Logic Pro User Guide for Mac

• Welcome
• What’s new in Logic Pro
  • What’s new in Logic Pro for Mac 11.1
  • What’s new in Logic Pro for Mac 11
  • What’s new in Logic Pro for Mac 10.8
  • What’s new in Logic Pro for Mac 10.7.8
  • What’s new in Logic Pro for Mac 10.7.5
  • What’s new in Logic Pro 10.7.3
  • What’s new in Logic Pro 10.7
  • What’s new in Logic Pro 10.6
  • What’s new in Logic Pro 10.5
  • What’s new in Logic Pro 10.4
  • What’s new in Logic Pro 10.3
  • What’s new in Logic Pro 10.2
  • What’s new in Logic Pro 10.0
• Get started with Logic Pro
  • Get started overview
  • Workflow overview
  • Logic Pro main window
  • Projects
  • Playback and navigation
  • Tempo, key, and time signature
  • Tracks
    • Audio tracks
    • Software instrument tracks
    • Track header controls
  • Patches
  • Arranging regions
  • Editing regions
    • Piano Roll Editor
    • Audio Track Editor
  • Session Players
  • Smart Controls
  • Live Loops
  • Mixing
  • Apple Loops
  • Smart Tempo
  • Sharing
• Logic Pro basics
  • What is Logic Pro for Mac?
  • Logic Pro interface overview
    • Main window interface
    • Tracks area interface
    • Library interface
    • Inspector interface
    • Mixer interface
    • Smart Controls interface
    • Editors
      • Audio Track Editor interface
      • Piano Roll Editor interface
      • Session Player Editor interface
      • Score Editor interface
      • Step Editor interface
      • Audio File Editor interface
    • Note Pads
      • Project notes interface
      • Track notes interface
    • List Editors
      • Event List interface
      • Marker List interface
      • Tempo List interface
      • Signature List interface
    • Loop Browser interface
    • Browsers
      • Project Audio Browser interface
      • All Files Browser interface
  • Logic Pro project basics
  • Work with windows
    • Open and close windows
    • Move and resize windows
    • Zoom windows
    • Scale plug-in windows
    • Move through display levels
    • Control windows using Catch modes
    • Control window relationships
    • Control windows using screensets
      • Create, recall, and switch screensets
      • Protect, copy, rename, and delete screensets
      • Import screensets
      • Revert to saved screensets
  • Work with tools
    • Tools overview
    • Assign tools
    • Common tools
  • Use menu commands and key commands
  • Use the complete set of Logic Pro features
  • Undo and redo edits
  • Manage Logic Pro content
  • How to get help
• Connect external devices
  • Hardware connection overview
  • Connect audio devices
    • Audio devices overview
    • Connect a microphone
    • Connect an electric instrument
    • Connect an audio interface
    • Connect speakers
    • Configure a connected audio device
    • Configure Apogee and Avid devices
  • Connect MIDI devices
    • MIDI devices overview
    • Connect a USB music keyboard
    • Connect MIDI keyboards and modules
    • About multichannel MIDI devices
    • Stop local sound generation
  • Use virtual MIDI devices in Logic Pro
    • Virtual MIDI devices overview in Logic Pro for Mac
    • Record MIDI messages from another music app
    • Send MIDI messages from Logic Pro for Mac to another music app
• Work with projects
  • Projects overview
  • Create projects
  • Open projects
  • Save projects
  • Delete projects
  • Play and navigate projects
    • Play a project
    • Set the playhead position
    • Control playback with the transport buttons
    • Use transport shortcut menus
    • Use transport key commands
    • Customize the control bar
    • Change the LCD display mode in Logic Pro for Mac
    • Monitor and reset MIDI events
    • Use the cycle area
    • Use the Chase Events function
    • Use Apple Remote to control Logic Pro
  • Use Logic Remote to control Logic Pro projects
  • Set project properties
    • Project properties overview
    • Set the project tempo
    • Set the project key signature
    • Set the project time signature
    • Set the project sample rate
    • Set the project start and end points
    • Set the project playback volume
  • Manage projects
    • Project management overview
    • Use project alternatives and backups
    • Clean up projects
    • Manage project assets
    • Consolidate assets in a project
    • Rename projects
    • Copy and move projects
    • Import data and settings from other projects
  • Preview projects in the Finder
  • Close projects
  • View project information
• Work with tracks
  • Tracks overview
  • Track basics
    • Create tracks
    • Create tracks using drag and drop
    • Create tracks using existing channel strips
    • Assign tracks to different channel strips
    • Choose the default region type for software instrument tracks
    • Select tracks
    • Duplicate tracks
    • Rename tracks
    • Change track icons
    • Change track colors
    • Reorder tracks
    • Zoom tracks
    • Replace or double drum sounds
  • Use track header controls
    • Track header overview
    • Mute tracks
    • Solo tracks
    • Set track volume levels
    • Set track pan positions
    • Enable tracks for recording
    • Turn on input monitoring for audio tracks
    • Use track alternatives
    • Turn off tracks
    • Protect tracks
    • Freeze tracks
    • Hide tracks
    • Delete tracks
    • Edit multiple tracks
  • Work with patches in the Library
    • Patches overview
    • Choose a patch
    • Choose presets and other files in the Library
    • View patches for a particular sound pack
    • Search for patches by name
    • Merge patch settings with the current patch
    • Reset patches
    • Save custom patches
    • Map performance patches
  • Work with track stacks
    • Track stacks overview
    • Create and edit track stacks
    • Track stacks and the Library
  • Control timing with the groove track
  • Work with articulations
    • Articulation editing overview
    • Manage articulations in the Editors
    • Manage articulations for software instruments
    • Manage articulations with the Articulation Set Editor
  • Bounce tracks and regions in place
    • Bounce in place overview
    • Bounce a track in place
    • Bounce all tracks in place
    • Bounce regions in place
  • Use selection-based processing
  • Export tracks and regions
    • Export tracks as audio files
    • Export regions as audio files
    • Move audio files used for audio regions
    • Export MIDI regions
  • Edit track parameters
• Record your voice or a musical instrument
  • Overview
  • Record audio
    • Before recording audio
    • Record sound from a microphone or an electric instrument
    • Record multiple audio takes
    • Record to multiple audio tracks
    • Punch in and out of audio recordings
    • Replace audio recordings
    • Delete audio recordings
  • Record software instruments
    • Before recording software instruments
    • Play software instruments
    • Record software instruments
    • Record additional software instrument takes
    • Overdub software instrument recordings
    • Spot erase software instrument recordings
    • Use Note Repeat
    • Replace software instrument recordings
    • Record to multiple software instrument tracks
    • Record multiple MIDI devices to multiple tracks
    • Record software instruments and audio simultaneously
    • Use step input recording techniques
    • Record MIDI messages from another music app
    • Route MIDI internally to software instrument tracks
  • Use the metronome
  • Advanced recording techniques
    • Advanced recording commands
    • Color takes while recording
    • Mark takes while recording
    • Capture your most recent MIDI performance
  • Comp your audio recordings
    • Comping overview
    • Preview take recordings
    • Create, save, edit, and rename comps
      • Create and save comps
      • Edit comps
      • Rename takes and comps
      • Delete takes and comps
    • Edit take regions
      • Edit start and end points of take regions
      • Cut take folders and take regions
      • Move take folders and take regions
    • Manage take folder contents
      • Export takes and comps
      • Move takes and comps
      • Flatten and merge take folders
      • Unpack take folders
      • Pack regions into take folders
• Use loops and other media files
  • Using loops and other media in Logic Pro
  • Use Apple Loops in your projects
    • Apple Loops in Logic Pro
    • Search for Apple Loops
    • Play Apple Loops
    • Access your favorite Apple Loops
    • Add Apple Loops to your projects
    • Create your own Apple Loops
    • Customize the Loop Browser
    • Work with untagged loops
  • Import and search for files
    • Import media files
    • Search for media files
    • Media file search conditions
  • Bookmark folders in the All Files Browser
  • Use the Project Audio Browser
    • Project Audio Browser overview
    • Add and delete audio files
    • Play audio regions in the Project Audio Browser
    • Sort, group, and rename audio files
    • Move, copy, and convert audio files
    • Export and import audio region information
  • Import compressed audio files
  • Supported media and file formats
    • Media and file formats overview
    • GarageBand projects
    • Final Cut Pro XML files
    • Standard MIDI files
    • AAF files
• Arrange a project
  • Arranging overview
  • Work in the Tracks area
    • Tracks area overview
    • Position items using the ruler
    • Position items using alignment guides
    • Snap items to the grid
    • Automatically zoom the Tracks area
    • Quantize regions
    • Control positioning with drag modes
    • Scrub a project
    • Scroll and zoom in the Tracks area
    • Customize the toolbar
  • Arrange regions in the Tracks area
    • Regions overview
    • Select regions
    • Select parts of regions
    • Cut, copy, and paste regions
    • Move regions
    • Add or remove gaps
    • Delay region playback
    • Loop regions
    • Repeat regions
    • Resize regions
    • Mute and solo regions
    • Time stretch regions
    • Reverse audio regions
    • Split regions
    • Demix MIDI regions
    • Join regions
    • Create regions in the Tracks area
    • Change the gain of audio regions in the Tracks area
    • Normalize audio regions in the Tracks area
    • Create aliases of MIDI regions
    • Convert repeated MIDI regions to loops
    • Change the color of regions
    • Convert a MIDI region into a pattern region in Logic Pro for Mac
    • Replace a MIDI region with a Session Player region in Logic Pro for Mac
    • Convert audio regions to samples for a sampler instrument
    • Rename regions
    • Delete regions
  • Work with chords
    • Chords overview
    • Add and delete chords
    • Select chords
    • Cut, copy, and paste chords
    • Move and resize chords
    • Loop chords on the Chord track
    • Transpose chords
    • Edit chords
    • Work with chord groups
    • Use chord progressions
    • Change the chord rhythm
    • Choose which chords a Session Player region follows
    • Analyze the key signature of a range of chords
  • Create fades and crossfades on audio regions
    • Create fades on audio regions
    • Edit fades
    • Create automatic crossfades
    • Delete fades
  • Extract vocal and instrumental stems with Stem Splitter
  • Remove silent passages from audio files
    • Remove silent passages
    • Uses for Remove Silence
  • Work with folders
    • Folders overview
    • Pack and unpack folders
    • Open and close folders
    • Add and remove regions from folders
  • Create groove templates
  • Edit region parameters
    • Use the Region inspector
    • Audio region parameters
    • MIDI region parameters
    • MIDI quantization types
    • Quantize parameter values
    • Advanced quantization parameters
• Edit audio regions in the Audio Track Editor
  • Overview
  • Select audio regions
  • Cut, copy, and paste audio regions
  • Move audio regions
  • Trim audio regions
  • Split and join audio regions
  • Snap edits to zero crossings
  • Delete audio regions
  • Use Flex Time and Pitch in the Logic Pro for Mac Audio Track Editor
  • Use automation in the Audio Track Editor
• Edit MIDI regions in the Piano Roll Editor
  • Overview
  • Add and edit notes
    • Add notes
    • Select notes
    • Snap items to the grid
    • Move notes
    • Copy notes
    • Change the pitch of notes
    • Resize notes
    • Edit note velocity
    • Quantize the timing of notes
    • Quantize the pitch of notes
    • Change note articulations
    • Lock the position of events
    • Mute notes
    • Change note color
    • View note labels
    • Delete notes
    • Time stretch notes
  • View multiple MIDI regions
  • Split chords
  • Automation/MIDI area in the Piano Roll Editor
  • Open other editors
• Work with Session Players
  • Session Players overview
  • The Session Player Editor
  • Choose a Session Player type and style
  • Chords and Session Players
  • Choose Session Player presets
  • Edit a Session Player performance
    • Edit a Session Player performance
    • Edit a Keyboard Player performance
    • Edit a Bass Player performance
    • Edit a Drummer performance
    • Create a custom pattern
  • Regenerate a Session Player performance
  • Follow rhythm of chords and other tracks
  • Work with Drummer multi-channel kits
  • Convert Session Player regions into MIDI or pattern regions
• Edit the timing and pitch of audio
  • Flex Time and Pitch overview
  • Edit the timing of audio
    • Flex Time algorithms and parameters
    • Time stretch using flex markers
    • Time stretch using marquee selections
    • Flex tool time stretching
    • Delete, reset, and move flex markers
    • Adjust the timing of Flex Time activated tracks using the Quantize menu
  • Edit the pitch of audio
    • Flex Pitch algorithm and parameters
    • Edit pitch and timing with Flex Pitch
    • Quickly edit audio pitch in the Tracks area
    • Correct the timing of audio regions with Flex Pitch
    • Quantize the pitch of audio regions
    • Create MIDI from audio recordings
    • Change the gain of notes in audio regions
  • Use Varispeed to alter the speed and pitch of audio
• Advanced edit features
  • Logic Pro for Mac advanced editors overview
  • Event List
    • Event List overview
    • Event List display options
      • View events and regions in the Event List
      • Filter event types
      • View events outside the display area
      • Change the position and width of columns in the Event List
    • Select and create events in the Event List
      • Select events in the Event List
      • Create events in the Event List
    • Edit events in the Event List
      • Edit events overview
      • Change the position and length of events
      • Protect the position of events
      • Change event values
      • Edit articulation IDs for note events
      • Mute and delete regions and events
    • Event Types
      • Note events
      • Control change events
      • Pitch bend events
      • Program change events
      • Aftertouch events
      • Poly aftertouch events
      • SysEx events
      • Meta events
    • Event Float window
  • Step Editor
    • Step Editor overview
    • Create and edit steps in the Step Editor
      • Change the grid and step display
      • Create steps in the Step Editor
      • Select steps in the Step Editor
      • Delete steps in the Step Editor
      • Restore deleted steps in the Step Editor
      • Change step values in the Step Editor
      • Move and copy steps in the Step Editor
      • Protect the position of steps
    • Lane parameters
      • Lane parameters overview
      • Create lanes
      • Edit Lane parameters
      • Use the Lane inspector
    • Use Lane Sets
  • Audio File Editor
    • Audio File Editor overview
    • Audio File Editor interface
      • Audio File Editor interface overview
      • Change the waveform display
      • Change the waveform amplitude scale
      • Change the ruler display
    • Play audio files in the Audio File Editor
    • Navigate audio files in the Audio File Editor
    • Make selections in the Audio File Editor
      • Make basic selections
      • Use transient markers to make selections
      • Set project tempo with selected audio
    • Edit and process audio in the Audio File Editor
      • Audio File Editor edit commands
      • Edit audio files with transient markers
      • Use the Audio File Editor Pencil tool
      • Trim or silence audio files
      • Remove DC offset
      • Set audio file levels
      • Normalize audio files
      • Fade audio files
      • Reverse audio and invert phase
      • Audio File Editor Loop commands
      • Undo Audio File Editor edits
      • Backup audio files
    • Use an external sample editor
  • MIDI Transform window
    • MIDI Transform window overview
    • Use MIDI transform sets
    • MIDI Transform window presets
    • MIDI Transform window parameters
      • MIDI Transform window parameters overview
      • Set selection conditions
      • Set operations parameters
      • Use the MIDI Transform map
      • Exchange parameter values
    • MIDI Transform window examples
• Mix a project
  • Mixing overview
  • Mixer channel strips
    • Channel strip types
    • Channel strip controls
  • Set channel strip volume and check levels
    • Peak level display and signal clipping
    • Set volume levels
    • Check levels
    • Set pre-fader metering in Logic Pro for Mac
  • Set channel strip input format
  • Set channel strip pan or balance positions
  • Mute and solo channel strips
  • Reorder channel strips in the Mixer
  • Work with plug-ins
    • Plug-ins overview
    • Add, remove, move, and copy plug-ins
    • Search for plug-ins in the Mixer
    • Insert a plug-in on a track using drag and drop
    • Activate plug-ins on inactive channel strips
    • Use the Channel EQ
    • Work in the plug-in window
    • Work with plug-in settings
    • Work with plug-in latencies
    • Work with Audio Units in Logic Pro for Mac
    • Support for ARA 2 compatible plug-ins
    • Use MPE with software instruments
    • Use the Plug-in Manager
  • Work with channel strip settings
  • Control channel strip signal flow in the Mixer
    • Route audio via insert effects
    • Route audio via send effects
    • Adjust panning for sends independently
    • Use aux channel strips
      • Aux channel strips overview
      • Create mix subgroups
      • Send signals to multiple destinations
    • Use multi-output instruments
    • Use output channel strips
    • Define a channel strip’s stereo output
    • Define a channel strip’s mono output
    • Create tracks for signal flow channel strips
  • Work with Mixer groups
    • Groups overview
    • Group Settings window
    • Create and delete groups in Logic Pro for Mac
    • Edit group membership
    • Automate groups
    • Edit groups
    • Use VCA groups
  • Surround panning
  • Binaural panning
    • Binaural panning overview
    • Use the Binaural Panner knob
    • Use the Binaural Post-Processing plug-in
  • Work with MIDI channel strips
    • MIDI channel strips overview
    • Adjust elements of MIDI channel strips
    • Save and restore MIDI channel strip settings
  • Customize the Mixer
    • Change the Mixer view
    • Navigate within the Mixer
    • View channel strips linked to folder tracks
    • Rename channel strips
    • Add track notes in the Mixer
    • View control surface bars
    • Link control surfaces to the Mixer
  • Use the I/O Labels window
  • Undo and redo Mixer and plug-in adjustments
• Automate mix and effects settings
  • Automation overview
  • Track automation vs. region automation
  • Show automation curves
  • Choose automation modes
  • Add automation to tracks
    • Add and adjust automation points
    • Adjust a range of automation points
    • Record live automation
  • Select, copy, move, and delete automation
    • Select, copy, and move automation
    • Delete automation
  • Snap automation to grid positions
  • Edit automation in the Automation Event List
  • Write automation with external controllers
• Use Smart Controls
  • Smart Controls overview
  • Show Smart Controls for master effects
  • Choose a Smart Control layout
  • Automatic MIDI controller assignment
  • Map screen controls automatically
  • Map screen controls
  • Edit mapping parameters
  • Use parameter mapping graphs
  • Open the plug-in window for a screen control
  • Rename a screen control
  • Use articulation IDs to change articulations
  • Assign hardware controls to screen controls
  • Compare Smart Control edits with saved settings
  • Use the Arpeggiator
  • Automate screen control movements
• Use Live Loops
  • Live Loops overview
  • Start and stop cells
  • Work with Live Loops cells
  • Record to cells
    • Record to cells
    • Record and edit takes in cells
  • Change loop settings for cells
  • How the Live Loops grid and Tracks area interact
  • Edit cells
  • Edit scenes
  • Work in the Cell Editor
  • Bounce cells
  • Record a Live Loops performance
  • Change Live Loops grid settings
  • Control Live Loops with other devices
• Use Step Sequencer
  • Step Sequencer overview
  • Use Step Sequencer with Drum Machine Designer
  • Create Step Sequencer patterns
    • Pattern creation basics
    • Change the musical length of a pattern
    • Use edit modes
    • Pattern creation examples
  • Record Step Sequencer patterns live
  • Step record Step Sequencer patterns
  • Load and save patterns
  • Modify pattern playback
  • Edit steps
  • Edit rows
  • Step Sequencer inspector
  • Customize Step Sequencer
• Edit global project settings
  • Global changes overview
  • Use the global tracks
    • Global tracks overview
    • Show and hide global tracks
    • Resize and reorder global tracks
  • Work with markers
    • Markers overview
    • Add markers
    • Edit markers
    • Rename markers
    • Navigate using markers
    • Use marker sets
    • Customize how markers appear
    • Use marker information
    • Delete markers
  • Build a project with arrangement markers
    • Arrangement markers overview
    • Add arrangement markers
    • Edit arrangement markers
  • Work with time and key signatures
    • Time and key signature overview
    • Create time signature changes
    • Create key signature changes
    • Edit time and key signatures
    • Delete signatures
    • Use signature sets
  • Control transposition with the Pitch Source parameter
  • Work with tempo
    • Tempo overview
    • Create tempo changes with the Tempo track
      • Tempo track overview
      • Add and edit tempo points
      • Move and copy tempo points
      • Create tempo curves
    • Use the Tempo List
      • Tempo List overview
      • Add tempo changes in the Tempo List
      • Use tempo sets
    • Use Smart Tempo
      • Smart Tempo overview
      • Use free tempo recording
      • Choose the Project Tempo mode
      • Choose the Flex & Follow setting
      • Use Smart Tempo with multitrack audio
      • Work in the Smart Tempo Editor
      • Improve the tempo analysis using hints
      • Correct tempo analysis results using beat markers
      • Protect Smart Tempo edits by locking a range
    • Match audio recordings to the project tempo
    • Match the tempo to an audio region
    • Use audio file tempo information
    • Record tempo changes
    • Use Tempo Operations
      • Tempo Operations overview
      • Create and edit tempo changes
    • Use the Tempo Interpreter
    • Use the tempo fader
  • Work with beat mapping
    • Beat mapping overview
    • On MIDI regions
    • On audio regions
    • Automatic beat mapping
  • Control project volume
• Create a musical score
  • Overview
  • Work in the Score Editor
    • Score Editor overview
    • View music notation
    • Import MusicXML files
    • Position items graphically
    • Move and copy items
    • Resize notes and symbols
    • Adjust display headroom
    • Repeat events
    • Insert items in multiple regions
    • Edit multiple items
    • Select multiple regions
    • Hide regions
  • Add notes
  • Add notes and symbols from the Part box
    • Part box overview
    • View score symbols
    • Select score symbols
    • Add notes and rests
    • Add notes and symbols to multiple regions
    • Add key and time signature changes
    • Change the clef sign
    • Add dynamic marks, slurs, and crescendi
    • Change note heads
    • Add symbols to notes
    • Add trills, ornaments, and tremolo symbols
    • Add sustain pedal markings
    • Add chord symbols
    • Add chord grids and tablature symbols
    • Add bar lines, repeats, and coda signs
    • Add page and line break symbols
  • Edit notes in the Score Editor
    • Select notes
    • Move and copy notes
    • Change note pitch, duration, and velocity
    • Change note articulations
    • Quantize the timing of notes
    • Edit note attributes
      • Note attributes overview
      • Change note heads
      • Change note size and position
      • Change how accidentals appear
      • Change how beams appear
      • Change voice and staff assignments
      • Change the direction of ties
      • Change note syncopation and interpretation
      • Use independent notes
      • Change note color
      • Reset note attributes
    • Restrict note input to the current key
    • Control how ties are displayed
    • Add and edit tuplets
    • Override display quantization using tuplets
    • Add grace notes and independent notes
    • Delete notes
  • Use automation in the Score Editor
  • Add lyrics and text
    • Lyrics and text overview
    • Add lyrics to a score
    • Add and edit text
      • Add text to a score
      • Edit text in a score
      • Edit score text event parameters
      • Use text styles
    • Add automatic text
    • Add global text
  • Work with chord grids
    • Chord grids overview
    • Instrument Editor
    • Chord Grid Selector
    • Chord Grid Editor
    • Insert and edit chord grids
    • Create custom chord grids in the Chord Grid Editor
      • Create and edit chord grids
      • Add and edit fingering dots
      • Add and edit barres
      • Mute strings in a chord grid
    • Add and edit chord grid libraries
    • Import and export chord grid libraries
  • Edit score region parameters
    • Score region parameters overview
    • Style
    • Quantize
    • Interpretation
    • Syncopation
    • No Overlap
    • Max Dots
    • Score
    • Edit default parameters for new regions
  • Work with staff styles
    • Staff styles overview
    • Assign staff styles to tracks
    • Staff Style window
    • Create and duplicate staff styles
    • Edit staff styles
    • Edit staff, voice, and assign parameters
    • Add and delete staffs or voices in the Staff Style window in Logic Pro for Mac
    • Copy staffs or voices in the Staff Style window in Logic Pro for Mac
    • Copy staff styles between projects
    • Delete staff styles
    • Assign notes to voices and staffs
    • Display polyphonic parts on separate staffs
    • Change the staff assignment of score symbols
    • Beam notes across staffs
    • Use mapped staff styles for drum notation
    • Predefined staff styles
  • Create scores and parts using score sets
    • Score sets overview
    • Choose a score set
    • Create and delete score sets
    • Edit score set parameters
    • Change the instruments in a score set
    • Resize score sets
    • Create layouts for a score and its parts
    • Extract parts from a score
    • Import score sets from other projects
  • Edit the score layout
    • Score layout overview
    • Edit line breaks
    • Line and page breaks
    • Edit local margins
    • Use external symbol fonts
  • Share a score
  • Customize the Score Editor
    • Choose a color mode
    • Show folder contents
    • Display global tracks
    • Show instrument names
    • Display duration bars
    • Edit the length of duration bars
    • Display guide lines
• Share projects
  • Sharing overview
  • Bounce projects
    • Bounce a project to an audio file
    • Burn a project to a CD or DVD
    • Set the bounce range
    • Set bounce options
      • PCM bounce options
      • MP3 bounce options
      • M4A: AAC bounce options
    • About dithering algorithms
  • Share songs to the Music app
  • Share songs to Voice Memos
  • Share songs using AirDrop
  • Share songs using MailDrop
  • Share a project to GarageBand for iOS
  • Share a project to Logic Pro for iPad
  • Export projects
    • Export a project as an AAF file
    • Export a project as a Final Cut Pro XML file
    • Export a score as Music XML
• Work in surround and spatial audio
  • Overview of surround and spatial audio
  • Creating surround and spatial audio projects
    • Mixer components in surround and spatial audio projects
    • Basic settings for surround and spatial audio projects
      • Set the project surround format
      • Change the order of surround level meters
      • Surround settings
    • Create surround projects
      • Create a new surround project
      • Set the channel strip input format
      • Set the channel strip output format
    • Create spatial audio projects with Dolby Atmos
      • Set up for mixing in Dolby Atmos
      • Create a Dolby Atmos project
      • Create a Dolby Atmos project from an ADM BWF file
  • Mixing in spatial audio with Dolby Atmos
    • Overview of spatial audio with Dolby Atmos
    • Dolby Atmos basics
      • Bed tracks and object tracks
      • Rendering a Dolby Atmos mix in Logic Pro for Mac
  • Surround Panner
    • Surround Panner overview
    • Surround Panner parameters
  • 3D Object Panner
    • 3D Object Panner overview
    • 3D Object Panner parameters
  • Multichannel effect plug-ins
    • Plug-in formats overview
    • Surround effects
    • Multi-mono effects
    • Multi-mono effects Configuration pane
    • Adjust multi-mono effects
  • Dolby Atmos plug-in
    • Dolby Atmos plug-in overview
    • Surround bed and 3D objects
    • 3D Object Viewer
    • Monitoring formats
    • Binaural render modes
    • Downmix and trim controls
    • Dolby Atmos plug-in signal flow
  • Bounce and export spatial audio and surround projects
    • Bounce surround audio files
    • Export ADM BWF files
  • Additional spatial audio and Dolby Atmos information
    • Convert spatial audio and surround projects
    • Import object and bed tracks from spatial audio projects
    • Surround formats in a Dolby Atmos mix
    • Plug-ins for the surround master channel strip
    • Dolby Atmos mixing workflows
  • Additional surround information
    • Surround formats overview
    • Surround format channel distribution
    • Surround bounce file encoders
    • Speaker placement
    • Speaker timing and levels
• Video and synchronization
  • Video and synchronization overview
  • Use movies in Logic Pro
    • Add a movie to your project
    • Use the Movie window
    • About the Movie track
    • Use movie scene markers
    • Use movie audio tracks
    • Create and edit soundtracks
      • Soundtracks overview
      • Work with absolute timecode
  • Logic Pro synchronization
    • Synchronization overview
    • External synchronization
    • Ableton Link in Logic Pro for Mac
    • MTC interpretation
    • MIDI Machine Control
    • Synchronization problems and solutions
• Settings, project settings, and key commands
  • Logic Pro settings
    • Logic Pro settings overview
    • General settings
      • Project Handling settings
      • Editing settings
      • Cycle settings
      • Catch settings
      • Notifications settings
      • Accessibility settings
    • Audio settings
      • Devices settings
      • General settings
      • Sampler settings
      • Editing settings
      • Output settings
      • Bounce Extensions settings
      • Input settings
      • File Editor settings
      • MP3 settings
    • Recording settings
    • MIDI settings
      • General settings
      • Reset Messages settings
      • Sync settings
      • Inputs settings
    • Score settings
    • Movie settings
    • Automation settings
    • Control Surfaces settings
      • General settings
      • Help Tags settings
      • MIDI Controllers settings
    • View settings
      • General settings
      • Tracks settings
      • Mixer settings
      • Editors settings
    • My Info settings
    • Advanced settings
  • Project settings
    • Project settings overview
    • General project settings
    • Audio project settings
      • General project settings
      • Channel Strips project settings
    • Recording project settings
    • Smart Tempo project settings
    • MIDI project settings
      • General project settings
      • Input Filter project settings
      • Chase project settings
      • Clip Length project settings
    • Score project settings
      • Global project settings
      • Numbers & Names project settings
      • Tablature project settings
      • Chords & Grids project settings
      • Clefs & Signatures project settings
      • Layout project settings
      • MIDI Meaning project settings
      • Colors project settings
    • Movie project settings
    • Synchronization project settings
      • General project settings
      • Audio project settings
      • MIDI project settings
      • Unitor project settings
    • Metronome project settings
    • Tuning description and settings
      • Tuning overview
      • The comma and equal temperament
      • Hermode Tuning
      • Tuning project settings
    • Assets project settings
  • Key commands
    • Key commands overview
    • Browse, import, and save key commands
    • Assign key commands
    • Copy and print key commands
    • Key command tables
      • Global Commands
      • Global Control Surfaces Commands
      • Various Windows
      • Windows Showing Audio Files
      • Main Window Tracks and Various Editors
      • Various Editors
      • Views Showing Time Ruler
      • Views Showing Automation
      • Main Window Tracks
      • Live Loops Grid
      • Mixer
      • MIDI Environment
      • Piano Roll
      • Score Editor
      • Event Editor
      • Step Editor
      • Step Sequencer
      • Project Audio
      • Audio File Editor
      • Smart Tempo Editor
      • Library
      • Sampler
      • Drum Machine Designer
      • Step Input Keyboard
      • Smart Controls
      • Tool Menu
      • Control Surface Install Window
  • Pointer shortcuts
    • Logic Pro projects
    • Various windows
    • Controller Assignments window
    • Control bar
    • Tracks area
    • Global tracks
    • Automation
    • Live Loops grid
    • Mixer
    • MIDI Environment
    • Piano Roll Editor
    • Score Editor
    • Event List
    • Step Editor
    • Step Sequencer
    • Flex Time
    • Audio File Editor
    • Smart Tempo Editor
    • Surround Panner
    • Channel EQ
    • Space Designer
    • Sampler
• Touch Bar shortcuts
• Use Control Surfaces with Logic Pro
  • Use control surfaces
    • Working with your control surface
    • Connect control surfaces
    • Add a control surface to Logic Pro for Mac
    • Automatic assignment for USB MIDI controllers
    • Grouping control surfaces
    • Control surface inspector
      • Control surface inspector overview
      • Device parameters
      • Special device parameters
      • Control Surface Group parameters
        • Control Surface Group parameters overview
        • Control Surface Group display parameters
        • Control Surface Group send and plug-in parameters
        • Other parameters for Control Surface Groups
    • Control Surfaces settings overview
    • Modal dialog display
    • Tips for using your control surface
    • Supported control surfaces
    • Software and firmware for Logic Pro for Mac
  • Assign hardware controllers
    • Controller assignments overview
    • Controller Assignments Easy view
      • Controller Assignments Easy view
      • Assign and delete controllers in Easy view
    • Controller Assignments Expert view
      • Controller Assignments Expert view
      • Expert view parameters
      • Assign and delete controllers in Expert view
      • Zones and modes
      • Control Name and Label fields
      • Flip Group and Exclusive parameters
      • Class pop-up menu parameters
      • Expert view Input Message parameters
      • OSC Message Paths
      • Expert view Value parameters
    • Assign buttons to key commands
• Work in the Environment
  • Environment overview
  • Common object parameters
  • Work with Environment layers
    • Environment Layers overview
    • Create, name, delete, and switch layers
  • Work with Environment objects
    • Tools in the Environment
    • Add and delete objects
    • Move and copy objects
    • Adjust the position and size of objects
    • Use advanced selection commands
  • Create your MIDI signal path
    • MIDI signal path overview
    • Assign direct output connections
    • Cable Environment objects
    • Make multiple cable connections
    • Cable objects in series and in parallel
  • Exchange Environments
    • Exchanging Environments overview
    • Import Environments
    • Update and swap Environments
    • Replace Environments
  • Customize the Environment
  • Environment objects reference
    • Standard instrument objects
      • Standard instrument objects overview
      • Standard instrument parameters
    • Multi-instrument objects
      • Multi-instrument objects overview
      • Multi-Instrument window
      • Work with subchannels in the Environment
    • Mapped instrument objects
      • Mapped instrument objects overview
      • Mapped Instrument window
      • Custom bank selects
    • Touch track objects
      • Touch track objects overview
      • Touch Tracks window
    • Fader objects
      • Fader objects overview
      • Use fader objects
      • Play back fader movements
      • Work with object groups
      • Fader styles
      • Fader functions: MIDI events
      • Fader functions: range, value as
      • Fader functions: filter
      • Vector fader
      • Special faders overview
      • Cable switchers
      • Meta event faders
      • SysEx faders
      • Work with SysEx messages
      • Special functions
    • Alias objects
      • Alias objects overview
      • Alias parameters
    • Ornament objects
    • GM mixer objects
      • GM mixer objects overview
      • GM mixer parameters
      • Work with GM mixer channel strips
    • MMC record buttons
    • Keyboard objects
    • Monitor objects
    • Macro objects
      • Macro objects
      • Define a macro’s input and output
    • Arpeggiator objects
      • Arpeggiator objects
      • Arpeggiator parameters
    • Transformer objects
      • Transformer objects
      • How the transformer object works
      • Configure a transformer object
      • Use meta events to control condition and operation values
    • Delay line objects
      • Delay line objects
      • Delay line parameters
    • Voice limiter objects
      • Voice limiter objects
      • Voice limiter parameters
    • Channel splitter object
    • Chord memorizer objects
      • Chord memorizer objects
      • Chord memorizer parameters
      • Chord Memorizer window
    • Physical input objects
    • Physical input objects
    • MIDI click objects
    • Channel strip objects
      • Channel strip objects
      • Channel strip parameters
      • Input channel strip
      • Bus channel strip
      • Preview channel strip
• Logic Pro Effects
  • Effects overview
    • Effects overview
    • Add, remove, move, and copy plug-ins
  • Amps and pedals
    • Amps and pedals overview
    • Amp Designer
      • Amp Designer overview
      • Amp Designer models
      • Amp Designer cabinets
      • Build a custom combo
      • Amplifier controls
      • Equalizer overview
      • Effects overview
      • Reverb effect
      • Tremolo and vibrato
      • Microphone parameters
    • Bass Amp Designer
      • Bass Amp Designer overview
      • Bass amplifier models
      • Bass cabinet models
      • Build a custom combo
      • Signal flow
      • Pre-amp signal flow
      • Use the D.I. box
      • Amplifier controls
      • Bass Amp Designer effects overview
      • EQ
      • Compressor
      • Graphic EQ
      • Parametric EQ
      • Microphone parameters
    • Pedalboard
      • Pedalboard overview
      • Use the Pedal Browser
      • Use import mode
      • Use the Pedal area
      • Use the Router
      • Utility pedals
      • Use Macro Controls
    • Stompboxes
      • Stompboxes overview
      • Delay pedals
      • Distortion pedals
      • Dynamics pedals
      • Filter pedals
      • Modulation pedals
      • Pitch pedals
  • Delay effects
    • Delay effects overview
    • Delay Designer
      • Delay Designer overview
      • Use the main display
      • Use the Tap display
      • Create taps
      • Edit taps
      • Edit in the Tap display
      • Tap parameter bar
      • Use sync mode
      • Master parameters
      • Work in surround
    • Echo controls
    • Sample Delay controls
    • Stereo Delay controls
    • Tape Delay controls
  • Distortion effects
    • Distortion effects overview
    • Bitcrusher controls
    • ChromaGlow controls
    • Clip Distortion controls
    • Distortion effect controls
    • Distortion II controls
    • Overdrive controls
    • Phase Distortion controls
  • Dynamics processors
    • Dynamics processors overview
    • Adaptive Limiter controls
    • Compressor
      • Compressor overview
      • Compressor main parameters
      • Compressor output parameters
      • Compressor side chain parameters
      • Use Compressor
    • DeEsser 2 controls
    • Enveloper controls
    • Expander controls
    • Limiter controls
    • Multipressor
      • Multipressor overview
      • Multipressor display parameters
      • Frequency band controls
      • Output parameters
      • Use Multipressor
    • Noise Gate
      • Noise Gate overview
      • Use Noise Gate
    • Surround Compressor
      • Surround Compressor overview
      • Link parameters
      • Main parameters
      • LFE parameters
  • Equalizers
    • Equalizers overview
    • Channel EQ
      • Channel EQ overview
      • Channel EQ parameters
      • Use Channel EQ shortcut menus
      • Channel EQ extended parameters
      • Channel EQ use tips
      • Use the Channel EQ Analyzer
    • Linear Phase EQ
      • Linear Phase EQ overview
      • Linear Phase EQ parameters
      • Use Linear Phase EQ shortcut menus
      • Linear Phase EQ extended parameters
      • Linear Phase EQ use tips
      • Use the Linear Phase EQ Analyzer
    • Match EQ
      • Match EQ overview
      • Match EQ parameters
      • Use Match EQ
      • Edit the filter curve
    • Single Band EQ controls
    • Vintage EQ Collection
      • Vintage EQ collection overview
      • Vintage Console EQ controls
      • Vintage Graphic EQ controls
      • Vintage Tube EQ controls
  • Filter effects
    • Filter effects overview
    • AutoFilter
      • AutoFilter overview
      • Filter controls
      • Envelope controls
      • Distortion controls
      • LFO controls
      • Output controls
    • EVOC 20 Filterbank
      • EVOC 20 Filterbank overview
      • Formant Filter controls
      • Modulation controls
      • Output controls
    • EVOC 20 TrackOscillator
      • EVOC 20 TrackOscillator overview
      • Vocoder overview
      • EVOC 20 TrackOscillator interface
      • Analysis In controls
      • U/V detection controls
      • Synthesis In controls
      • Tracking oscillator controls
      • Tracking oscillator pitch controls
      • Formant filter controls
      • Modulation controls
      • Output controls
      • Extended parameters
    • Fuzz-Wah
      • Fuzz-Wah overview
      • Auto Wah controls
      • Compressor controls
      • Fuzz parameters
    • Spectral Gate
      • Spectral Gate overview
      • Use Spectral Gate
  • Imaging processors
    • Imaging processors overview
    • Binaural Post-Processing controls
    • Spatial Audio Monitoring
    • Direction Mixer
      • Direction Mixer
      • Stereo miking techniques
    • Stereo Spread controls
  • Mastering Assistant
    • Mastering Assistant overview
    • Add Mastering Assistant to a project
    • Mastering Assistant parameters
  • Metering tools
    • Metering tools overview
    • BPM Counter
    • Correlation Meter
    • Level Meter
    • Loudness Meter
    • MultiMeter
      • MultiMeter overview
      • Analyzer parameters
      • Goniometer parameters
      • Level and Loudness Meters
      • Correlation Meter
      • Peak parameters
    • Surround MultiMeter
      • Surround MultiMeter overview
      • Analyzer mode
      • Goniometer mode
      • Balance mode
      • Peak parameters
      • Loudness and Level Meters
    • Use Tuner utility and plug-in
  • MIDI plug-ins
    • Use MIDI plug-ins
    • Arpeggiator MIDI plug-in
      • Arpeggiator overview
      • Arpeggiator control parameters
      • Note order parameters overview
      • Note order variations
      • Note order inversions
      • Arpeggiator pattern parameters overview
      • Use Live mode
      • Use Grid mode
      • Arpeggiator options parameters
      • Arpeggiator keyboard parameters
      • Use keyboard parameters
      • Assign controllers
    • Chord Trigger
      • Chord Trigger overview
      • Use Chord Trigger
    • Modifier controls
    • Modulator
      • Modulator overview
      • LFO controls
      • Envelope controls
    • Note Repeater controls
    • Randomizer controls
    • Scripter
      • Use Scripter
      • Use the Script Editor
      • Scripter API overview
      • MIDI processing functions overview
      • HandleMIDI function
      • ProcessMIDI function
      • GetParameter function
      • SetParameter function
      • ParameterChanged function
      • Reset function
      • JavaScript objects overview
      • Use the JavaScript Event object
      • Use the JavaScript TimingInfo object
      • Use the Trace object
      • Use the MIDI event beatPos property
      • Use the JavaScript MIDI object
      • Create Scripter controls
    • Transposer controls
    • Velocity Processor
      • Velocity Processor overview
      • Compress/Expand mode
      • Value/Range mode
      • Add/Scale mode
    • Record MIDI to Track
  • Modulation effects
    • Modulation effects overview
    • Chorus controls
    • Ensemble controls
    • Flanger controls
    • Microphaser controls
    • Modulation Delay controls
    • Phaser controls
    • Ringshifter
      • Ringshifter overview
      • Ringshifter interface overview
      • Set the mode
      • Oscillator parameters
      • Delay parameters
      • Use envelope follower
      • Use LFO modulation
      • Output parameters
    • Rotor Cabinet effect
      • Rotor Cabinet effect overview
      • Motor parameters
      • Microphone types
      • Mic processing controls
    • Scanner Vibrato controls
    • Spreader controls
    • Tremolo controls
  • Multi effects
    • Multi-effects overview
    • Beat Breaker
      • Beat Breaker overview
      • Main Editor
      • Create a pattern
      • Time mode
      • Repeat mode
      • Volume mode
      • Work with slices
      • Work with patterns
    • Phat FX
      • Phat FX overview
      • Phat FX processors
      • Phat FX modulators
      • Global controls
      • Filter types
    • Remix FX
    • Step FX
      • Step FX overview
      • Step FX processors
      • Step modulator global controls
      • Step modulator playback controls
      • Step modulator display controls
      • Global controls
      • Filter types
  • Pitch effects
    • Pitch effects overview
    • Pitch Correction effect
      • Pitch Correction overview
      • Pitch Correction parameters
      • Quantization grid
      • Exclude notes from Pitch Correction
      • Use reference tuning
    • Pitch Shifter
      • Pitch Shifter overview
      • Use Pitch Shifter
    • Vocal Transformer
      • Vocal Transformer overview
      • Vocal Transformer parameters
      • Use Vocal Transformer
  • Reverb effects
    • Reverb effects overview
    • ChromaVerb
      • ChromaVerb overview
      • Main display and Damping EQ
      • Main view controls
      • Output EQ
      • Details view controls
      • Room types
    • EnVerb controls
    • Quantec Room Simulator
      • Quantec Room Simulator overview
      • Quantec Room Simulator: QRS controls
      • Quantec Room Simulator: YardStick controls
    • SilverVerb controls
  • Space Designer convolution reverb
    • Space Designer overview
    • Space Designer interface
    • Use impulse responses
    • Space Designer envelopes and EQ
      • Envelopes and EQ overview
      • Display mode bar
      • Edit envelopes
      • Volume envelope controls
      • Filter and filter envelope controls
      • Density envelope controls
      • Output EQ controls
    • Space Designer global parameters
      • Global parameters overview
      • Use global controls
      • Use output controls
  • Specialized effects
    • Specialized effects overview
    • Exciter controls
    • SubBass
      • SubBass overview
      • Controls
      • Use tips
  • Utilities and tools
    • Utilities and tools overview
    • Auto Sampler
      • Auto Sampler overview
      • Auto Sampler interface
      • Auto Sampler controls
      • Create a sampler instrument
      • Work with AutoSampled instruments
    • Down Mixer controls
    • Gain controls
    • Use I/O utility
    • Multichannel Gain controls
    • Test Oscillator
  • Legacy effects
    • Legacy effects overview
    • AVerb controls
    • Bass Amp controls
    • DeEsser controls
    • Denoiser
      • Denoiser overview
      • Smoothing parameters
    • Ducker controls
    • EQ
      • DJ EQ controls
      • Fat EQ controls
      • Single-Band EQ controls
      • Silver EQ controls
    • GoldVerb
      • GoldVerb overview
      • Early reflections controls
      • Reverb parameters
    • Grooveshifter controls
    • Guitar Amp Pro
      • Guitar Amp Pro overview
      • Amplifier models
      • Cabinet models
      • EQ controls
      • Amplifier controls
      • Effects
      • Mic parameters
    • PlatinumVerb
      • PlatinumVerb overview
      • Early reflections controls
      • Reverb parameters
      • Output parameters
    • Silver Compressor controls
    • Silver Gate controls
    • Speech Enhancer controls
• Logic Pro Instruments
  • Instruments overview
    • Instruments introduction
    • Add, remove, move, and copy plug-ins
    • Use multi-output instruments
  • Alchemy
    • Alchemy overview
    • Alchemy interface overview
    • Alchemy Name bar
    • Alchemy file locations
    • Alchemy Preset browser
      • Preset browser overview
      • Browser results list
    • Alchemy sound sources
      • Alchemy source overview
      • Source master controls
      • Import browser
      • Source subpage controls
      • Source filter controls
      • Source filter use tips
      • Source elements overview
      • Additive element controls
      • Additive element effects
      • Spectral element controls
      • Spectral element effects
      • Pitch correction controls
      • Formant filter controls
      • Granular element controls
      • Sampler element controls
      • VA element controls
      • Wide unison mode
      • Source modulations
      • Morph controls
    • Alchemy source editors
      • Alchemy source edit window overview
      • Inspector global controls
      • Inspector group controls
      • Inspector zone controls
      • Keymap editor
      • Zone waveform editor
      • Additive edit window overview
      • Partial bar display
      • Partial envelope controls
      • Spectral edit window
    • Alchemy main filters
      • Main filter controls
      • Filter types
    • Alchemy master voice section
    • Alchemy modulation section
      • Alchemy modulation overview
      • Modulation rack controls
      • LFO controls
      • AHDSR envelope controls
      • Multiple segment envelope controls
      • Sequencer
      • Envelope follower parameters
      • ModMap parameters
      • MIDI control modulators
      • Note property modulators
      • Perform control modulators
    • Alchemy Perform section
      • Performance controls overview
      • Transform pad
      • Performance control knobs
      • XY pad controls
      • Performance control envelopes
    • Alchemy arpeggiator
      • Alchemy arpeggiator overview
      • Basic arpeggiator controls
      • Arpeggiator sequencer controls
      • Arpeggiator menu commands
      • Use the arpeggiator
    • Alchemy effects section
      • Alchemy effects overview
      • Dynamic and utility effects
      • Filter effects
      • Modulation effects
      • Reverb effects
    • Alchemy Extended parameters
    • Alchemy tutorials
      • Alchemy tutorial introduction
      • Basic synthesis tweaks
      • Create sounds from scratch
      • Elemental morphs overview
      • Morph use and tips
      • Morph drum beats
      • Morph melodic sounds
      • Manipulate loops
  • Drum Kit Designer
    • Drum Kit Designer overview
    • Edit pane
    • Use Drum Kit Designer
    • Extended parameters
    • Drum Kit Designer mappings
  • Drum Machine Designer
    • Drum Machine Designer overview
    • Drum Machine Designer interface
    • Kit controls
    • Pad controls
      • Pad controls bar
      • Use pad controls
    • Kit Tone and Effect Smart Controls
    • Kit Piece Tone and Effect Smart Controls
  • Drum Synth
    • Drum Synth overview
    • Drum Synth Kicks
    • Drum Synth Snares and Claps
    • Drum Synth Percussion
    • Drum Synth Hats and Cymbals
  • ES1
    • ES1 overview
    • ES1 oscillator parameters
      • Oscillator parameters
      • Oscillator waveforms
      • Use the sub-oscillator
    • Global parameters
    • ES1 filter parameters
      • Filter parameters
      • Overdrive the filter
    • Amplifier parameters
    • ES1 envelope parameters
      • Envelope parameters
      • Filter cutoff envelope modulation
      • Amplifier envelope modulation
    • ES1 modulation
      • ES1 modulation overview
      • Use the router
      • Use the LFO
      • Use the modulation envelope
    • MIDI controller assignments
  • ES2
    • ES2 overview
    • ES2 interface overview
    • ES2 sound sources
      • Oscillator parameters overview
      • Basic oscillator waveforms
      • Use pulse width modulation
      • Use frequency modulation
      • Use ring modulation
      • Use Digiwaves
      • Use the noise generator
      • Detune analog oscillators
      • Stretch tuning
      • Balance oscillator levels
      • Set oscillator start points
      • Synchronize oscillators
    • ES2 global parameters
      • Global parameters overview
      • Set the keyboard mode
      • Use the unison and voices controls
      • Set the glide time
      • Set the pitch bend range
    • ES2 filter parameters
      • ES2 filter overview
      • Filter configuration
      • Crossfade between filters
      • Filter 1 modes
      • Filter 2 slopes
      • ES2 filter cutoff and resonance
        • Filter cutoff and resonance overview
        • Force the filters to self-oscillate
      • Overdrive the filters
      • Modulate the Filter 2 Frequency
    • ES2 amplifier parameters
      • Use the dynamic stage
      • Enhance sounds with the Sine Level control
    • ES2 modulation
      • ES2 modulation overview
      • ES2 modulation router
        • Use the modulation router
        • Control modulation intensity
      • ES2 LFOs
        • LFO overview
        • LFO waveforms
      • Use the LFOs
      • ES2 envelopes
        • Envelopes overview
        • Envelope 1 controls
        • Envelope 2 and 3 controls
        • Use Envelope 2 and 3 sustain controls
      • Use the Vector Envelope
      • Vector Envelope points, times, and loops
        • Use Vector Envelope points
        • Use Vector Envelope solo and sustain points
        • Set up Vector Envelope loops
        • Vector Envelope release behavior
        • Vector Envelope point transition shapes
        • Set Vector Envelope times
        • Use Vector Envelope time scaling
      • Use the Vector Envelope shortcut menu
      • Use the Planar Pad
      • ES2 modulation target reference
        • Oscillator modulation targets
        • Filter modulation targets
        • Other modulation targets
        • Scaled modulation targets
      • Modulation source reference
      • Via modulation source reference
    • ES2 integrated effects processor controls
    • ES2 macro controls and controller assignments
      • Macros and controllers overview
      • Use macro controls
      • Assign MIDI controllers
    • Use ES2 in Surround mode
    • Extended parameters
    • Create random ES2 sound variations
      • Use randomization parameters
      • Restrict randomization
    • ES2 tutorials
      • Create ES2 sounds from scratch
        • ES2 sound design from scratch overview
        • Create fat sounds
        • Create bass sounds
        • Create FM sounds
        • Create PWM sounds
        • Create ring modulated sounds
        • Create oscillator sync sounds
        • Vector synthesis techniques
      • Create ES2 sounds with templates
        • Design sounds with templates
        • Slapped StratENV setting
        • Wheelrocker setting
        • Crescendo Brass setting
        • MW-Pad-Creator setting
        • Wheelsyncer setting
  • EFM1
    • EFM1 overview
    • EFM1 modulator and carrier parameters
      • Modulator and carrier overview
      • Set the tuning ratio
      • Choose a modulator waveform
    • Modulation parameters
    • Global parameters
    • Output parameters
    • Create random sounds
    • Extended parameters
    • Assign MIDI controllers
  • ES E
    • ES E overview
    • Oscillator parameters
    • LFO parameters
    • Filter parameters
    • Envelope parameters
    • Output parameters
    • Extended parameters
  • ES M
    • ES M overview
    • Oscillator parameters
    • Filter and filter envelope controls
    • Level envelope and output controls
    • Extended parameters
  • ES P
    • ES P overview
    • Oscillator parameters
    • LFO parameters
    • Filter parameters
    • Envelope and level controls
    • Integrated effects processor
    • Extended parameters
  • EVOC 20 PolySynth
    • EVOC 20 PS and vocoding
      • EVOC 20 PS overview
      • Vocoder basics
    • EVOC 20 PS interface
    • Analysis controls
    • (U/V) detection parameters
    • EVOC 20 PS synthesis parameters
      • Synthesis parameters overview
      • EVOC 20 PS oscillator parameters
        • Oscillators overview
        • Oscillator dual mode parameters
        • Oscillator FM mode parameters
        • Noise generator parameters
      • Tuning and pitch controls
      • Filter parameters
      • Envelope parameters
      • Global parameters
    • Formant filter controls
    • Modulation parameters
    • Output parameters
    • EVOC 20 PS performance tips
      • Level and frequency tips
      • Tips to avoid sonic artifacts
      • Tips to enhance speech intelligibility
    • Vocoder history
    • EVOC 20 block diagram
  • Quick Sampler
    • Quick Sampler overview
    • Add audio to Quick Sampler
    • Quick Sampler modes
      • Choose a mode
      • Classic mode
      • One Shot mode
      • Slice mode
      • Recorder mode
    • Quick Sampler waveform display
    • Use Flex in Quick Sampler
    • Quick Sampler modulators
      • Mod Matrix pane
      • LFO controls
    • Quick Sampler Pitch controls
    • Quick Sampler Filter controls
    • Quick Sampler filter types
    • Quick Sampler Amp controls
    • Quick Sampler extended parameters
  • Retro Synth
    • Retro Synth overview
    • Analog oscillator controls
    • Sync oscillator controls
    • Retro Synth Table oscillator controls
      • Table oscillator parameters
      • Use the Wavetable menu
    • FM oscillator controls
    • Filter controls
    • Filter types
    • Amp and effect controls
    • Retro Synth modulation controls
      • Use Retro Synth modulation
      • Glide and Autobend modulation
      • LFO and Vibrato modulation
      • Envelopes
    • Global and controller settings
    • Extended parameters
  • Sample Alchemy
    • Sample Alchemy overview
    • Interface overview
    • Add source material
    • Edit mode
    • Play modes
    • Source overview
    • Synthesis modes
    • Granular controls
    • Additive effects
    • Additive effect controls
    • Spectral effect
    • Spectral effect controls
    • Filter module
    • Lowpass, bandpass, and highpass filters
    • Comb PM filter
    • Downsampler filter
    • FM filter
    • Envelope generators
    • Mod Matrix
    • Modulation routing
    • Motion mode
    • Trim mode
    • More menu
  • Sampler
    • Sampler overview
    • Load and save instruments in Sampler
    • Sampler Synthesizer parameters
      • Synth pane
      • Synth Details
      • Use Unison, Mode, and Polyphony parameters
      • Crossfade between filters
      • Filter types
    • Sampler Modulation
      • Sampler Modulation overview
      • Sampler Mod Matrix pane
        • Use the Mod Matrix
        • Use Sampler via sources
      • Sampler LFOs
        • LFO overview
        • LFO waveforms
        • Use the LFO ramp generator
        • Set the LFO rate
      • Use Sampler envelopes
      • Sampler modulation reference
        • Modulation targets
        • Modulation sources
        • Modulation Via sources
    • Sampler Edit panes
      • Sampler Mapping and Zone pane overview
      • Use the Key Mapping Editor
      • Use Group view
      • Make advanced group selections
      • Fade between sample groups
      • Use Zone view
      • Use Mapping pane menu commands
      • Use the Zone pane
      • Synchronize audio with Flex
      • Edit in the Audio File Editor
    • Create instruments, zones, and groups
      • Sampler instruments overview
      • Create instruments
      • Quickly create an instrument
      • Create Sampler instruments from Logic Pro for Mac audio regions
      • Create zones with drag and drop
      • Create zones with menu commands
      • Create groups
    • Edit Sampler zones and groups
      • Edit zones and groups overview
      • Select a zone or group
      • Graphically edit zones and groups
      • Use zone and group output labels
      • Use key labels
    • Sampler articulation handling
    • Manage sampler instruments
      • Instrument management
      • Storage locations
      • Add SoundFont2, DLS, and Gigasampler files
    • Sampler memory management
    • Sampler extended parameters
  • Sculpture
    • Sculpture overview
    • Sculpture interface
    • Sculpture string parameters
      • String overview
      • Hide, Keyscale, and Release view
      • Basic Material Pad controls
      • Material Pad Keyscale or Release view
      • String parameter sliders
    • Sculpture objects parameters
      • Objects overview
      • Excite table (objects 1 and 2)
      • Disturb and damp table (objects 2 and 3)
    • Sculpture pickups parameters
      • Pickup parameters
      • Spread controls
    • Global parameters
    • Amplitude envelope parameters
    • Use the Waveshaper
    • Filter parameters
    • Sculpture Body EQ parameters
      • Body EQ overview
      • Basic EQ model
      • Body EQ models
    • Sculpture delay effect parameters
      • Delay effect overview
      • Groove Pad (stereo)
      • Groove Pad (surround)
    • Output parameters
    • Use surround range and diversity
    • Sculpture modulation controls
      • Sculpture modulation overview
      • Sculpture LFOs
        • LFO overview
        • LFO waveforms
        • Modulate the LFOs
      • Vibrato parameters
      • Jitter generator controls
      • Use note-on random modulators
      • Velocity modulators
      • Use Controller A and B
      • Sculpture envelope parameters
        • Envelope overview
        • Active envelope controls
        • Envelope display parameters
        • Use envelope nodes
        • Loop envelopes
        • Record envelopes
    • Sculpture morph parameters
      • Morph overview
      • Sculpture Morph Pad
        • Morph points in the Morph Pad
        • Morph Pad menu commands
        • Randomize points in the Morph Pad
        • Randomize menu commands
      • Sculpture Morph Envelope
        • Morph Envelope display overview
        • Morph Envelope parameters
        • Morph Envelope mode
        • Morph Envelope Sustain and loop mode
        • Record Morph Envelopes
    • Define MIDI controllers
    • Extended parameters
    • Sculpture tutorials
      • Explore Sculpture
        • Explore Sculpture overview
        • Explore the string
        • Explore objects
        • String and object interplay
        • Explore the pickups
        • Explore other processing options
        • Explore modulation options
      • Create basic sounds in Sculpture
        • Basic sound programming overview
        • Program acoustic instruments
        • Program stringed instruments
        • Program classic synthesizer sounds
      • Advanced Sculpture tutorial: electric bass
        • Electric bass programming overview
        • Program a basic bass sound
        • Refine the basic bass sound
        • Program a picked bass sound
        • Program a slap bass sound
        • Program a fretless bass sound
        • Add effects to your bass sound
      • Advanced Sculpture tutorial: synthesizer sounds
        • Synthetic sound programming overview
        • Program a sustained synthesizer sound
        • Program morphed sounds
  • Studio Bass
    • Studio Bass overview
    • Main view parameters
    • Details view parameters
    • Keyswitch mapping
    • String and position MIDI Out channel assignments
  • Studio Horns
    • Studio Horns overview
    • Extended parameters
    • Keyswitch mapping
    • Section MIDI channel assignments
  • Studio Piano
  • Studio Strings
    • Studio Strings overview
    • Extended parameters
    • Keyswitch mapping
    • Section MIDI channel assignments
  • Ultrabeat
    • Ultrabeat overview
    • Ultrabeat interface
    • Ultrabeat Assignment section
      • Assignment section overview
      • Play and select drum sounds
      • Name, swap, and copy drum sounds
      • Import sounds and sampler instruments
      • Settings
    • Synthesizer section overview
    • Ultrabeat sound sources
      • Oscillator overview
      • Oscillator 1 phase oscillator mode
      • Use oscillator 1 FM mode
      • Oscillator 1 side chain mode
      • Oscillator 2 phase oscillator mode
      • Waveform characteristics
      • Use oscillator 2 sample mode
      • Use oscillator 2 model mode
      • Ring modulator controls
      • Noise generator controls
    • Filter section controls
    • Distortion circuit controls
    • Ultrabeat Output section
      • Output section overview
      • Two-band EQ parameters
      • Ultrabeat pan and stereo spread
        • Use pan modulation mode
        • Use stereo spread mode
      • Voice volume control
      • Trigger mode controls
    • Ultrabeat modulation
      • Ultrabeat modulation overview
      • Mod and via modulation
      • Create a mod routing
      • Set MIDI controllers A–D
      • Use the LFOs
      • Envelope overview
      • Envelope parameters
      • Modulation target display
    • Ultrabeat step sequencer
      • Ultrabeat step sequencer overview
      • Step sequencer basics
      • Step sequencer interface
      • Global sequencer controls
      • Pattern controls
      • Use the swing function
      • Ultrabeat Step grid
        • Step grid overview
        • Create and remove steps
        • Ultrabeat trigger shortcut menu
        • Set step lengths and velocities
        • Set step accents
        • Use the Step grid full view
      • Automate Ultrabeat step sequencer parameters
        • Step automation overview
        • Use the offset row
      • Export Ultrabeat patterns as MIDI regions
      • Step sequencer MIDI control
    • Ultrabeat tutorials
      • Ultrabeat sound programming overview
      • Create kick drums
      • Create snare drums
      • Create tonal percussion
      • Create hi-hats and cymbals
      • Create metallic sounds
      • Tips for extreme sounds
  • Utilities
    • Utility instruments
    • External Instrument
    • Klopfgeist
  • Vintage B3 Organ
    • Vintage B3 overview
    • Vintage B3 Main window
      • Main window overview
      • Draw bar controls
      • Scanner Vibrato and Chorus
      • Percussion effect
      • Use preset keys
      • Set up Vintage B3 for your MIDI equipment
        • MIDI setup overview
        • Use multiple or multichannel controllers
        • Use a single-channel controller
    • Vintage B3 Rotor Cabinet window
      • Rotor Cabinet window overview
      • Advanced Cabinet parameters
      • Advanced Motor parameters
      • Advanced Brake parameters
      • Microphone types
      • Microphone parameters
    • Vintage B3 Options window
      • Options window overview
      • Master and Click controls
      • Morph parameters
      • Use Morph controls
    • Vintage B3 Effects window
      • Use the integrated effects
      • EQ controls
      • Wah effect controls
      • Distortion effect controls
      • Reverb effect controls
    • Vintage B3 Expert window
      • Expert window overview
      • Pitch controls
      • Sustain controls
      • Condition controls
      • Organ Model controls
    • Use a MIDI controller with Vintage B3
      • Set a MIDI control mode
      • MIDI mode: Roland VK or Korg CX
      • MIDI mode: Hammond Suzuki
      • MIDI mode: Native Instruments B4D
      • MIDI mode: Nord Electro
      • MIDI mode: Crumar
    • B3 and Leslie information
      • Additive synthesis with draw bars
      • The residual effect
      • Tonewheel sound generation
      • A brief Hammond history
      • The Leslie cabinet
  • Vintage Clav
    • Vintage Clav overview
    • Vintage Clav interface
    • Vintage Clav Main window
      • Main window overview
      • Vintage Clav models
      • Model characteristics
      • Use Pickup parameters
      • Use Stereo Spread
    • Vintage Clav Effects window
      • Effects window overview
      • Compressor effect controls
      • Distortion effect controls
      • Modulation effect controls
      • Wah effect controls
    • Vintage Clav Details window
      • Details window overview
      • Excite and Click parameters
      • String parameters
      • Pitch parameters
      • Misc parameters
    • Extended parameters
    • D6 Clavinet information
      • D6 Clavinet history
      • D6 mechanical details
  • Vintage Electric Piano
    • Vintage Electric Piano overview
    • Vintage Electric Piano interface
    • Vintage Electric Piano Effects window
      • EQ controls
      • Drive effect controls
      • Chorus effect controls
      • Phaser effect controls
      • Tremolo effect controls
    • Vintage Electric Piano Details window
      • Model controls
      • Pitch controls
    • Extended parameters
    • Vintage Electric Piano emulations
      • Rhodes models
      • Hohner and Wurlitzer models
    • MIDI controller assignments
  • Vintage Mellotron
    • Vintage Mellotron overview
    • Vintage Mellotron controls
  • Legacy instruments
    • Legacy instruments overview
    • Emulated instruments
      • Bass
      • Church Organ
      • Drum Kits
      • Electric Clav(inet)
      • Electric Piano
      • Guitar
      • Horns
      • Piano
      • Sound Effects
      • Strings
      • Tuned Percussion
      • Voice
      • Woodwind
      • Tonewheel Organ
    • Synthesizers
      • Analog Basic
      • Analog Mono
      • Analog Pad
      • Analog Swirl
      • Analog Sync
      • Digital Basic
      • Digital Mono
      • Digital Stepper
      • External Instrument
      • Hybrid Basic
      • Hybrid Morph
  • Synthesizer basics
    • Synthesizer basics overview
    • Sound basics
      • Sound basics overview
      • Tones, overtones, harmonics, and partials
      • The frequency spectrum
      • Other waveform properties
    • Synthesizer fundamentals
    • Subtractive synthesizers
      • How subtractive synthesizers work
      • Subtractive synthesizer components
      • Oscillators
      • Filters
        • Filters overview
        • Cutoff frequency
        • Resonance
        • Filter drive
        • Filter slope
      • Envelopes in the amplifier
        • Amplifier envelope overview
        • Attack, decay, sustain, and release
      • Modulation
        • Modulation overview
        • Modulation routing in ES1 and ES2
        • Common modulation sources
      • Global controls
    • Other synthesis methods
      • Other synthesis methods overview
      • Sample-based synthesis
      • Frequency modulation (FM) synthesis
      • Component modeling synthesis
      • Wavetable, Vector, and LA synthesis
      • Additive synthesis
      • Spectral synthesis
      • Resynthesis
      • Phase distortion synthesis
      • Granular synthesis
    • A brief synthesizer history
      • Precursors to the synthesizer
      • Early voltage-controlled synthesizers
      • The Minimoog
      • Storage and polyphony
      • Digital synthesizers
• Glossary
• Copyright