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Is there a unique Android device ID?

Do Android devices have a unique ID, and if so, what is a simple way to access it using Java?

Answer*

My two cents - NB this is for a _device (err) unique ID_ - not the installation one as discussed in the [Android developers's blog][1].

Of note that the [solution][2] provided by @emmby falls back in a per application ID as the SharedPreferences are not synchronized across processes (see [here][3] and [here][4]). So I avoided this altogether.

Instead, I encapsulated the various strategies for getting a (device) ID in an enum - changing the order of the enum constants affects the priority of the various ways of getting the ID. The first non-null ID is returned or an exception is thrown (as per good Java practices of not giving null a meaning). So for instance I have the TELEPHONY one first - but a good default choice would be the ANDROID_ID
**beta:**

	import android.Manifest.permission;
	import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
	import android.content.Context;
	import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
	import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
	import android.provider.Settings.Secure;
	import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
	import android.util.Log;

	// TODO : hash
	public final class DeviceIdentifier {

		private DeviceIdentifier() {}

		/** @see http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=10603 */
		private static final String ANDROID_ID_BUG_MSG = "The device suffers from "
			+ "the Android ID bug - its ID is the emulator ID : "
			+ IDs.BUGGY_ANDROID_ID;
		private static volatile String uuid; // volatile needed - see EJ item 71
		// need lazy initialization to get a context

		/**
		 * Returns a unique identifier for this device. The first (in the order the
		 * enums constants as defined in the IDs enum) non null identifier is
		 * returned or a DeviceIDException is thrown. A DeviceIDException is also
		 * thrown if ignoreBuggyAndroidID is false and the device has the Android ID
		 * bug
		 *
		 * @param ctx
		 *            an Android constant (to retrieve system services)
		 * @param ignoreBuggyAndroidID
		 *            if false, on a device with the android ID bug, the buggy
		 *            android ID is not returned instead a DeviceIDException is
		 *            thrown
		 * @return a *device* ID - null is never returned, instead a
		 *         DeviceIDException is thrown
		 * @throws DeviceIDException
		 *             if none of the enum methods manages to return a device ID
		 */
		public static String getDeviceIdentifier(Context ctx,
				boolean ignoreBuggyAndroidID) throws DeviceIDException {
			String result = uuid;
			if (result == null) {
				synchronized (DeviceIdentifier.class) {
					result = uuid;
					if (result == null) {
						for (IDs id : IDs.values()) {
							try {
								result = uuid = id.getId(ctx);
							} catch (DeviceIDNotUniqueException e) {
								if (!ignoreBuggyAndroidID)
									throw new DeviceIDException(e);
							}
							if (result != null) return result;
						}
						throw new DeviceIDException();
					}
				}
			}
			return result;
		}

		private static enum IDs {
			TELEPHONY_ID {

				@Override
				String getId(Context ctx) {
					// TODO : add a SIM based mechanism ? tm.getSimSerialNumber();
					final TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager) ctx
							.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
					if (tm == null) {
						w("Telephony Manager not available");
						return null;
					}
					assertPermission(ctx, permission.READ_PHONE_STATE);
					return tm.getDeviceId();
				}
			},
			ANDROID_ID {

				@Override
				String getId(Context ctx) throws DeviceIDException {
					// no permission needed !
					final String andoidId = Secure.getString(
						ctx.getContentResolver(),
						android.provider.Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID);
					if (BUGGY_ANDROID_ID.equals(andoidId)) {
						e(ANDROID_ID_BUG_MSG);
						throw new DeviceIDNotUniqueException();
					}
					return andoidId;
				}
			},
			WIFI_MAC {

				@Override
				String getId(Context ctx) {
					WifiManager wm = (WifiManager) ctx
							.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
					if (wm == null) {
						w("Wifi Manager not available");
						return null;
					}
					assertPermission(ctx, permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE); // I guess
					// getMacAddress() has no java doc !!!
					return wm.getConnectionInfo().getMacAddress();
				}
			},
			BLUETOOTH_MAC {

				@Override
				String getId(Context ctx) {
					BluetoothAdapter ba = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
					if (ba == null) {
						w("Bluetooth Adapter not available");
						return null;
					}
					assertPermission(ctx, permission.BLUETOOTH);
					return ba.getAddress();
				}
			}
			// TODO PSEUDO_ID
			// http://www.pocketmagic.net/2011/02/android-unique-device-id/
			;

			static final String BUGGY_ANDROID_ID = "9774d56d682e549c";
			private final static String TAG = IDs.class.getSimpleName();

			abstract String getId(Context ctx) throws DeviceIDException;

			private static void w(String msg) {
				Log.w(TAG, msg);
			}

			private static void e(String msg) {
				Log.e(TAG, msg);
			}
		}

		private static void assertPermission(Context ctx, String perm) {
			final int checkPermission = ctx.getPackageManager().checkPermission(
				perm, ctx.getPackageName());
			if (checkPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
				throw new SecurityException("Permission " + perm + " is required");
			}
		}

		// =========================================================================
		// Exceptions
		// =========================================================================
		public static class DeviceIDException extends Exception {

			private static final long serialVersionUID = -8083699995384519417L;
			private static final String NO_ANDROID_ID = "Could not retrieve a "
				+ "device ID";

			public DeviceIDException(Throwable throwable) {
				super(NO_ANDROID_ID, throwable);
			}

			public DeviceIDException(String detailMessage) {
				super(detailMessage);
			}

			public DeviceIDException() {
				super(NO_ANDROID_ID);
			}
		}

		public static final class DeviceIDNotUniqueException extends
				DeviceIDException {

			private static final long serialVersionUID = -8940090896069484955L;

			public DeviceIDNotUniqueException() {
				super(ANDROID_ID_BUG_MSG);
			}
		}
	}

  [1]: http://android-developers.blogspot.gr/2011/03/identifying-app-installations.html
  [2]: https://stackoverflow.com/a/5626208/281545
  [3]: https://stackoverflow.com/a/4695567/281545
  [4]: https://stackoverflow.com/a/12430507/281545

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Is there a unique Android device ID?

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