Umutingito Washengeshe Arumeniya

Umutingito wa Armenia 1988

Umutingito wa Armenia 1988, uzwi cyane nka Spitak Earthquake, wabaye ku itariki ya 7 Ukuboza 1988 mu majyaruguru ya Armenia (icyo gihe yari mu Soviet Union). Wari ufite magnitude ya 6.8–6.9 ku gipimo cya surface-wave, ugahitana hagati ya 25,000–50,000 abantu, ugasiga abarenga 500,000 badafite aho baba.

Amateka

• Umutingito watangiye saa 11:41 ku isaha yaho, mu gace ka Nalband.
• Wamaze hafi segonda 20, ariko ingaruka zabaye nyinshi.
• Imijyi ya Spitak, Leninakan (Gyumri), na Kirovakan (Vanadzor) ni yo yibasiwe cyane.
• Nyuma y’iminota 4 habaye “umutingito ukurikira ufite ubukana bwa 5.8.

Ingaruka

• Abapfuye: hagati ya 25,000–50,000.
• Abakomeretse: 31,000–130,000.
• Abatagize aho baba: barenga 500,000.
• Inyubako zasenyutse: hafi 80% mu mujyi wa Leninakan; Spitak yarasenyutse hafi yose.
• Igihombo cy’ubukungu: cyagereranyijwe kuri miliyari 16.2 USD icyo gihe.

Impamvu zatumye ingaruka ziba nyinshi

• Ubujyakuzimu bugufi bw’umutingito.
• Inyubako zidafite imbaraga, zubatswe mu buryo butujuje ubuziranenge.
• Igihe cyabaye: mu masaha y’amanywa, abantu bari mu nyubako.
• Ubukonje bw’itumba bwagoye ibikorwa byo gutabara.

Ubufasha mpuzamahanga

• Ibihugu 113 byohereje imfashanyo: ibikoresho byo gutabara, imiti, n’amatsinda y’abashakashatsi.
• Soviet Union yasabye ubufasha bwa mbere leta zunze ubumwe za America kuva mu myaka ya 1940, ikimenyetso cyo gusubiza amaso inyuma mu ntambara y’ubutita.
• Imiryango itari iya Leta yagize uruhare runini mu gutabara.

Umurage

• Umutingito wa Spitak wagaragaje intege nke mu nyubako za Soviet Union.
• Wabaye isomo mubumenyi bwiga imitingito y'isi no mubumenyi bwo kubaka inyubako zihangana n’umutingito”
• Wagize uruhare mu guhindura imyumvire y’isi ku bufatanye mu gihe cy’ibiza.
• Amashakiro
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2142590/
• https://www.bbc.com/news/in-pictures-25262363
• https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp0003pmm/executive