Motion 6.3
Motion 6.0
Motion 5.11
Motion 5.10
Motion 5.9
Motion 5.8
Motion 5.7
Motion 5.6.6
Motion 5.6.4
Motion 5.6.1
Motion 5.6
Motion 5.5.2
Motion 5.5.1
Motion 5.5
Motion 5.4.6
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Glossary

alpha channel

Ordinary video clips and image files have three channels of color information: red, green, and blue. Many video and image file formats also support an additional alpha channel, which contains information defining areas of transparency. An alpha channel is a grayscale channel where white represents areas of 100 percent opacity (solid), gray regions represent translucent areas, and black represents 0 percent opacity (transparent).

When you import a QuickTime movie or an image file into a project, its alpha channel is immediately recognized by Motion. The alpha channel is then used to composite that object against other objects in the canvas.

aspect ratio

A film or video frame’s width-to-height ratio on any viewing screen. High-definition (HD) video has an aspect ratio of 16:9.

canvas

The visual workspace in Motion. Here you can arrange objects in your project, adjust object parameters using onscreen controls, and play back your project. What you see in the canvas is what is exported when you share your project.

canvas toolbar

A row of tools in the center of the Motion window (under the canvas and above the timing toolbar), for manipulating objects in the canvas. Tools on the left side of the canvas toolbar let you transform objects in the canvas in 2D or 3D space, as well as zoom or pan the view in the canvas. Tools in the center of the canvas toolbar let you create shapes, paint strokes, text, and masks.

chroma

The color information contained in an image, consisting of hue, which represents the color itself, and saturation, which represents the intensity of the color.

clipping

In digital video, the state of an image with a color gamut that falls outside of the minimum and maximum level that can be represented in a color space. For example, when a Rec. 2020 source image is converted to Rec. 709, the image may appear “clipped” (colors muted or over- or underexposed when compared with the original) because the smaller target color space (Rec. 709) cannot reproduce the detail in the image’s original color space (Rec. 2020). Clipping can occur in any color channel of an image.

In digital audio, clipping describes a signal that exceeds the maximum sample value of 0 dBFS during playback or recording, resulting in audio distortion.

codec

Short for compressor/decompressor, or encode/decode. A software component used to translate video or audio from its current form to a different, digitally compressed form. Apple ProRes and H.264 are common QuickTime video codecs.

destination

A set of preconfigured export settings that you can use to share a project from Motion. Destinations make it easy to export a project as a movie, as an image sequence, as a single frame, or to export using the Compressor app. Motion comes with a variety of preconfigured destinations, and you can also modify destinations and create new destinations. You add and modify destinations in the Destinations pane of Motion Settings.

floating point

In computing, a formulaic representation of real numbers (whole numbers or fractions) as a sequence of digits separated by a decimal point. Depending on the number represented, the position of the decimal point moves (“floats”) left or right relative to the significant digits. Floating point numbers can represent both very large and very small numbers using a limited number of bits. Motion uses floating-point numbers (sometimes called float) to calculate values (such as color) quickly and precisely at orders of magnitude large and small.

high dynamic range (HDR)

A range of luminance values (levels of brightness) in an image that exceeds the luminance values of traditional, or standard-dynamic-range (SDR), images. For example, the HDR PQ standard can represent luminance values as high as 10,000 nits (candelas per square meter) with a dynamic range of 14 stops or more, creating more realistic color transitions and revealing more detail in both shadows and highlights.

HDR10

A widely supported HDR media profile specified by the Consumer Technology Association, used in Ultra HD Blu-ray, and supported by most video streaming services.

HLG (Hybrid Log-Gamma)

One of the two supported systems in the ITU-R Rec. 2100 standard for high-dynamic-range (HDR) video. The HLG transfer function relates image signal values to scene-relative light levels and is compatible with standard-dynamic-range (SDR) displays without the need for metadata. HLG was developed by the BBC and NHK broadcasting networks.

Inspector

A pane on the left side of the Motion window for adjusting the parameters of a selected object (an image, video clip, or effect) in your project.

inverse tone mapping

A technique that expands the narrower range of luminance values in standard-dynamic-range (SDR) images to a wider range of brightness values that can be shown on a high-dynamic-range (HDR) display.

Library

A pane on the left side of the Motion window for adding built-in filter effects, content, presets, behaviors, and other elements to your project.

luma

A value describing the brightness of an image. A luma channel is a grayscale image showing the range of brightness across the whole image or clip.

luminance

An objective measurement of light corresponding to intensity weighted by the spectral sensitivity of human vision. Luminance is measured in units of candelas per square meter (cd/m2), often referred to as nits.

marker

A visual reference point in the Timeline that identifies a specific frame. You can use markers to align different objects at specific points in time, quickly navigate to specific points in a sequence, add notes about a specific area in your project, and more. There are several kinds of markers:

  • Project markers are fixed to a specific frame or timecode value in the Timeline ruler.

  • Object markers are attached to an object (or clip) in the Timeline.

  • Template markers control the timing of templates that you export to Final Cut Pro.

MOV

The QuickTime movie file format from Apple. This digital media container format is the basis for the MPEG-4 (MP4) format.

PQ (Perceptual Quantizer)

A high-dynamic-range (HDR) transfer function that relates image signal values to absolute light levels produced by a display. PQ is standardized in SMPTE ST 2084 and is one of the two supported transfer functions in the ITU-R Rec. 2100 standard for HDR video. PQ is used in formats such as HDR10, HDR10+, and Dolby Vision.

Project Browser

A window that appears when you create a new project or open an existing project. In the Project Browser, you can choose from a list of preset project types or set custom project properties (resolution, frame rate, and duration).

Project pane

A pane containing three lists, each of which provides access to a different aspect of your project. The Layers list displays the stacking order of objects (groups, layers, cameras, lights, behaviors, filters, and so on) in your project. The Media list shows all still-image files and video files imported into your project. The Audio list shows all audio files imported in your project (and allows you to adjust basic audio parameters of each audio file, such as volume).

Rec. 709

Short for ITU-R Recommendation BT.709, the standard broadcast color space for high-definition (HD) television.

Rec. 2020

Short for ITU-R Recommendation BT.2020, the designated color space for ultra-high-definition (UHDTV) television with standard dynamic range and wide color gamut.

Rec. 2100

A wide-gamut HDR standard that uses Rec. 2020 color primaries and either PQ or HLG transfer functions.

Rosetta

A translation process that provides application compatibility between different CPU architectures. When Mac computers transitioned from PowerPC-based systems to Intel-based systems, Rosetta dynamically translated most PowerPC-based applications to work with Intel-based Macs. Using the translation technology of Rosetta 2 in macOS Big Sur, Mac apps that haven’t been updated will run on Apple silicon.

standard dynamic range (SDR)

The conventional technique for processing luminance (brightness) and color values in images, developed in the mid-1900s, with a nominal maximum brightness of 100 nits (candelas per square meter) and a dynamic range of 6 to 10 stops. Some newer imaging devices can display high dynamic-range (HDR) images, representing a much wider range of brightness levels.

Timing pane

A pane at the bottom of the Motion window, lets you view and modify the time component of a project’s contents. In the Timing pane, you can view the Video Timeline, Audio Timeline, or Keyframe Editor (each alone or in a combined view).

timing toolbar

Controls immediately below the canvas toolbar for project playback (transport controls), keyframe recording, muting audio, looping playback, and showing or hiding elements in the Timing pane.

tone mapping

A technique that restricts the wide range of luminance values in high-dynamic-range (HDR) images to a narrower range of brightness values that can be shown on a standard-dynamic-range (SDR) display.

toolbar

Controls at the top of the Motion window to import media, add effects and other objects to your project, display interface components, and export your finished project.

transcode

To convert a media file to a different format or change its properties. All media files use a format. Video format examples include Apple ProRes, H.264, HDV, and MPEG-4. Video files also have a variety of properties, such as video frame size and frame rate, data rate, and audio sample rate. Compressor, an Apple app designed to work with Motion, makes transcoding media files a fast and easy process.

transport controls

Controls in the timing toolbar (under the canvas toolbar) for project playback.

USDZ

A 3D file format developed by Pixar and Apple based on Pixar’s Universal Scene Description (USD) framework. Although the assets are rendered in a single zip archive, the file format is a zero-compression, unencrypted zip archive of the USD format. USDZ was developed for creating and easily sharing 3D augmented reality (AR) content.

watermark

A visible graphic or text overlay applied to an image or a video clip to indicate that it’s protected by a copyright. Watermarks are used to discourage the use of images or media without the copyright holder’s explicit permission.

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