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Mono no Aware
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Mono no Aware (trope)
"I probably just want to leave a trace of myself behind in this world."
"The summer grasses
For warriors of the past
glory's aftermath"
— Matsuo Bashō

All things in life are fragile and impermanent. Everything we love is doomed to fade... but at the same time, isn't that what makes it beautiful?

An aesthetic first popularized by the 18th century scholar Motoori Norinaga, Mono no Aware (物の哀れ; often translated as "the ahh-ness of things" — the closest western equivalent would be the latin phrase "memento mori") is a kind of wistful sadness that would come to be considered the Central Theme of Japanese art, and one of the pillars of Japanese identity. Cherry Blossoms, the national symbol of Japan, are considered to embody this sentiment — blooming for a short time in vibrant colours before falling away. This also extends to the seasons in general, leading to the heavy emphasis of seasonal motifs in Japanese poetry. Because it is so short-lived, Mono no Aware considers childhood to be beautiful, which may go a way to explaining Kawaisa culture and the tendency of Japanese works to portray (non-active) paedophilia as a character flaw rather than an outright villainous trait.

On the Sliding Scale of Idealism Versus Cynicism, Mono no Aware tends towards the idealistic, while in the conflict of Romanticism Versus Enlightenment, it falls somewhere in the middle, embracing change while mourning the past.

Stories built on Mono no Aware rarely have big, climactic endings, and are more likely to be bittersweet or fizzle out gently.

Compare The Anti-Nihilist, Bathos, Martyrdom Culture, and Perfection Is Static. Contrast They Changed It, Now It Sucks!, The Fatalist, Mortality Phobia and Nostalgia Filter. See also UsefulNotes.Buddhism and It Can't Be Helped.

Tropes associated with Mono no Aware

    Trope List 

Examples

    open/close all folders 

    Anime & Manga 
  • Cesare - Il Creatore che ha distrutto is the Italian Renaissance through this lens. 16-year-old Cesare Borgia doesn't get up to the kind of destruction the title would imply. He merely observes the changing world around him, and the art and humanism sponsored by Lorenzo "The Magnificent" de' Medici, the era of openness that will end once Lorenzo is no longer there to maintain it.
  • Frieren: Beyond Journey's End: Frieren is an elf with a thousand year lifespan which has led to her perceiving time differently from humans. Prior to her time with the Hero's party she avoided forming lasting relationships and outright refused to take apprentices as they'd just die before her anyway. Himmel's death causes her to start taking an interest in humans and trying to appreciate the time she spends with them.
  • Girls' Last Tour: The world as we know it has been destroyed by some vague apocalyptic event. Two young girls are left alone with only each other as company, as they travel around the ruins, surviving the best they can, enjoying what little creature comforts they come across, and wondering how the world around them might have been.
  • Kino's Journey: A young teenager wanders across the world, with the self-imposed rule of only staying three days in each country she visits. Yet the world is as beautiful as it is dangerous, and she is often confronted by the uglier aspects of human nature.
  • Kiyo in Kyoto: From the Maiko House follows the story of Kiyo, a teenage girl working as a live-in cook in Kyoto. People encounter all kind of troubles in their daily life and come to Kiyo for a relaxing moment in the kitchen. The manga sees changes as something inevitable, and so instead of focusing on the scary, unknown side of it, one should live their life to the fullest by focusing on the present and steadily walk forward to their future.
  • Love, Chunibyo & Other Delusions! portrays Chuunibyou as something we need to grow out of, but which is beautiful for precisely that reason, and should be looked back on without shame.
  • Both Mushishi and Natsume's Book of Friends narrate gentle explorations of the supernatural with heartwarming and tearjerking results, though Mushishi is much more episodic.
  • Naruto: Extremely twisted, weaponized version by Deidara. His catchphrase is "Art is an explosion!", which is how this trope generally applies to fireworks. In Deidara's case though, he means literal explosions, some powerful enough to level a town. His art philosophy is contrasted with his partner, Sasori, who believes that true art should last forever instead.
  • In the anime adaptation of Shaman King, this is Hao's motivation. To remedy the sorrows of a changing world, he plans to destroy the past and the future, creating only "a neverending stream of now".
  • Yokohama Kaidashi Kikou looks at the dwindling of Humanity's Earth through the eyes of a long lived Robot Girl, Alpha Hatsuseno. The story addresses it sometimes, but the underlying tragedy is usually shown through simple Slice of Life moments that, while nice, give us clues to what happened to Earth (i.e. large packs of rice explicitly referred to as uncommon, fireworks being launched are actually leftover rockets, etc).

    Fan Works 

    Films — Animation 
  • Puss in Boots: The Last Wish: After spending the entire film attempting to find a way to prolong his life, Puss eventually comes to the realization that what makes life is beautiful is that it has an end, and the right thing to do is to put the little time he has to good use rather than wasting it away. He also learns that living a short life being surrounded by your loved ones is infinitely more preferable than living a long life alone.

    Films — Live-Action 
  • Discussed at the end of Avengers: Age of Ultron, where the cynical Ultron states that humans are doomed to destroy themselves while the more idealistic Vision retorts that there is grace in their failings and that, while he won't argue that humanity will one day end, "a thing isn't beautiful because it lasts".
  • Mary Poppins: Mary laments that Bert's fine chalk drawings have been washed away by the rain. Bert merely says "there's more where they came from".
  • Sweet Bean: The central theme of the film is that your path in life is ultimately up to you, and you must be prepared to take what comes, lest you let others decide your life and waste what little of it you have.

    Literature 
  • The Tale of Genji is one of the most famous examples of Mono no Aware, with the term entering the popular lexicon primarily because of Motoori Norinaga's use of it in his analysis of the story.
  • Teddy Robinson: In Teddy Robinson and the Beautiful Present, Deborah is given a beautiful present of a tin of bubbles, and Teddy Robinson is upset that each beautiful bubble simply disappears after a short time. Later, when Teddy Robinson is accidentally left in the garden shed overnight, a spider offers to make him a beautiful present of a web, adding that it won't last long, but would last longer than a bubble.
  • Under Heaven: yes, Shen Tai has obtained the goodwill of the soldiers of two different armies by burying the dead from one particular battle, but this can only expect to last until the next battle.
    • Shen Tai spends most of the novel being reminded that, while he was performing his service in the west, life still went on for everyone else, even friends and family. Also, when his sister spends time at Stone Drum Mountain, one of the Kanlin leaders attempts to point out (while attempting to explain why she, like her brother, is unsuited by personality to stay there) "Who chooses their fate? Who asks to be born into the times that are theirs?" (She responds with a quote from her father: "Well, who accepts the world only as it comes to them?" The Kanlin at first think the line is "from a disciple of the Cho Master".) Finally, Sima Zian quotes part of one of his own poems, written "during the last Taguran war. Tai's father's war.":
    Bitter wind blows battle smoke
    Wild geese and cranes fly.
    Later, moon's disk on the water.
    Plum blossoms mirrored in the river
    Until they fall.

    Live-Action TV 
  • Fawlty Towers: At the end of "Waldorf Salad'', this trope is lampshaded extremely sarcastically by Basil, just after he has had a huge rant at the guests and ordered them to leave; when his wife Sybil asks what he is doing, he then decides that he will leave instead, leaving Sybil to run the hotel.
    Basil: Goodbye, dear. It's been an interesting fifteen years, but all good things must come to an end.
  • In The Makanai: Cooking for the Maiko House one of Momoko's mottos is the saying "ichi-go ichi-e", literally "one time, one meeting". No matter how many times she practices the same dance routine, each performance will end up different, and she says goodbye at the end of every dance. She's surprised when Kiyo displays a complementary philosophy to her cooking: so many factors might affect the dish no matter how familiar it is, and so she says hello before every meal preparation.

    Music 
  • This is one of the major recurring themes seen in The Midnight's discography with most of their albums having a very strong focus on exploring it. Fittingly, "Mono no Aware" is also the band's official motto.
  • Vocaloid:
    • Most of the songs composed by hinayukki (AKA Shigotoshite-P) revolve around blooming flowers, withering leaves and the passing seasons, which symbolizes the ephemeral beauty of the world and life in general, and how every moment must be treasured precisely because it's so fleeting.
      • "Tsugai Kogarashi", Shigotoshite's most famous song, tells the story of the wind and the leaf fluttering together towards an uncertain future. They count each precious moment as they soar together, knowing that in this fleeting life, even the tiniest mistake could lead to death.
      • "Hana no Namida" compares life to a flower, beautiful and transient. The singers vow to spend the limited amount of time they have with their loved ones, and collect as many precious memories as possible, before they would wither like a flower themselves.
      • "Oni o Karu Mono" is about a human warrior hunting down a crimson demon. As they clash over a winter battlefield, the hunter sings of the passion he feels for the demon in the heat of the battle, all the while knowing that this intense feelings would end when one of them dies. The song ends with the hunter finally defeating and killing the demon and moves on with his life, but notes that the encounter had left a mark in his heart.
    • The singer of "Song of Life" by Toraboruta compares their life to flowers and hopes they would leave a proof that they had lived, just like how the flowers grew and bore seeds before they withered.

    Mythology and Religion 
  • From The Bible, the author of the Book of Ecclesiastes seems to take this view. Everything created by human hands is doomed to be forgotten, but at the same time, the world isn't actually getting worse so you should make peace with it and enjoy the simple pleasures of life.
    "An unhappy business, that, which God gave men to be concerned with! I observed all the happenings beneath the sun, and I found that all is futile and pursuit of wind."
  • The Epic of Gilgamesh is the Ur-Example, with Gilgamesh only becoming a wise king after coming to terms with his own mortality.

    Newspaper Comics 
  • Calvin and Hobbes: Hobbes invokes this when he says fall is his favorite season, as it reminds him that the impermanence of life is what makes it beautiful.

    Theatre 
  • Cross Road is a Japanese musical about the violinist Niccolo Paganini making a contract with Amduscias, the Devil of Music, in which he trades his life for one million songs of genius. Rather than a morality story telling him to stick to the narrow path, and shaming him for listening to a demon, this story shows his fear, and eventual acceptance, of death in exchange for an exciting life. Amduscias comes to care deeply for Niccolo, and finds it hard to let him go, but he must.
  • The Tempest: Prospero has a famous speech on the transitory nature of art, magic, and life:
    Our revels now are ended. These our actors,
    As I foretold you, were all spirits and
    Are melted into air, into thin air:
    And, like the baseless fabric of this vision,
    The cloud-capp'd towers, the gorgeous palaces,
    The solemn temples, the great globe itself,
    Ye all which it inherit, shall dissolve
    And, like this insubstantial pageant faded,
    Leave not a rack behind. We are such stuff
    As dreams are made on, and our little life
    Is rounded with a sleep.
  • Tsukiuta:
    • Act 2: Yumemigusa embodies this most of all of their plays. It features Alternate Universe versions of the characters as an isekai Shinsengumi, with Arata or You as Okita. While they do fight bad guys, the real core of the story is Arata/You's illness and death, and it ends with a Died in Your Arms Tonight scene.
    • Act 4: Lunatic Party has a Western motif (Halloween) as its theme, but it also revolves around accepting death — in this case, the familiar of a magician who's died entangles the main character in an attempt to "rescue" the magician, and the magician has to tell him to let go.
    • Act 6: Kurenai Enishi has a lot in common with Yumemigusa, including a Japanese-style setting (the Yōkai AU) and a character who must accept death. They also both star the middle pairs.

    Video Games 
  • Cult of the Lamb: Forneus, one of the shopkeepers you may find in a crusade, embodies this. In the middle of the Crapsack World where the game takes place, she stands out as a friendly woman who, after losing her children, decided to travel the world to share the fleeting beauty to everyone she meets. She only really sells one item (The Ambrosia card) otherwise you can take for free one of the items she offers every time you meet her. A lot of her dialogues are even quotes from the poems of John Keats.
    Forneus: "Oh but a thing of beauty is a joy forever!"
  • Final Fantasy X heavily invokes the "dream" motif when using this trope. The once futuristic city of Zanarkand of 1000 years ago is referred to as Dream Zanarkand, and the reason why it and the main character Tidus exists at all in the present is because the Greater-Scope Villain is a sorcerer who really couldn't let go of its memory and continues to invoke it even if it means letting a kaiju named Sin constantly ravage the rest of the world to defend it. When you finally meet him, he's been reduced to a literal parasite. To drive the point home, the BGM that plays when you finally reach its ruins is called "Someday the dream will end," and the final destination is Dream's End. Ironically, the end of the game has Yuna give a speech about how Sin's death means everyone can dream again, which is the game saying that impermanence is necessary for other life to flourish, and that denying impermanence only strangles the future by preventing things from changing.
  • In 'Final Fantasy XIV: Shadowbringers'', we learn that there was, once, an ancient world with a seemingly utopian civilization, where war and conflict did not exist and proper debate was considered both an art, and the best way to solve people's differences; where everyone was so long-lived as to be effectively immortal, and used that immortality to help create a better world; where anyone could weave incredible wonders with just an idea and a bit of magic; where splendorous cities, greater than any in the planet's history, were seats of knowledge and art. But this world died in fire and torment, making way for the current, limited, mortal world full of suffering and strife. The Ascians have thus spent thousands and thousands of years trying to restore that world, even at the terrible price of millions of lives. In the end, when the Warrior of Light has vanquished Emet-Selch, the Ascian finally lets go of all his rage and passion which drove him for 12000 years, quietly accepts not just his fate, but the fate of his entire world, and simply asks for him, and his kin, to be remembered. When the Warrior of Light nods in assurance, thus accepting the legacy of the Ancients in his stead, the once villainous Emet-Selch gives a gentle smile and passes on.
  • This is a Central Theme in a number of FromSoftware titles. Throughout the Dark Souls trilogy, the Age of Fire or the human era has been artificially extended at great cost and the world seems to decay and grow steadily worse from the effort. Player characters working towards the Multiple Endings of Dark Souls III in particular can urge it to limp along further, draw strength from its decay, or allow it to die and make way for something new.
  • Genshin Impact: Inazuma, Genshin's Japan equivalent, is the nation of Teyvat that worships the Electro Archon, the Raiden Shogun, whose ideal as a god is "eternity." At first this would seem at odds with real-life Japan's ideal of mono no aware, and much of Inazuma's storyline is spent showing how to reconcile eternity with the impermanence of things. In the face of great change and trials, how can someone or an organization remains standing despite of it all?
    • The first Electro Archon, Makoto, had pretty much figured things out philosophically. While she was the God of Eternity like her younger twin sister, the current Electro Archon Ei, Makoto appreciated transient things, enjoying every moment, continuing progress, and most importantly, passing one's wishes and ideals to the next generation, allowing them to be eternal even as individuals were transient. However, after Makoto died in the Cataclysm, Ei was traumatized and came to interpret "eternity" as stasis, keeping things the same and never allowing them to change, so that the tragedies that befell Inazuma would never happen again. Only after being beaten by the Traveler with the help of Ei's friend Miko does she reconsider and allow things to change again.
    • There's also Yoimiya, who's also from Inazuma. Her family has run Naganohara Fireworks for generations, and Yoimiya loves what she does. Fireworks are the embodiment of transience— they flash with a powerful bang before fizzling out, and that's exactly why Yoimiya loves them. During the fireworks show, the normally talkative Yoimiya becomes silent and gazes at the sky, taking in all the sights and sounds of the moments she knows will fade away in a moment's time so she can enjoy them to the fullest. However, the Naganoharas have a tradition where they give their customers the exact formulas for creating the fireworks they were sold, allowing them to be recreated even centuries later—making them eternal, even as individual fireworks are transient.
  • In Ghost of Tsushima, the achievement for completing the game is called "Mono no Aware", fittingly how Jin accepts that his old ways of fighting are gone by confronting his Uncle Shimura, and moving on to his new mantle as the ghost.
  • The Legend of Zelda
  • Discussed in the "Jetstream" DLC of Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance, in which Senator Armstrong states that while he often hears politicians talk about how fleeting and beautiful cherry blossoms are, he instead finds the idea of transient beauty revolting due to it going against his personal philosophy.
  • One of the biggest revelations in Outer Wilds is that both the solar system's sun and the Universe itself are at the end of their natural lifespan, meaning that the Hatchling and their planet are inevitably doomed to die in the supernova. All endings where the Hatchling tries to end the timeloop and survive run the gamut between Bolivian Army Ending and And I Must Scream. The Golden Ending is one where accepting the imminent end of the universe, the Hatchling makes a last Hail Mary to reach the Eye of the Universe. There, they reunite with all the travelers they met along the way and reminisce about their dying world, before finally playing a song together to create a new Universe for a bittersweet but ultimately triumphant conclusion.
  • Shows up in Sonic and the Black Knight. What starts off as a Universal-Adaptor Cast take on Arthurian Legend ends up turning into a metafictional take on the story where the main villain, knowing the story will end with the kingdom in ruin, intends on using her magic to create an eternal world that never changes. Sonic, in his usual snarky style, thinks that sounds pretty lame and stops her, afterwards saying that he figures everything will end someday, so we should live life to the fullest in the time we have.
  • Touhou Project:
  • Undertale, being a western game thematically inspired by several Japanese works, has elements of this in the Golden Ending.
    • According to the shopkeep Gerson, the main character's relationship with Toriel and possibly Asgore is a parental Mayfly–December Friendship due to the bio-magical traits of their species. Despite that, the choice to stay with Toriel is still depicted as an unambiguously happy one, even if it might end on a sad note in the far future.
    • The most bittersweet part of the ending pertains to Asriel Dreemurr who will soon lose his true form and his ability to feel love. Despite that, this character takes their imminent fate in stride, and despite not having much time to spend with the main character, still considers them a friend and wishes for them to do the same.
      Asriel: ...I just want you to remember me like this. Someone that was your friend for a little while.
  • One of the central themes of What Remains of Edith Finch is that life is short, so you should enjoy it while you can. Being about family members dying in various ways, often so that it could have been avoided, you would think that it's a very dark story. Yet, the overall tone is rather bright, almost light-hearted.

    Visual Novels 
  • In Slay the Princess, it turns out that the character the player controls, and the Princess he's tasked to slay, are new gods, created when someone with a Mortality Phobia split the cycle of life and death in two. The player's character is the Long Quiet, embodiment of stasis, and the Princess is the Shifting Mound, embodiment of change. She is not death, but she contains it, as well as life, in her multitudes. Their creator is from an old, dying universe and knows its death would lead to something else, but doesn't want it to happen. He means for the Long Quiet to destroy the Shifting Mound and create a reality that's "Light. Burdenless. An eternal pattern of forgetfulness leading into the joys of rediscovery. Everyone will be with the ones they love. No more fear, no more howling chaos. Just life. Forever." The player can choose how much the Long Quiet agrees. Regardless, the Shifting Mound strongly believes that she should be released, saying that things are more meaningful and beautiful if they end eventually, and new things require endings.

    Webcomics 
  • minus. has this aesthetic, being very wistful throughout. The title character’s powers seem to just represent childhood and how one isn’t permitted to act like that past a certain age, rather than being any serious attempt at a fantasy story. And then the world ends, and the melancholy gets Exaggerated. Even minus and her best friend are affected at the very end.
  • In Questionable Content, when Hannelore found herself mulling over the idea of quantum vacuum decay and how the universe could spontaneously end at any time. Dora comforted her with the idea that, even if that is the case, all things are impermanent regardless, and that at least there's beauty in the time it's around.
    Dora: Like, nothing lasts forever. We get old and die, the earth becomes uninhabitable, eventually the sun burns out... Why should the universe be exempt? Maybe the entirety of existence is just the rainbow film on the surface of a soap bubble. The bubble pops, the rainbow is gone. But it was beautiful while it was there.

    Web Original 
  • The God of Arepo: The god's domain is ephemeral and liminal things — "the momentary glimpses". Arepo declares them all beautiful.
    The god: The first hint of frost before the first snow falls. The skin of an apple as it yields beneath your teeth. I am the god of a dozen different nothings. The petals in bloom that lead to rot, the momentary glimpses. A change in the air— Before it's gone.
    Arepo: Beautiful. All of them. They were all so beautiful.

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