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Increased foreign aid for India, given the current direction of Indian economic policy, "would be much more likely to retard the rise of general living standards in India than to accelerate it, and to obstruct rather than promote the emergence of a society resistant to totalitarian appeal." This is the thesis of United States Aid and Indian Economic Development by P. T. Bauer. Mr. Bauer stresses that there are a number of important positive functions which government must perform if a country is to advance economically. Among the more important functions, he lists promotion of a suitable institutional framework for the activities of individuals; maintenance of law and order; control of the supply of money; provision of basic health and education services; establishment of basic communications; and often also provision of agricultural extension work.

P. T. Bauer is a former fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, and Smuts Reader in Commonwealth Studies, Cambridge University. He has held various teaching positions at London University and Cambridge University, and has acted as visiting professor or visiting special lecturer at many universities in the United States.