeare and Charles Dickens.
- 1979 – Islamic revolution of Iran establishes an Islamic theocracy under the leadership of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
- 1981 – 100,000 US gallons (380 m3) of radioactive coolant leak into the containment building of TVA Sequoyah 1 nuclear plant in Tennessee, contaminating 8 workers.
- 1987 – The Constitution of the Philippines goes into effect.
- 1990 – Nelson Mandela is released from Victor Verster Prison outside Cape Town, South Africa after 27 years as a political prisoner.
- 1997 – Space Shuttle Discovery is launched on a mission to service the Hubble Space Telescope.
- 2008 – Rebel East Timorese soldiers seriously wound President José Ramos-Horta. Rebel leader Alfredo Reinado is killed in the attack.
- 2011 – Egyptian Revolution culminates in the resignation of Hosni Mubarak and the transfer of power to the Supreme Military Council after 18 days of protests.
[edit] Births
- 1377 – King Ladislaus of Naples (d. 1414)
- 1380 – Gian Francesco Poggio Bracciolini, Italian humanist (d. 1459)
- 1466 – Elizabeth of York, wife of Henry VII of England (d. 1503)
- 1535 – Pope Gregory XIV (d. 1591)
- 1568 – Honoré d'Urfé, French writer (d. 1625)
- 1649 – William Carstares, Scottish minister (d. 1715)
- 1657 – Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle, French scientist and man of letters (d. 1757)
- 1755 – Albert Christoph Dies, German composer (d. 1822)
- 1764 – Marie-Joseph de Chénier, French poet (d. 1811)
- 1774 – Hans Järta, Swedish political activist (d. 1847)
- 1776 – Ioannis Kapodistrias, Greek diplomat of the Russian Empire and first head of state of independent Greece (d. 1831)
- 1799 – The Blessed Father Basil Anthony Marie Patrice Moreau, Founder of the Congregation of Holy Cross (d. 1873)
- 1800 – Henry Fox Talbot, English photographer and inventor (d. 1877)
- 1802 – Lydia Maria Child, American abolitionist (d. 1880)
- 1812 – Alexander Hamilton Stephens, American politician, Vice President of the Confederate States of America and 50th Governor of Georgia (d. 1883)
- 1813 – Otto Ludwig, German writer and critic (d. 1865)
- 1819 – Samuel Parkman Tuckerman, American composer (d. 1890)
- 1821 – Auguste-Édouard Mariette, French Egyptologist (d. 1881)
- 1829 – The Rev. Samuel Lodge, English clergyman, author and headmaster (d. 1897)
- 1830 – Hans Bronsart von Schellendorff, Prussian musician (d. 1913)
- 1833 – Melville Weston Fuller, American jurist and 8th Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1910)
- 1839 – Josiah Willard Gibbs, American physicist (d. 1903)
- 1847 – Thomas Alva Edison, American inventor (d. 1931)
- 1860 – Rachilde, French author (d. 1953)
- 1869 – Helene Kroller-Muller, Dutch museum founder (d. 1939)
- 1869 – Else Lasker-Schüler, German writer (d. 1945)
- 1872 – Hannah Mitchell, English socialist and suffragette (d. 1956)
- 1874 – Elsa Beskow, Swedish author (d. 1953)
- 1874 – Fritz Hart, English-born composer (d. 1949)
- 1887 – John van Melle, South African writer (d. 1953)
- 1889 – Acharya Ramlochan Saran, Indian writer (d. 1971)
- 1890 – David Drummond, Australian politician (d. 1965)
- 1891 – J.W. Hearne English cricketer (d. 1965)
- 1894 – Alfonso Leng, Chilean composer (d. 1974)
- 1898 – Leó Szilárd, Hungarian-born physicist (d. 1964)
- 1900 – Hans-Georg Gadamer, German philosopher (d. 2002)
- 1900 – Josei Toda, Japanese educator (d. 1958)
- 1901 – Roddy Connolly, Irish politician, son of James Connolly (d. 1980)
- 1902 – Arne Jacobsen, Danish architect (d. 1971)
- 1903 – Hans Redlich, Austrian composer (d. 1968)
- 1904 – Sir Keith Holyoake, Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1983)
- 1908 – Philip Dunne, American screenwriter, director and producer (d. 1992)
- 1908 – Vivian Ernest Fuchs, English geologist (d. 1999)
- 1909 – Max Baer, American boxer and actor (d. 1959)
- 1909 – Joseph L. Mankiewicz, American director (d. 1993)
- 1912 – Roy Fuller, English writer (d. 1991)
- 1914 – Matt Dennis, American singer (d. 2002)
- 1915 – Patrick Leigh Fermor, English author
- 1917 – T. Nagi Reddy, Indian revolutionary (d. 1976)
- 1917 – Sidney Sheldon, American author (d. 2007)
- 1919 – Eva Gabor, Hungarian-born actress (d. 1995)
- 1920 – King Farouk I of Egypt (d. 1965)
- 1920 – Daniel F. Galouye, science fiction author (d.1976)
- 1920 – Billy Halop, American actor (d. 1976)
- 1920 – Daniel "Chappie" James Jr., American general (d. 1978)
- 1921 – Lloyd Bentsen, American politician and 69th United States Secretary of the Treasury (d. 2006)
- 1921 – Edward Seidensticker, American scholar (d. 2007)
- 1923 – Antony Flew, British philosopher (d. 2010)
- 1925 – Kim Stanley, American actress (d. 2001)
- 1925 – Virginia E. Johnson, of Masters and Johnson renown. American psychologist.
- 1926 – Paul Bocuse, French chef
- 1926 – Sir Alexander Gibson, Scottish conductor (d. 1995)
- 1926 – Leslie Nielsen, Canadian actor (d. 2010)
- 1930 – Roy De Forest, American Painter (d. 2007)
- 1931 – Larry Merchant, American sportswriter
- 1932 – Jerome Lowenthal, American pianist
- 1932 – Dennis Skinner, British politician
- 1934 – Mel Carnahan, American politician and 51st Governor of Missouri (d. 2000)
- 1934 – Tina Louise, American actress
- 1934 – Manuel Noriega, Panamanian general and dictator
- 1934 – Mary Quant, English fashion designer
- 1934 – John Surtees, English motorcycle and race car driver
- 1935 – Bent Lorentzen, Danish composer
- 1935 – Gene Vincent, American musician (d. 1971)
- 1936 – Burt Reynolds, American actor
- 1937 – Bill Lawry, Australian cricketer
- 1937 – Eddie Shack, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1938 – Bevan Congdon, New Zealand cricketer
- 1938 – Simone de Oliveira, Portuguese actress
- 1938 – Bobby "Boris" Pickett, American singer and songwriter (d. 2007)
- 1939 – Gerry Goffin, American lyricist
- 1939 – Jane Yolen, American author
- 1941 – Sergio Mendes, Brazilian musician
- 1943 – Serge Lama, French singer
- 1946 – Ian Porterfield, English footballer (d. 2007)
- 1947 – Roy Carrier, American Zydeco musician (d. 2010)
- 1947 – Yukio Hatoyama, Japanese politician
- 1947 – Joselito, Spanish singer
- 1947 – Kikko Matsuoka, Japanese actress
- 1947 – Derek Shulman, English musician
- 1948 – Chris Rush, American stand-up comedian
- 1949 – Guy Cloutier, French-Canadian music executive; father of Véronique Cloutier
- 1953 – Philip Anglim, American actor
- 1953 – Jeb Bush, American politician and 43rd Governor of Florida
- 1954 – Noriyuki Asakura, Japanese composer
- 1954 – Wesley Strick, American screenwriter
- 1956 – Catherine Hickland, American actress
- 1956 – Didier Lockwood, French violinist
- 1956 – H.R., American singer
- 1957 – Mitchell Symons, British writer
- 1959 – Bradley Cole, American actor
- 1959 – Deborah Meaden, British entrepreneur
- 1959 – Roberto Moreno, Brazilian racing driver
- 1960 – Nick Currie, Scottish musician
- 1960 – Richard Mastracchio, NASA astronaut
- 1961 – Mary Docter, American speed skater
- 1961 – Carey Lowell, American actress
- 1962 – Tammy Baldwin, American politician
- 1962 – Sheryl Crow, American musician
- 1962 – Eric Vanderaerden, Belgian cyclist
- 1963 – José Mari Bakero, Spanish footballer
- 1963 – Diane Franklin, American actress
- 1964 – Sarah Palin, American politician and 9th Governor of Alaska
- 1964 – Ken Shamrock, American martial artist
- 1965 – Vicki Wilson, Australian netballer
- 1967 – Uwe Daßler, German swimmer
- 1967 – Hank Gathers, American basketball player (d. 1990)
- 1969 – Jennifer Aniston, American actress
- 1969 – Andreas Hilfiker, Swiss footballer
- 1969 – P.J. Sparxx, American pornographic actress
- 1970 – Fredrik Thordendal, Swedish musician
- 1971 – Evan Tanner, American mixed-martial artist (d. 2008)
- 1971 – Damian Lewis, British actor
- 1972 – Brian Daubach, American baseball player
- 1972 – Craig Jones, American musician (Slipknot)
- 1972 – Steve McManaman, English footballer
- 1972 – Kelly Slater, American surfer
- 1973 – Ethan Iverson, jazz pianist
- 1973 – Jeon Do-yeon, Korean actress
- 1973 – Varg Vikernes, Norwegian musician (Burzum, Mayhem)
- 1974 – D'Angelo, American singer
- 1974 – Nick Barmby, English footballer
- 1974 – Alex Jones, American radio host
- 1974 – Isaiah Mustafa, American actor, spokesman
- 1974 – Zain Verjee, American newsreporter
- 1975 – Andy Lally, American racing driver
- 1975 – Jacque Vaughn, American basketball player
- 1976 – Tony Battie, American basketball player
- 1976 – Brice Beckham, American actor
- 1976 – Peter Hayes, American musician
- 1976 – Jorge Luís, Brazilian footballer
- 1976 – André Wickström, Finland-Swedish comedian and actor
- 1977 – Mike Shinoda, American musician (Linkin Park and Fort Minor)
- 1979 – Brandy, American singer and actress
- 1980 – Marco Bresciano, Australian footballer
- 1980 – Titi Buengo, Angolan footballer
- 1980 – Matthew Lawrence, American actor
- 1980 – Cormac McAnallen, Northern Irish Gaelic footballer (d. 2004)
- 1981 – Kelly Rowland, American singer
- 1981 – Scot Thompson, American footballer
- 1982 – Natalie Dormer, English actress
- 1982 – Neil Robertson, Australian snooker player
- 1982 – Jürgen Schmid, German footballer
- 1983 – Nicki Clyne, Canadian actress
- 1983 – Tony Curtis, American football player
- 1983 – Huang Shengyi, Chinese actress
- 1983 – Tihhon Šišov, Estonian footballer
- 1983 – Rafael Van der Vaart, Dutch footballer
- 1984 – Aubrey O'Day, American singer
- 1984 – Maxime Talbot, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1985 – Harris Allan, Canadian actor
- 1985 – William Beckett, American singer
- 1985 – Mike Richards, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1987 – Brian Matusz, American baseball player
- 1989 – Lovi Poe, Filipina singer and television actress
- 1990 – Princess Ayah bint Al Faisal, Jordanian royalty
- 1990 – Go Ara, South Korean actress (SM Entertainment)
- 1991 – Georgia May Foote, British actress
- 1991 – Christofer Ingle, American musician (Never Shout Never)
- 1992 – Taylor Lautner, American actor
- 1994 – Dominic Janes, American actor
[edit] Deaths
- 244 – Gordian III, Emperor of Rome
- 641 – Heraclius, Emperor of Byzantium
- 731 – Pope Gregory II
- 821 – Saint Benedict of Aniane
- 824 – Pope Paschal I
- 1141 – Hugo of St. Victor, German philosopher and theologian (b. 1096)
- 1160 – Minamoto no Yoshitomo, Japanese general (b. 1123)
- 1503 – Elizabeth of York, queen consort of Henry VII of England (b. 1466)
- 1626 – Pietro Cataldi, Italian mathematician (b. 1552)
- 1650 – René Descartes, French philosopher (b. 1596)
- 1685 – David Teniers III, Flemish painter (b. 1638)
- 1713 – Jahandar Shah, Mughal emperor of India (b. 1664)
- 1755 – Francesco Scipione, marchese di Maffei, Italian archaeologist (b. 1675)
- 1762 – Johann Tobias Krebs, German composer (b. 1690)
- 1763 – William Shenstone, English poet (b. 1714)
- 1795 – Carl Michael Bellman, Swedish poet and composer (b. 1740)
- 1797 – Antoine Dauvergne, French composer (b. 1713)
- 1829 – Alexandr Griboyedov, Russian playwright (b. 1795)
- 1862 – Elizabeth Siddal, British poet and artist (b. 1829)
- 1868 – Léon Foucault, French astronomer (b. 1819)
- 1879 – Honoré Daumier, French caricaturist and painter (b. 1808)
- 1917 – Oswaldo Cruz, Brazilian physician (b. 1872)
- 1923 – Wilhelm Killing, German mathematician (b. 1847)
- 1931 – Charles Algernon Parsons, British inventor (b. 1854)
- 1939 – Franz Schmidt, Austrian composer (b. 1874)
- 1940 – John Buchan, Governor-General of Canada (b. 1875)
- 1945 – Al Dubin, Swiss songwriter (b. 1891)
- 1948 – Sergei Eisenstein, Soviet film director (b. 1898)
- 1954 – Adolph M. Christianson, justice of the North Dakota Supreme Court (b. 1877)
- 1958 – Ernest Jones, British psychonanalyst (b. 1879)
- 1959 – Marshall Teague, American race car driver (b. 1922)
- 1963 – John Olof Dahlgren, American recipient of the Medal of Honor (b. 1872)
- 1963 – Sylvia Plath, American writer (b. 1932)
- 1967 – Tran Tu Binh, Vietnamese general and politician (b. 1907)
- 1967 – A.J. Muste, American peace activist (b. 1885)
- 1968 – Howard Lindsay, American playwright (b. 1888)
- 1972 – Jan Wils, Dutch architect (b. 1891)
- 1973 – J. Hans D. Jensen, German physicist, Nobel Prize Laureate (b. 1907)
- 1975 – Richard Ratsimandrava, Malagasy soldier and statesman, assassinated (b. 1931)
- 1976 – Lee J Cobb, American actor (b. 1911)
- 1976 – Alexander Lippisch, German scientist (b. 1894)
- 1976 – Frank Arnau, German writer (b. 1894)
- 1977 – Louis Beel, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1902)
- 1978 – James B Conant, American chemist and university president (b. 1893)
- 1978 – Harry Martinson, Swedish writer, Nobel Prize Laureate (b. 1904)
- 1981 – Franz Sondheimer, British chemist (b. 1926)
- 1982 – Eleanor Powell, American actress and dancer (b. 1912)
- 1982 – Takashi Shimura, Japanese actor (b. 1905)
- 1985 – Ben Abruzzo, American businessman and balloonist (b. 1930)
- 1985 – Henry Hathaway, American actor and director (b. 1898)
- 1985 – Heinz Eric Roemheld, American composer (b. 1901)
- 1986 – Frank Herbert, American author (b. 1920)
- 1986 – Evelio Javier, Filipino politician, lawyer, and civil servant (b. 1942)
- 1989 – George O'Hanlon, American actor and director (b. 1912)
- 1993 – Robert W. Holley, American biochemist, Nobel Prize Laureate (b. 1922)
- 1993 – George A. Stephen, founder of Weber-Stephen Products Co. (b. 1922)
- 1994 – Neil Bonnett, American race car driver (b. 1946)
- 1994 – Sorrell Booke, American actor (b. 1930)
- 1994 – William Conrad, American actor (b. 1920)
- 1994 – Paul Feyerabend, Austrian philosopher (b. 1924)
- 1996 – Kebby Musokotwane, Prime Minister of Zambia (b. 1946)
- 1996 – Cyril Poole, English cricketer (b. 1921)
- 1996 – Amelia Rosselli, Italian poet (b. 1930)
- 1997 – Don Porter, American actor (b. 1912)
- 2000 – Roger Vadim, French director (b. 1928)
- 2000 – Jacqueline Auriol, French aviatrix (b. 1917)
- 2002 – Frank Crosetti, baseball player (b. 1910)
- 2002 – Barry Foster, British actor (b. 1931)
- 2004 – Shirley Strickland, Australian athlete (b. 1925)
- 2005 – Jack L. Chalker, American author (b. 1944)
- 2005 – Stan Richards English television actor (b. 1930)
- 2006 – Jockey Shabalala, South African singer (b. 1943)
- 2006 – Peter Benchley, American author (b. 1940)
- 2006 – Jackie Pallo, wrestler (b. 1926)
- 2007 – Marianne Fredriksson, Swedish author (b. 1927)
- 2008 – Tom Lantos, former member of the United States House of Representatives from California (b. 1928)
- 2008 – Frank Piasecki, American aeronautical designer (b. 1919)
- 2009 – Eleanor Harz Jorden American linguistics scholar and an influential Japanese language educator and expert. (b. 1920)
- 2010 – Alexander McQueen, English fashion designer (b. 1969)
- 2010 – Vance A. Larson, American artist (b. 1951)
- 2011 – Tom Carnegie, American sports announcer (b. 1919)
- 2011 – Chuck Tanner, American Baseball player (b. 1928)
[edit] Holidays and observances
[edit] External links
