Afurika y'Epfo, ku izina ryayo ryemewe n'amategeko ni Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo (Republic of South Africa – RSA), ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'umugabane wa Afurika. Kigizwe n'intara icyenda. Mu majyepfo gihana imbibi n'inyanja ku nkombe zifite uburebure bwa kilometero 2,798 zogerwa n'Inyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyepfo n'Inyanja y'u Buhinde. Mu majyaruguru gihana imbibi na Namibiya, Botswana na Zimbabwe, mu burasirazuba no mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba kigahana imbibi na Mozambike na Eswatini, kandi kizengurutse igihugu cya Lesotho. Gifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 1,221,037, kikaba gituwe n'abaturage barenga miliyoni 63, bityo kikaba ari igihugu cya gatandatu gituwe n'abaturage benshi ku mugabane wa Afurika.
Izina "Afurika y'Epfo" rikomoka ku mwanya w'iki gihugu ku mugabane wa Afurika, kuko giherereye ku mpera y'amajyepfo yawo. Igihe cyashingwaga, cyiswe Ubumwe bw'Afurika y'Epfo (Union of South Africa) mu Cyongereza na Unie van Zuid-Afrika mu Kidage (Dutch), bigaragaza ko cyaturutse ku ihuzwa ry'ubukoloni bune bwari buyobowe n'u Bwongereza. Kuva mu mwaka wa 1961, izina ryemewe n'amategeko mu Cyongereza ryabaye Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo (Republic of South Africa), naho mu rurimi rw'Ikinyafurikansi (Afrikaans) ryitwa Republiek van Suid-Afrika. Kugeza ubu, iki gihugu gifite amazina yemewe mu ndimi zacyo 12 zemewe n'amategeko.
Ijambo Mzansi, rikomoka ku izina uMzantsi ryo mu rurimi rw'Ikixhosa risobanura "Amajyepfo", ni izina rikunze gukoreshwa mu mvugo ya buri munsi bavuga Afurika y'Epfo. Hari kandi amashyaka amwe n'amwe ashyigikira ihame rya Pan-Afurikanisime akoresha izina Azania, nubwo iri jambo rikomoka mu Kigereki aho kidakomoka mu ndimi nyafurika.
Afurika y'Epfo ibarizwamo hamwe mu hantu ha kera cyane ku isi habonetse ibisigazwa by'ibimenyetso by'amateka (archaeology) n'ibisigazwa by'abakurambere b'abantu (hominin fossils). Abashakashatsi mu by'amateka ya kera bavumbuye ibisigazwa byinshi mu buvumo butandukanye bwo mu ntara ya Gauteng, buzwi ku izina rya Cradle of Humankind ("Igicumbi cy'Ikiremwamuntu"), ahantu hemewe na UNESCO nk'Umurage w'Isi. Muri ibyo bibanza harimo Sterkfontein, imwe mu hantu habonetse ibisigazwa byinshi by'abakurambere b'abantu kurusha ahandi ku isi, ndetse na Swartkrans, Gondolin Cave, Kromdraai, Cooper's Cave na Malapa. Igisigazwa cya mbere cy'umukurambere w'umuntu cyavumbuwe muri Afurika, kizwi nka Taung Child, cyabonetse hafi ya Taung mu mwaka wa 1924. Ibindi bisigazwa byabonetse ahitwa Makapansgat muri Limpopo, Cornelia na Florisbad muri Free State, Border Cave muri KwaZulu-Natal, Klasies River Caves muri Eastern Cape, ndetse na Pinnacle Point, Elandsfontein na Die Kelders Cave muri Western Cape.Ibi byavumbuwe bigaragaza ko amoko atandukanye y'abakurambere b'abantu yabaye muri Afurika y'Epfo guhera hafi ku myaka miliyoni eshatu ishize. Muri ayo moko harimo Australopithecus africanus, Australopithecus sediba, Homo ergaster, Homo erectus, Homo rhodesiensis, Homo helmei, Homo naledi, ndetse n'abantu b'iki gihe (Homo sapiens). Abantu b'iki gihe bamaze nibura imyaka 170,000 batuye mu majyepfo ya Afurika. Nanone, abashakashatsi bavumbuye ibikoresho bya kera byakozwe mu mabuye (pebble tools) mu kibaya cy'uruzi rwa Vaal, bikaba ari ibimenyetso by'ibikorwa by'abantu ba kera muri ako karere.
Abaturage ba mbere bari batuye mu majyepfo ya Afurika ni Abasan (San) n'Abakhoikhoi (Khoikhoi). Abasan ahanini batungwaga no guhiga no kwegeranya imyaka yimeza, mu gihe Abakhoikhoi bo, uretse guhiga no kwegeranya, banororaga amatungo. Abantu b'Abakhoisan bashobora kuba bakomoka ku bantu ba mbere bafite imiterere y'umuntu w'iki gihe bageze mu majyepfo ya Afurika mbere y'imyaka 150,000 ishize. Nyuma yaho, benshi muri bo basimbuwe cyangwa bashyirwa mu yandi moko bitewe n'ikwirakwira ry'Ababantu (Bantu Expansion) ryabaye hagati y'imyaka 2,000 na 1,500 ishize.
Abantu bavuga indimi z'Ababantu batangiye kwimukira mu majyepfo baturutse mu burengerazuba bwa Afurika ahagana mu mwaka wa 3000 Mbere ya Yezu (BCE). Mu kinyejana cya kane n'icya gatanu, abaturage bavuga indimi z'Ababantu bari bamaze gutura mu majyepfo y'uruzi rwa Limpopo, ubu rukaba rugize umupaka wa Afurika y'Epfo na Botswana na Zimbabwe. Bari abahinzi, aborozi kandi bazi gukoresha ibyuma. Ahantu ha mbere hazwi hakorerwaga ibyuma muri KwaZulu-Natal hateganywa ko hashinzwe ahagana mu mwaka wa 1050. Itsinda ryageze kure mu majyepfo ni iry'Abaxhosa (Xhosa), ururimi rwabo rukaba rwarafashe bimwe mu biranga indimi z'Abakhoisan. Mu rugendo rwabo rwo kwimuka, abo baturage bo mu Gihe cy'Ibyuma basimbuye cyangwa binjiza mu muryango wabo abaturage bari bahatuye mbere. Mu ntara ya Mpumalanga habonetse uruziga rw'amabuye n'ibindi bimenyetso bya kera birimo ahazwi nka Adam's Calendar, bikekwa ko byubatswe n'Ababakone, ishami ry'Abasotho bo mu Majyaruguru.
Ahagana mu mwaka wa 1220, abayobozi b'umuryango wa K2 bimukiye ku musozi wa Mapungubwe, aho bashinze umurwa mukuru w'Ubwami bwa Mapungubwe, abaturage basanzwe batura munsi yawo. Imihango yo gusaba imvura yari ifite uruhare rukomeye mu butegetsi bwabo, kandi ahantu henshi hakorerwaga iyo mihango haracyagaragara muri ako karere. Mu mwaka wa 1250, umurwa mukuru wa Mapungubwe wari utuwe n'abaturage bagera ku 5,000, ubwami bukaba bwarafite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 30,000 kandi bukungukira cyane ku bucuruzi bwakorwaga n'ibihugu byo ku Nyanja y'u Buhinde. Impamvu zatumye ubwo bwami busenyuka ahagana mu mwaka wa 1300 ntizizwi neza, ariko guhinduka kw'inzira z'ubucuruzi zerekeza ku ruzi rwa Zambezi byagize uruhare mu kuzamuka kw'Ubwami bwa Great Zimbabwe. Nyuma y'ibyo, umusozi wa Mapungubwe waratereranywe, abaturage baho baratatana.
Hagati y'ikinyejana cya 15 n'icya 17, imikoranire hagati y'Abashona ba mbere, abandi Bashona bimukiye nyuma ndetse n'abavuga Ikinyasotho mu karere ka Soutpansberg yatumye havuka ururimi n'ubwoko bw'Abavenda (Venda). Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 17, itsinda ry'Abasingo (Singo) rikomoka ku Bwami bwa Rozvi ryimukiye mu majyepfo, rishinga icyicaro cyarwo i Dzata, cyabaye umurwa mukuru w'Ubwami bwa Venda. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 18, ubwami bwatangiye gusenyuka bitewe n'ihinduka ry'inzira z'ubucuruzi. Mu miryango yakomeje kugira imbaraga harimo Ramabulana Singo mu burengerazuba bwa Soutpansberg, na Tshivhase Singo hamwe na Mphaphuli Singo mu burasirazuba bwaho.
Mu mwaka wa 1487, umushakashatsi w'Umunyaportigali Bartolomeu Dias yayoboye urugendo rwa mbere rw'Abanyaburayi rwageze ku nkombe z'amajyepfo ya Afurika. Ku wa 4 Ukuboza 1487, yageze ku cyambu cya Walfisch Bay (ubu cyitwa Walvis Bay muri Namibiya). Yakomeje akurikiye inkombe z'iburengerazuba bwa Afurika y'Epfo, ariko nyuma y'itariki ya 8 Mutarama 1488 inkubi z'umuyaga zamubujije gukomeza akurikira inkombe, bituma arenga agace k'amajyepfo ya Afurika atakabonye. Mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 1488 yageze ku ruzi yise Rio do Infante, bikekwa ko ari uruzi rwa Groot River rw'ubu. Agarutse yabonye ikinyura yise Cabo das Tormentas ("Umutwe w'Inkubi z'Umuyaga"), ariko Umwami John II wa Porutigali aza kukihindurira izina akita Cabo da Boa Esperança (Cape of Good Hope), kubera ko cyafunguraga inzira y'ubucuruzi bugana mu Burasirazuba bw'u Buhinde. Uru rugendo rwa Dias rwaje kwamamara cyane binyuze mu gisigo Os Lusíadas, cyanditswe na Luís de Camões mu mwaka wa 1572.
Mu mwaka wa 1497, Vasco da Gama yahagurutse i Lisbon yerekeza mu rugendo rwamugejeje mu Buhinde mu 1498 anyuze ku Cape of Good Hope, bityo afungura inzira y'ubucuruzi bwo mu nyanja hagati y'u Burayi na Aziya. Mu rugendo rwe yanyuze ku nkombe z'igice ubu kigize Afurika y'Epfo, ariko ahagarara ku butaka bwa Mozambike y'ubu.
Abaholandi bageze bwa mbere ku nkombe z'amajyepfo ya Afurika mu mwaka wa 1595. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 17, ubwo ububasha bwa Porutigali mu bwikorezi bwo mu nyanja bwagendaga bugabanuka, abacuruzi b'Abongereza n'Abaholandi batangiye guhatanira kwigarurira ubucuruzi bw'ibirungo bwari bwariganjemo na Porutigali. Guhera mu mwaka wa 1601, sosiyete y'Abongereza y'Ubucuruzi n'u Buhinde (British East India Company) yajyaga ihagarara ku Cape ishaka ibiribwa n'amazi yo guha amato, ariko nyuma ihitamo gukoresha ibirwa bya Ascension na Saint Helena nk'ibyambu byo kuruhukiraho. Mu mwaka wa 1647, abakozi babiri ba Sosiyete y'Abaholandi y'Ubucuruzi n'u Buhinde (Dutch East India Company) bakoze impanuka y'ubwato kuri Cape maze bahamara amezi menshi. Babashije kubaho babikesha amazi meza, inyama bahawe n'abaturage bahasangaga ndetse no guhinga ku butaka bwera. Basubiye mu Buholandi batangaza ko Cape yari ahantu heza ho kubaka ikigo cyo kubikamo ibiribwa no gutegurira amato akora ingendo ndende.
Mu mwaka wa 1652, nyuma y'imyaka hafi 150 inzira ya Cape imenyekanye, Jan van Riebeeck yashinze ikigo cyo gutanga ibiribwa n'ibikoresho ku mato ku Cape of Good Hope, ahaje kuvamo umujyi wa Cape Town, abihagarariye Sosiyete y'Abaholandi y'Ubucuruzi n'u Buhinde. Nyuma y'aho Cape yabaye ubuturo bw'abaturage benshi b'Abaholandi bigenzuraga, bazwi nka Free Burghers. Abacuruzi b'Abaholandi banazanye imbata ibihumbi baturutse muri Indonesiya, Madagasikari no mu burasirazuba bwa Afurika. Uku kuvanga abaturage kwatumye havuka itsinda rishya rizwi nka Cape Coloureds, benshi muri bo bakaba barakoresheje ururimi rw'Ikidage cy'Abaholandi (Dutch) kandi bakemera Ubukristo. Guhera mu kinyejana cya 17, havutse amakimbirane hagati y'Abakhoisan n'Abaholandi bapfaga ubutaka n'indi mitungo, ayo makimbirane akomeza imyaka myinshi.
Kwaguka kw'Abaholandi berekeza iburasirazuba kwatumye barwana n'Abaxhosa, kuko impande zombi zashakaga kugenzura urwuri rwo hafi y'uruzi rwa Great Fish River. Abahinzi b'Abaholandi bigenga bari batuye ku mipaka bitwaga Boers, naho bamwe muri bo bitwaga Trekboers kubera imibereho yabo yo kwimuka bimwe na bimwe. Boers bashyizeho imitwe yitwaje intwaro yitwaga commandos, ndetse bagirana ubufatanye n'Abakhoisan mu guhangana n'ibitero by'Abaxhosa. Impande zombi zagabye ibitero byinshi byamennye amaraso, ariko nta ruhande rwabashije gutsinda burundu urundi, bityo urugomo no kwiba amatungo bikomeza kuba ikibazo mu gihe kirekire.
Mu myaka ya 1795–1803, u Bwongereza bwigaruriye Cape Town kugira ngo butayirekera u Bufaransa. Mu 1803, Cape yasubiye mu maboko y'Abaholandi igihe gito, ariko mu 1806 yongera kwigarurirwa n'u Bwongereza. Nyuma y'Intambara za Napoleon, Cape yemerewe ku mugaragaro kuba igice cy'Ubwami bw'u Bwongereza. Guhera mu 1818, Abongereza benshi batangiye kwimukira muri Afurika y'Epfo, maze mu 1820 hagera itsinda rinini ry'abimukira ryari rigamije kongera umubare w'abakozi b'Abanyaburayi no gukomeza kurinda imipaka y'ubukoloni ibitero by'Abaxhosa.
Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19, Abaholandi benshi bavuye muri Cape Colony bahunga ubutegetsi bw'Abongereza. Abo bimukira, bazwi nka Voortrekkers, bimukiye mu turere twaje kuba Natal, Free State na Transvaal. Nyuma yo gutsinda Abazulu mu Ntambara ya Blood River yabaye ku wa 16 Ukuboza 1838, bashinze za repubulika z'Ababuru zirimo Natalia Republic, South African Republic na Orange Free State. Hagati mu gihugu, Cape Colony yakomeje kwaguka yigarurira ubutaka bw'Ababatswana n'Abagriqua, mu gihe Ubwami bwa Matabele bwariyongereye bukagaba ibitero ku Bwami bwa Venda.
Ivumburwa rya diamant mu mwaka wa 1867 n'irya zahabu mu 1884 ryatangije igihe cyiswe Mineral Revolution, cyihutishije iterambere ry'ubukungu, kwiyongera kw'abimukira no gukaza ubukoloni bw'Abongereza ku baturage kavukire. Kurwanira kugenzura ayo mabuye y'agaciro byagize uruhare rukomeye mu mibanire hagati y'Abanyaburayi n'Abanyafurika, ndetse no hagati y'Ababuru n'Abongereza.
Ku wa 16 Gicurasi 1876, Perezida Thomas François Burgers wa Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo yatangaje intambara ku bwoko bw'Abapedi. Umwami Sekhukhune yatsinze ingabo za Boers inshuro nyinshi, ariko nyuma y'uko Abongereza bagabye ibitero bikurikirana, bamutsinze mu Ugushyingo 1879 bifashishije ingabo z'Abongereza, Ababuru n'Abaswazi.
Muri uwo mwaka wa 1879, habaye Intambara y'Abongereza n'Abazulu (Anglo-Zulu War). U Bwongereza bwifuzaga gushyiraho ihuriro ry'ibihugu muri Afurika y'Epfo nk'iryari rimaze kugerwaho muri Kanada. Mu 1874, Henry Bartle Frere yoherejwe muri Afurika y'Epfo nk'Intumwa Nkuru y'u Bwongereza kugira ngo ashyire mu bikorwa uwo mugambi. Nubwo Abazulu batsinze Abongereza mu Ntambara ya Isandlwana, nyuma batsinzwe burundu, bituma Ubwami bw'Abazulu butakaza ubwigenge bwabwo.
Repubulika z'Ababuru zashoboye guhangana n'igerageza ry'u Bwongereza ryo kuzigarurira mu Ntambara ya Mbere y'Ababuru (1880–1881), zikoresheje uburyo bwo kurwana bw'udutsiko (guerrilla warfare) bwari bubereye imiterere y'ako karere. Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Ababuru (1899–1902), Abongereza bagarutse bafite ingabo nyinshi, uburambe n'ingamba nshya. Nubwo bahuye n'igihombo gikomeye, amaherezo batsinze biturutse ku gukoresha amayeri yo gutwika imitungo no gushyira abaturage mu nkambi z'ifungwa (concentration camps), aho abaturage b'Ababuru bagera ku 27,000 bapfiriye bazize indwara n'imibereho mibi. Nyuma y'izo ntambara, abaturage bo mu mijyi ya Afurika y'Epfo bariyongereye cyane, kandi abahinzi benshi b'Ababuru bahungiye mu mijyi yo muri Transvaal na Orange Free State, aho bamwe baje kwitwa "Abazungu bakennye" (poor whites).
Muri icyo gihe, politiki y'Abazungu bo muri Afurika y'Epfo yarwanyaga ubutegetsi bw'u Bwongereza, igamije kugera ku bwigenge. Mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Abaholandi n'Abongereza, ivangura rishingiye ku moko ryakorwaga ahanini mu buryo butanditse, ariko hashyizweho amategeko agenga aho abaturage kavukire bagombaga gutura n'uko bagendaga, harimo Native Location Act yo mu 1879 n'amategeko yabasabaga gutwara impushya z'inzira (pass laws).
Nyuma y'imyaka umunani Intambara ya Kabiri y'Ababuru irangiye, ndetse n'imyaka ine y'imishyikirano, Itegeko rya Afurika y'Epfo ryo mu 1909 (South Africa Act 1909) ryashinzwe Ubumwe bw'Afurika y'Epfo (Union of South Africa) ku wa 31 Gicurasi 1910, riha igihugu ubwigenge bugarukira ku rwego runaka. Ubu bumwe bwari bugizwe n'ubukoloni bwa Cape, Transvaal, Natal, hamwe na Orange Free State. Mu 1913, hashyizweho Itegeko ry'Ubutaka bw'Abasangwabutaka (Natives Land Act), ryagabanyije cyane uburenganzira bw'Abirabura bwo gutunga ubutaka, kuko icyo gihe bemerewe kugenzura hafi 7% gusa by'ubutaka bw'igihugu. Nyuma, ubuso bwagenewe abaturage kavukire bwaje kongerwaho gato.
Mu 1931, Ubumwe bw'Afurika y'Epfo bwabonye ubwigenge busesuye ku Bwami bw'u Bwongereza binyuze mu Statute of Westminster, yakuyeho ububasha bw'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Bwongereza bwo gushyiraho amategeko muri Afurika y'Epfo. Mu 1934, South African Party na National Party byishyize hamwe bishinga United Party, mu rwego rwo kunga Abafurikana n'Abazungu bavuga Icyongereza. Icyakora, mu 1939 iryo shyaka ryaracitse kubera kutumvikana ku kwinjira kw'Afurika y'Epfo mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose ku ruhande rw'u Bwongereza.
Mu 1948, National Party yatsinze amatora maze ifata ubutegetsi. Yakomeje kandi ishimangira politiki y'ivanguramoko yari yaratangiye mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Abaholandi n'Abongereza. Hashingiwe ku mategeko ya Indian Act yo muri Kanada, abaturage bashyizwe mu byiciro bitatu: Abazungu, Abirabura, n'Abahinde n'Abavangavanze (Coloureds), buri tsinda rigenerwa uburenganzira n'imbogamizi zitandukanye. Guverinoma yari iyobowe n'Abazungu bake yashyizeho ku mugaragaro politiki y'ivanguramoko yiswe Apartheid. Mu gihe Abazungu babagaho ubuzima bwiza bugereranywa n'ubwo mu bihugu byateye imbere byo mu Burengerazuba, Abirabura bo bakomeje guhezwa mu bijyanye n'uburezi, amafaranga binjizaga, amazu ndetse n'icyizere cyo kubaho igihe kirekire. Mu 1955, Freedom Charter yemejwe n'ihuriro rya Congress Alliance, isaba ko habaho igihugu kitagira ivangura rishingiye ku moko.
Ku wa 31 Gicurasi 1961, Afurika y'Epfo yabaye repubulika nyuma ya referandumu yemerewe gusa Abazungu. Intara ya Natal yiganjemo abayobokaga u Bwongereza yarwanyije uwo mwanzuro. Elizabeth II yambuwe izina ry'Umwamikazi wa Afurika y'Epfo, maze Charles Robberts Swart aba Perezida wa mbere wa Repubulika. Mu 1983, itegekonshinga rya P. W. Botha ryakuyeho umwanya wa Minisitiri w'Intebe, rishyiraho Perezida ufite ububasha bukomeye. Muri uwo mwaka wa 1961, Afurika y'Epfo yanikuye mu muryango wa Commonwealth of Nations kubera igitutu cy'ibihugu biwugize.
Nubwo Apartheid yarwanywaga n'abaturage bo mu gihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga, guverinoma yakomeje kuyishyigikira. Inzego z'umutekano zakandamizaga abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, mu gihe imitwe nka African National Congress (ANC), Azanian People's Organisation na Pan-Africanist Congress yakoraga ibikorwa byo kurwanya ubutegetsi birimo intambara y'udutsiko no gusenya ibikorwa remezo. Kubera politiki y'ivanguramoko, ibihugu byinshi byahagaritse ubucuruzi n'Afurika y'Epfo, biza no kuyifatira ibihano mpuzamahanga no gukuramo ishoramari ryabyo.
Mu 1974, Mahlabatini Declaration of Faith, yashyizweho umukono na Mangosuthu Buthelezi na Harry Schwarz, yashyize imbere amahame yo guhererekanya ubutegetsi mu mahoro no guha abaturage bose uburenganzira bungana. Mu 1993, Perezida F.W. de Klerk yatangiye ibiganiro na Nelson Mandela bigamije kurangiza Apartheid no gushyiraho ubutegetsi bushingiye kuri demokarasi.
Mu 1990, guverinoma ya National Party yatangiye gukuraho Apartheid ikuraho ibihano byari byarafatiwe ANC n'indi mitwe ya politiki. Nelson Mandela yafunguwe nyuma yo kumara imyaka 27 muri gereza. Nyuma y'ibiganiro n'amatora ya referandumu yo mu 1992, Afurika y'Epfo yakoze amatora rusange ya mbere mu 1994, atsindwa ku bwiganze na ANC. Nyuma y'ayo matora, igihugu cyongeye kwinjira muri Commonwealth of Nations ndetse kiba umunyamuryango wa Southern African Development Community (SADC).
Nyuma ya Apartheid, Afurika y'Epfo yakomeje kugira ituze rya politiki nubwo yahuye n'ibibazo birimo ubushomeri n'ubusumbane bukabije mu bukungu. Igihugu cyagize kandi ibihe by'urugomo, birimo imyigaragambyo yo mu 2008 yibasiraga abanyamahanga, yahitanye abantu barenga 60 ikanahungisha abarenga 100,000. Mu 2012, habaye ubwicanyi bwa Marikana, bwabaye bwo bwicanyi bukomeye bwakozwe n'inzego z'umutekano ku baturage kuva imyigaragambyo ya Soweto. Mu gihe cya Perezida Jacob Zuma, ruswa n'iyigarurirwa ry'inzego za Leta byabaye ikibazo gikomeye. Ifungwa rye by'agateganyo mu 2021 ryateje imvururu zahitanye abantu 354.
Kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 21, ishyaka ANC ryagiye ritakaza imbaraga mu matora. Mu matora rusange yo mu 2024, ku nshuro ya mbere ryananiwe kubona ubwiganze busesuye mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko. Nyuma y'ayo matora, Perezida Cyril Ramaphosa yashyizeho Guverinoma y'Ubumwe bw'Igihugu (Government of National Unity) ifatanyije n'andi mashyaka, harimo Democratic Alliance.
Afurika y'Epfo iherereye mu majyepfo y'umugabane wa Afurika, ikagira inkombe z'inyanja zifite uburebure burenga kilometero 2,500, zihana imbibi n'Inyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyepfo ndetse n'Inyanja y'u Buhinde. Ifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 1,219,912, bikayigira igihugu cya 24 kinini ku isi. Uretse ibirwa bya Prince Edward, igihugu kiri hagati ya dogere 22° na 35° z'amajyepfo (S) na dogere 16° na 33° z'iburasirazuba (E).
Igice kinini cy'imbere mu gihugu kigizwe n'ikibaya kinini kiri ku butumburuke buri hagati ya metero 1,000 na 2,100 hejuru y'inyanja. Iki kibaya kiri hejuru cyane mu burasirazuba, kikagenda kigabanuka buhoro buhoro werekeza iburengerazuba, amajyaruguru n'amajyepfo y'iburengerazuba. Gikikijwe n'umusozi muremure uzwi nka Great Escarpment, aho igice cyawo cyo mu burasirazuba kandi kiri hejuru cyane cyitwa Drakensberg. Umusozi wa Mafadi, uherereye muri Drakensberg, ni wo muremure kurusha indi muri Afurika y'Epfo, ufite ubuhagarike bwa metero 3,450 hejuru y'inyanja. Umupaka uhuza intara ya KwaZulu-Natal na Lesotho unyura ku gice kiri hejuru cyane cya Great Escarpment, kigera ku butumburuke burenga metero 3,000.
Igice cy'amajyepfo n'icy'amajyepfo y'iburengerazuba cy'iki kibaya, hamwe n'ikibaya kiri munsi yacyo, kizwi nka Great Karoo, akarere kagizwe ahanini n'ibihuru byo mu butayu kandi gatuwe n'abaturage bake. Mu majyaruguru, Great Karoo ikomeza ihinduka Bushmanland, na yo ikaza kugana mu Butayu bwa Kalahari buri mu majyaruguru y'iburengerazuba bw'igihugu. Igice cyo hagati no mu burasirazuba cy'ikibaya kizwi nka Highveld, kikaba gifite imvura ihagije, ubutaka bwera ndetse kikaba ari cyo gice gikorwamo ubuhinzi bw'ubucuruzi ku rugero runini. Aha ni na ho hari intara ya Gauteng, ifite abaturage benshi kurusha izindi. Mu majyaruguru ya Highveld hari Bushveld, igenda imanuka ikagera mu kibaya cya Limpopo Lowveld.
Agace k'inkombe kari munsi ya Great Escarpment, guhera mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, kagizwe na Limpopo Lowveld, gakomeza muri Mpumalanga Lowveld, munsi ya Mpumalanga Drakensberg. Aka gace karangwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'imvura nke ugereranyije na Highveld, kandi ubuhinzi ntibuhakorwa cyane. Muri aka karere ni ho haherereye Pariki y'Igihugu ya Kruger (Kruger National Park), imwe mu z'ingenzi muri Afurika, ifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 19,633.
Mu majyepfo n'amajyepfo y'iburengerazuba, munsi ya Great Escarpment, hari imisozi ya Cape Fold Mountains, irambuye ibangikanye n'inkombe z'inyanja. Hagati y'imisozi ya Outeniqua na Langeberg mu majyepfo n'umusozi wa Swartberg mu majyaruguru hari akarere kitwa Little Karoo, kagizwe n'ibihuru byo mu butayu busa n'ubwa Great Karoo, nubwo igice cyegereye Swartberg kibona imvura nyinshi bityo kikaba gikorwamo ubuhinzi kurushaho. Little Karoo izwi cyane kubera ubworozi bw'imbuni (ostriches), cyane cyane hafi y'umujyi wa Oudtshoorn.
Mu majyepfo y'iburengerazuba bw'igihugu hari Cape Peninsula, igice kigize amaherezo y'amajyepfo y'inkombe z'igihugu. Iki gice gifite ikirere cya Mediterane, kikaba ari cyo gice rukumbi cyo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara cyakira imvura nyinshi mu gihe cy'itumba.
Mu burengerazuba bw'inkombe, uhereye mu majyaruguru ya Cape Peninsula, hari akarere ka Swartland na Malmesbury Plain, kazwi cyane mu buhinzi bw'ingano bushingiye ku mvura y'itumba. Mu majyaruguru yaho hari Namaqualand, igenda irushaho gukama yegereye Uruzi rwa Orange. Nubwo aka karere kagwa imvura nke, iyo imvura yaguye mu gihe cy'itumba, mu mpeshyi (Kanama–Nzeri) huzura indabo z'amoko menshi zigakwira mu bibaya, bikaba kimwe mu bintu bikurura ba mukerarugendo benshi ku isi.
Afurika y'Epfo ifite kandi ibirwa byo mu Nyanja y'Amajyepfo bizwi nka Prince Edward Islands, bigizwe na Marion Island ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 290 na Prince Edward Island ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 45.
Afurika y'Epfo ifite ikirere giciriritse muri rusange, bitewe n'uko ikikijwe n'Inyanja ya Atalantika n'Inyanja y'u Buhinde ku mpande eshatu, ikaba iri mu gice cy'amajyepfo y'Isi gifite ikirere kidakabije, ndetse n'uko ubutumburuke bw'igihugu bugenda bwiyongera werekeza mu majyaruguru no hagati mu gihugu. Imiterere y'ubutaka n'ingaruka z'inyanja bituma igihugu kigira ubwoko butandukanye bw'ikirere. Mu majyaruguru y'iburengerazuba hari ubutayu bwa Namib bufite ubushyuhe n'ubukame bukabije, mu gihe mu burasirazuba, ku mupaka wa Mozambike n'Inyanja y'u Buhinde, hari ikirere cy'ubushyuhe n'imvura nyinshi (subtropical). Igihe cy'itumba muri Afurika y'Epfo kiba hagati ya Kamena na Kanama.
Mu majyepfo y'iburengerazuba, ikirere gisa n'icya Mediterane, kirangwa n'imvura mu itumba n'impeshyi ishyushye kandi yumye. Aka karere kazwi cyane kubera urusobe rw'ibimera rwa fynbos, kandi ni na ko gakorerwamo divayi nyinshi z'Afurika y'Epfo. Karangwa kandi n'umuyaga uhuha hafi umwaka wose, ibintu byatumye kera amato menshi akora impanuka igihe yanyuraga ku Cape of Good Hope. Mu burasirazuba bw'inkombe z'amajyepfo, imvura igwa neza mu mezi yose y'umwaka, bigatuma hahora hari ibimera byinshi n'ubutaka butoshye.
Intara ya Free State irangwa n'ubutaka buringaniye kuko iherereye ku kibaya kinini cyo hagati mu gihugu. Mu majyaruguru y'uruzi rwa Vaal, akarere ka Highveld kagira imvura ihagije kandi ubushyuhe ntibukabije nk'ubwo mu bice byo ku nkombe. Umujyi wa Johannesburg, uherereye hagati ya Highveld ku butumburuke bwa metero 1,740 hejuru y'inyanja, ugwa imvura igera kuri milimetero 760 ku mwaka. Igihe cy'itumba muri aka karere kirakonja, nubwo urubura rugwa gake.
Ahantu hakonja kurusha ahandi ku mugabane wa Afurika y'Epfo ni Buffelsfontein mu ntara ya Eastern Cape, aho mu mwaka wa 2013 handitswe ubushyuhe bwa −20.1 °C. Nubwo ibirwa bya Prince Edward Islands bikonja kurushaho muri rusange, Buffelsfontein ni ho hamaze gupimwa ubushyuhe bwo hasi cyane ku mugabane w'igihugu. Ku rundi ruhande, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwemewe n'amategeko bwapimwe muri Vioolsdrif muri Mutarama 1993, bugera kuri 48.8 °C, nubwo hari inyandiko zivuga ko mu 1948 higeze gupimwa 51.7 °C hafi ya Upington, ariko ibyo ntibyemewe ku mugaragaro kuko ibikoresho byakoreshejwe bitari bisanzwe.
Imihindagurikire y'ikirere ikomeje kugira ingaruka zikomeye muri Afurika y'Epfo, zirimo izamuka ry'ubushyuhe n'ihindagurika ry'imvura. Ibiza biterwa n'ikirere, nk'amapfa n'inkongi z'umuriro, biragenda byiyongera kandi bikarushaho gukaza ubukana. Ibi bishyira mu kaga umutungo kamere, amazi, umusaruro w'ubuhinzi, ubuzima bw'abaturage n'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) bugaragaza ko bitarenze 2050, ubushyuhe bushobora kwiyongera hafi ya 1 °C ku nkombe z'inyanja, naho mu bice by'imbere mu gihugu nk'Northern Cape bukiyongera kurenga 4 °C. Akarere ka Cape Floral Region, kazwi cyane kubera ibimera byihariye, gashobora kuzibasirwa cyane n'iyi mihindagurikire, bikaba byanashyira amoko menshi y'ibimera n'inyamaswa mu kaga ko kuzimira.
Afurika y'Epfo yasohoye raporo z'igihugu ku mihindagurikire y'ikirere mu 2011 no mu 2016. Ni kimwe mu bihugu bisohora imyuka myinshi ya carbone dioxyde (CO₂) ku isi, cyane cyane kubera gukoresha amakara na peteroli nk'isoko rikuru ry'ingufu. Mu rwego rwo kubahiriza amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo kurengera ibidukikije, igihugu cyiyemeje ko imyuka ihumanya ikirere kizayigeza ku rwego rwo hejuru hagati ya 2020 na 2025, hanyuma igatangira kugabanuka.
Cabinet: Perezida ashyiraho Icyegera cye (Deputy President) na ba Minisitiri. Inteko iramutse imukupye icyizere (motion of no confidence), Perezida na guverinoma ye bashobora gukurvaho.
Imyigaragambyo: Kuva mu 2004, iki gihugu cyagize imyigaragambyo myinshi mu baturage (harimo n'iy'urugomo), ku buryo gushaka kuvugwa ko ari cyo gihugu gihura n'imyigaragambyo myinshi mu isi.
Icyerekezo cy'Ibrahim Index (2022): Afurika y’Epfo yaje ku mwanya wa 6 mu bihugu 48 bya Afurika yo munsi ya Sahara. Yagize amanota meza mu Gutegekesha Itegeko, Mu Bweranda, n'Uburenganzira bwa Muntu, ariko igira amanota make mu Mutekano.
Uburenganzira bw'Abahuje Igitsina: Mu 2006, yabaye imwe mu nshingano za mbere mu isi yemereye gushyingiranwa ku bahuje igitsina (same-sex marriage).
Afurika y'Epfo ifite ubukungu buvanze (mixed economy) burangwa n'urwego rw'imari rwateye imbere, inganda zitandukanye, ndetse n'umutungo kamere mwinshi. Ni cyo gihugu gifite ubukungu bunini muri Afurika, kandi kizwi nk'igihugu cyateye imbere cyane mu rwego rw'inganda, ikoranabuhanga n'ubukungu butandukanye ku mugabane wa Afurika. Mu mwaka wa 2026, umusaruro mbumbe w'igihugu (GDP) warengeje miliyari 450 z'amadolari ya Amerika, kandi gifite umwe mu musaruro mbumbe ku muturage (GDP per capita) uri hejuru cyane muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara.
Ifaranga ry'Afurika y'Epfo, Rand (ZAR), ni ryo rikoreshwa cyane mu bucuruzi bw'ivunjisha muri Afurika. Isoko ry'imari ry'i Johannesburg (Johannesburg Stock Exchange – JSE) ni ryo rinini ku mugabane wa Afurika, kandi mu mwaka wa 2026 ryari ku mwanya wa 16 ku isi mu gaciro k'amasosiyete aribarizwaho, gafite agaciro kagera kuri tiriyoni 1.53 z'amadolari ya Amerika. Afurika y'Epfo ni na yo gihugu rukumbi cyo muri Afurika kiri mu muryango wa G20, kandi ni umunyamuryango wa BRICS, ibintu bigaragaza uruhare rukomeye gifite mu bukungu bw'isi.
Afurika y'Epfo ni kimwe mu bihugu bikomeye mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, aho ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bifite uruhare runini mu bukungu bwacyo. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze cyane birimo amabuye y'agaciro, ibinyabiziga, imashini, umusaruro w'ubuhinzi ndetse n'ibicuruzwa by'inganda. Abafatanyabikorwa bayo bakomeye mu bucuruzi barimo Ubushinwa, Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi (EU), Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubudage, Ubuyapani, u Buhinde n'Ubwami bw'Abongereza. Iki gihugu kandi cyungukira ku masezerano y'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga arimo Isoko Rusange ry'Ubucuruzi muri Afurika (AfCFTA) n'itegeko rya African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), bikomeza kugiha umwanya ukomeye nk'igicumbi cy'ubucuruzi n'ishoramari muri Afurika.
Nubwo nyuma y'iherezo rya politiki y'ivanguramoko (Apartheid) mu 1994 hashyizweho amavugurura menshi mu bukungu, Afurika y'Epfo iracyahanganye n'ibibazo bikomeye by'imibereho n'ubukungu. Muri byo harimo ubushomeri buri ku rwego rwo hejuru, ubukene bukabije, ndetse n'ubusumbane bukabije mu kwinjiza amafaranga, aho igihugu kiri mu bifite ikinyuranyo kinini hagati y'abakire n'abakene ku isi. Abaturage barenga kimwe cya kabiri babaho munsi y'umurongo w'ubukene, kandi igipimo cya Gini coefficient, gipima ubusumbane mu kwinjiza amafaranga, kiri mu biri hejuru cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Guverinoma yakomeje gushyiraho ingamba zigamije guhagarariza ubukungu, gukurura ishoramari, no kugabanya ubusumbane, zirimo gutanga inkunga z'imibereho (social grants) no gushyiraho umushahara fatizo ku rwego rw'igihugu (national minimum wage). Nubwo izo ngamba zatanze umusaruro mu bice bimwe, iterambere rikomeje kugenda buhoro kandi ntiryagera ku baturage bose ku buryo bungana.
Urwego rwa serivisi ni rwo rugira uruhare runini mu bukungu bwa Afurika y'Epfo, rutanga hafi 70% by'Umusaruro Mbumbe w'Igihugu (GDP) kandi rukaba rwanatanga akazi ku mubare munini w'abaturage. Umujyi wa Johannesburg ni wo kigo gikomeye cy'imari muri Afurika, ukaba ubarizwamo amabanki manini ku mugabane, ibigo mpuzamahanga byinshi, ndetse n'Isoko ry'Imigabane rya Johannesburg (Johannesburg Stock Exchange), rifite agaciro k'isoko kageraga kuri tiriyoni 1.36 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu mwaka wa 2023. Iryo soko ryihariye hafi 90% by'agaciro k'amasoko y'imigabane yose muri Afurika.
Urwego rw'imari rwa Afurika y'Epfo ni rwo rwateye imbere cyane muri Afurika. Amabanki akomeye nka Standard Bank, First National Bank (FNB), Absa, na Nedbank akorera muri Afurika no mu bindi bihugu byo ku isi. Politiki y'ifaranga n'umutekano w'urwego rw'imari bicungwa na Banki Nkuru ya Afurika y'Epfo (South African Reserve Bank), ari na yo banki nkuru ya mbere yashinzwe muri Afurika.
Ubucuruzi nabwo bufite uruhare runini mu bukungu bw'igihugu. Afurika y'Epfo ifite isoko rinini ry'ubucuruzi muri Afurika kandi iza ku mwanya wa gatandatu ku isi mu kugira umubare munini w'amaduka manini acururizwamo (shopping centres). Ni na ho havuye urunigi rwa resitora Nando's, rumaze gukwira mu bihugu birenga 20 ku isi.
Inganda zikora ibintu (manufacturing) zikomeza kuba inkingi ikomeye y'ubukungu, zitanga hafi 13% bya GDP kandi zigaha akazi abantu barenga miliyoni 1.7. Afurika y'Epfo ifite urwego rw'inganda ruteye imbere kandi rutandukanye kurusha urw'ibindi bihugu bya Afurika. Inganda zikora imodoka ni zo ziza ku isonga, aho ibigo nka Toyota, Volkswagen, BMW, Ford, Mercedes-Benz, na Nissan bifite inganda nini ziteranyirizwamo imodoka. Igihugu gikora imodoka zirenga 600,000 buri mwaka, kikaba ari cyo cya mbere muri Afurika mu gukora imodoka, kandi nyinshi zoherezwa ku masoko yo mu Burayi, Aziya no mu bindi bihugu bya Afurika.
Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bukomeje kuba imwe mu nkingi z'ubukungu bw'igihugu. Bugira uruhare rwa 7–8% bya GDP, kandi bwinjiza amafaranga arenga kimwe cya kabiri cy'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Afurika y'Epfo ni kimwe mu bihugu bikomeye ku isi mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Ni cyo gihugu cya mbere ku isi mu gutunganya platine, chrome, manganese, na vanadium, kandi kiri mu bihugu bikomeye mu gucukura amakara, ubutare bw'icyuma (iron ore), diyama, uranium, titanium, na zahabu. Afurika y'Epfo ifite umutungo munini cyane w'amabuye y'agaciro ufite agaciro karenga tiriyoni 2.5 z'amadolari ya Amerika, kandi iri mu bihugu icumi bya mbere ku isi bifite amabuye y'agaciro menshi atandukanye. Ifite kandi hafi 88% by'ububiko bwa platine ku isi, 80% bya manganese, na 72% bya chromite.
Nubwo ubuhinzi butanga gusa hagati ya 2–3% bya GDP, bufite uruhare rukomeye mu gutanga akazi, kubungabunga umutekano w'ibiribwa, guteza imbere icyaro no kongera ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Afurika y'Epfo ni kimwe mu bihugu bya mbere ku isi mu guhinga no kohereza mu mahanga imbuto za citrus (nk'amacunga n'indimu), inzabibu, divayi, ibigori, ubwoya bw'intama, mohair, n'ibikomoka ku nguni. Ni cyo gihugu cya mbere ku isi mu gukora mohair n'inyama z'inguni, kandi kiri mu bihugu bya mbere mu gutunganya amapera, amacunga n'isukari. Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'umusaruro w'ubuhinzi woherezwa mu mahanga, bigatuma Afurika y'Epfo iba kimwe mu bihugu bikomeye mu kohereza ibikomoka ku buhinzi mu gice cy'Isi cy'Amajyepfo.
Ubukerarugendo ni imwe mu nkingi z'ingenzi z'ubukungu bwa Afurika y'Epfo. Bugira uruhare rwa hafi 3.3% by'Umusaruro Mbumbe w'Igihugu (GDP) kandi butanga akazi ku bantu bagera kuri miliyoni 1.8, bingana n'ibice birenga 10% by'abakozi bose mu gihugu. Mu mwaka wa 2024, Afurika y'Epfo yakiriye abakerarugendo mpuzamahanga bagera kuri miliyoni 8.9 binjiye banyuze ku mipaka n'ibyambu bitandukanye. Mu 2025, ikinyamakuru The Daily Telegraph cyayishyize mu bihugu bikunzwe cyane ku isi mu bukerarugendo ndetse kiba igihugu cya mbere muri Afurika no mu karere k'Inyanja y'u Buhinde mu gukundwa n'abagenzi.
Afurika y'Epfo izwi cyane kubera imiterere y'ubutaka butandukanye, inyamaswa nyinshi zo mu gasozi, n'umurage ukungahaye w'umuco n'amateka. Iki gihugu gifite bimwe mu byiza nyaburanga bizwi cyane muri Afurika, birimo Pariki y'Igihugu ya Kruger, imwe mu pariki nini kandi zisurwa cyane ku mugabane; Umusozi wa Table Mountain, umwe mu Bitangaza Birindwi by'Isi by'Ibinyabuzima (New7Wonders of Nature); umuhanda nyaburanga wa Garden Route; imisozi ya Drakensberg; ikibaya cya Blyde River Canyon; ndetse n'inyanja nziza zo mu Ntara za Western Cape na KwaZulu-Natal. Gusura inyamaswa zo mu gasozi (Safari) ni kimwe mu bikurura ba mukerarugendo benshi, bikaba bishyigikiwe n'urusobe rwa pariki z'igihugu, za pariki z'abikorera ndetse n'ahantu harinzwe h'ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja.
Imijyi minini na yo yakira miliyoni z'abashyitsi buri mwaka. Cape Town, ikunze gushyirwa ku rutonde rw'imijyi myiza cyane ku isi, ni yo soko rikuru ry'ubukerarugendo muri Afurika y'Epfo. Irazwi cyane kubera V&A Waterfront, Table Mountain, Cape Point, n'uturere twegereye dukorerwamo divayi twa Cape Winelands.
Johannesburg, umurwa mukuru w'ubucuruzi n'imari, ifite ahantu hakurura ba mukerarugendo harimo Ingoro Ndangamurage ya Apartheid (Apartheid Museum), Constitution Hill, na Gold Reef City. Umujyi wa Durban uzwi cyane kubera ikirere gishyushye, inyanja nziza n'umuhanda wa Golden Mile ukora ku nkengero z'inyanja.
Ubukerarugendo bushingiye kuri divayi (Wine Tourism) nabwo bwateye imbere cyane, aho imizabibu n'inganda za divayi zo mu turere twa Stellenbosch, Franschhoek, na Paarl biri mu hantu hasurwa cyane mu gice cy'Amajyepfo y'Isi.
Afurika y'Epfo ifite Ahantu 12 ndangamurage z'Isi za UNESCO (UNESCO World Heritage Sites), zigaragaza akamaro k'iki gihugu mu kubungabunga ibidukikije, amateka n'umuco. Muri zo harimo Robben Island, Cradle of Humankind, iSimangaliso Wetland Park, Cape Floral Region Protected Areas, Mapungubwe National Park, Maloti-Drakensberg Park, na Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape. Izi ndangamurage zikomeza gukurura ba mukerarugendo baturutse impande zose z'isi kandi zigira uruhare rukomeye mu iterambere ry'ubukungu bw'igihugu.
Ciudad del Cabo desde Cabeza de León, Sudáfrica, 2018-07-22, DD 34
Afurika y'Epfo ni kimwe mu bihugu bya Afurika byatanze umusanzu ukomeye mu iterambere ry'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga. Mu 2025, cyashyizwe ku mwanya wa 61 ku Isi mu rutonde rw'Ibihugu Bigaragaza Udushya n'Ubushakashatsi (Global Innovation Index).
Mu Ukuboza 1967, umuganga ubaga umutima Christiaan Barnard yakoze ku nshuro ya mbere ku isi igikorwa cyo gusimbuza umutima w'umuntu n'uw'undi muntu (human-to-human heart transplant) mu Bitaro bya Groote Schuur. Iki gikorwa cyabaye intambwe ikomeye mu buvuzi bw'isi.
Max Theiler, wakoze urukingo rw'indwara ya Yellow Fever (umuriro w'umuhondo).
Allan MacLeod Cormack, wagize uruhare rukomeye mu guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya CT Scan (Computed Tomography) rikoreshwa mu gusuzuma indwara imbere mu mubiri.
Aaron Klug, yateje imbere uburyo bwo gukoresha electron microscopy mu bushakashatsi ku miterere y'utunyangingo.
Kubera ibyo bikorwa by'indashyikirwa, Allan MacLeod Cormack na Aaron Klug bahawe Igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel. Mu mwaka wa 2002, Sydney Brenner na we yahawe Igihembo cya Nobel kubera ubushakashatsi bwe bw'ingenzi mu molekulari biyoloji (Molecular Biology).
Mu rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga, Mark Shuttleworth yashinze Thawte, kimwe mu bigo bya mbere byatanze serivisi z'umutekano wa interineti (Internet Security). Nyuma yaje no kuba umwe mu Banyafurika ba mbere bakoze urugendo rwo mu isanzure (space).
Afurika y'Epfo ifite kandi urwego rw'ubushakashatsi mu by'inyenyeri n'isanzure (Astronomy) ruteye imbere. Ni ho hari Southern African Large Telescope (SALT), ari yo telesikopi nini cyane ikoresha urumuri (optical telescope) mu gice cy'Amajyepfo y'Isi. Iki gihugu kandi kirimo kubaka Karoo Array Telescope, igice cy'umushinga mpuzamahanga wa Square Kilometre Array (SKA), uzaba umwe mu mishinga minini cyane ku isi mu bushakashatsi bw'isanzure.
Mu rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga rya gisirikare, Afurika y'Epfo yatanze umusanzu ukomeye mu gukora imodoka za gisirikare zirinda abasirikare ibisasu bishyingurwa mu butaka (landmines) n'ibindi bisasu byaturikirizwa kure (MRAP – Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected vehicles). Izi modoka zaje kuba urugero rwakurikijwe n'ibihugu byinshi byo ku isi.
Iki gihugu kandi cyateje imbere ikoranabuhanga ryerekana amakuru y'indege n'intwaro ku kirahure cy'ingofero y'umupilote (Helmet-Mounted Display Technology), rifasha umupilote kubona amakuru y'ingenzi atarebye ku bipimo byo mu ndege.
Afurika y'Epfo ni cyo gihugu gifite ibikorwaremezo by'ubwikorezi binini kandi biteye imbere kurusha ibindi muri Afurika. Ifite urusobe ruhujwe rw'imihanda, gari ya moshi, ibibuga by'indege, ibyambu n'imiyoboro itwara ibikomoka kuri peteroli na gaz.
Igihugu gifite ibilometero bisaga 750,000 by'imihanda, bikaba ari urusobe rw'imihanda runini muri Afurika ndetse rukaba ruri ku mwanya wa 12 ku isi. Ikigo cya Leta cyitwa South African National Roads Agency (SANRAL) ni cyo gishinzwe kubungabunga no guteza imbere imihanda y'igihugu. Mu mihanda y'ingenzi harimo N1, N2, N3 na N4, ihuza imijyi minini y'igihugu kandi ikaba iri mu mihanda mpuzamahanga nka Cape to Cairo Highway, ihuza Amajyepfo n'Amajyaruguru ya Afurika.
Urusobe rwa gari ya moshi rureshya n'ibilometero 36,000, rukaba ari rwo runini muri Afurika ndetse rukaza ku mwanya wa karindwi ku isi. Gutwara imizigo bikorwa cyane n'ikigo Transnet Freight Rail, naho gutwara abagenzi bikorwa n'ikigo Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (PRASA). Hari kandi Gautrain, gari ya moshi yihuta ihuza Johannesburg na Pretoria, ikaba ari yo serivisi ya gari ya moshi yihuta yonyine muri Afurika y'Epfo.
Afurika y'Epfo ifite ibibuga by'indege birenga 1,500, bikaba biri mu mubare munini cyane ku isi kandi ari byo byinshi kurusha ibindi bihugu bya Afurika. Ikibuga cy'Indege Mpuzamahanga cya O.R. Tambo giherereye i Johannesburg ni cyo kinini kandi gikoreshwa cyane muri Afurika, kikaba ari na cyo cyinjirirwamo n'abagenzi benshi baturuka cyangwa bajya mu mahanga. Ibindi bibuga bikomeye ni Cape Town International Airport, King Shaka International Airport, na Chief Dawid Stuurman International Airport.
Urwego rw'indege rwa Afurika y'Epfo ni rwo rwateye imbere cyane ku mugabane wa Afurika. Rukorerwamo n'amasosiyete y'indege arimo South African Airways, Airlink, FlySafair, CemAir, na LIFT, atanga serivisi z'imbere mu gihugu ndetse n'izihuza Afurika y'Epfo n'ibindi bihugu.
Mu rwego rw'ubwikorezi bwo mu mazi, Afurika y'Epfo ifite ibyambu bikomeye birimo Durban, Cape Town, Gqeberha, Richards Bay, Saldanha Bay, na East London. Icyambu cya Durban ni cyo cyambu gikomeye kurusha ibindi byo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara mu kwakira no kohereza kontineri, kandi kiri ku mwanya wa kane mu gice cy'Amajyepfo y'Isi. Icyambu cya Richards Bay na cyo kiri mu byambu binini ku isi byoherezamo ibicuruzwa byinshi, cyane cyane amabuye y'agaciro n'ibindi bicuruzwa byinshi.
Ibikorwa by'ibyambu byose bicungwa n'ikigo Transnet National Ports Authority, gifite uruhare rukomeye mu koroshya ubwikorezi bw'ibicuruzwa imbere mu gihugu no guteza imbere ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga.
