Contactless passes in Apple Pay

To transmit data from supported passes to compatible NFC terminals, Apple uses the Apple Value Added Services (Apple VAS) protocol. The VAS protocol can be implemented on third-party contactless terminals or in iPhone apps and uses NFC to communicate with supported Apple devices. The VAS protocol works over a short distance and can be used to present contactless passes independently or as part of an Apple Pay transaction.

When the device is held near the NFC terminal, the terminal initiates receiving the pass information by sending a request for a pass. If the user has a pass with the pass provider’s identifier, the user is asked to authorize its use using one of the following methods:

  • Biometric authentication

  • Device passcode or password

  • Double-clicking the side button of an unlocked Apple Watch

The pass information, a timestamp, and a single-use random ECDH P-256 key are used with the pass provider’s public key to derive an encryption key for the pass data, which is sent to the terminal.

From iOS 12.0.1 through iOS 13, users may manually select a pass before presenting it to the merchant’s NFC terminal. On devices with iOS 13.1 or later, pass providers can configure manually selected passes to either require user authentication or be used without authentication.

Published Date: December 19, 2024
See alsoPayment authorization with Apple PayAdding credit or debit cards to Apple PayAdding credit or debit cards from an iTunes Store account

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