3. 配置 Python¶

3.2.1. 設定腳本¶

The make regen-configure command regenerates the aclocal.m4 file and the configure script using the Tools/build/regen-configure.sh shell script which uses an Ubuntu container to get the same tools versions and have a reproducible output.

The container is optional, the following command can be run locally:

autoreconf -ivf -Werror

The generated files can change depending on the exact autoconf-archive, aclocal and pkg-config versions.

3.3.1. 一般選項¶

--enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions¶

Support loadable extensions in the _sqlite extension module (default is no) of the sqlite3 module.

請見 sqlite3 模組的 sqlite3.Connection.enable_load_extension() 方法。

在 3.6 版被加入.

--disable-ipv6¶

停用 IPv6 支援（如果支援的話預設是啟用的），請見 socket 模組。

--enable-big-digits=[15|30]¶

Define the size in bits of Python int digits: 15 or 30 bits.

By default, the digit size is 30.

將 PYLONG_BITS_IN_DIGIT 定義為 15 或 30。

參閱 sys.int_info.bits_per_digit。

--with-suffix=SUFFIX¶

將 Python 執行檔的後綴設定為 SUFFIX。

在 Windows 和 macOS 上預設的後綴是 .exe （python.exe 執行檔）、在 Emscripten node 上為 .js、在 Emscripten 瀏覽器為 .html、在 WASI 上為 .wasm，以及在其他平台為空字串（python 執行檔）。

在 3.11 版的變更: 在 WASM 平台上預設的後綴是 .js、.html 或 .wasm 中的一個。

--with-tzpath=<list of absolute paths separated by pathsep>¶

Select the default time zone search path for zoneinfo.TZPATH. See the Compile-time configuration of the zoneinfo module.

預設值：/usr/share/zoneinfo:/usr/lib/zoneinfo:/usr/share/lib/zoneinfo:/etc/zoneinfo。

請見 os.pathsep 路徑分隔符號。

在 3.9 版被加入.

--without-decimal-contextvar¶

Build the _decimal extension module using a thread-local context rather than a coroutine-local context (default), see the decimal module.

請見 decimal.HAVE_CONTEXTVAR 與 contextvars 模組。

在 3.9 版被加入.

--with-dbmliborder=<list of backend names>¶

Override order to check db backends for the dbm module

A valid value is a colon (:) separated string with the backend names:

• ndbm;

• gdbm;

• bdb.

--without-c-locale-coercion¶

Disable C locale coercion to a UTF-8 based locale (enabled by default).

不要定義 PY_COERCE_C_LOCALE 巨集。

請見 PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE 與 PEP 538。

--without-freelists¶

Disable all freelists except the empty tuple singleton.

在 3.11 版被加入.

--with-platlibdir=DIRNAME¶

Python 函式庫目錄名稱（預設為 lib ）。

Fedora 和 SuSE 在 64 位元平台上使用 lib64。

參閱 sys.platlibdir。

在 3.9 版被加入.

--with-wheel-pkg-dir=PATH¶

Directory of wheel packages used by the ensurepip module (none by default).

Some Linux distribution packaging policies recommend against bundling dependencies. For example, Fedora installs wheel packages in the /usr/share/python-wheels/ directory and don't install the ensurepip._bundled package.

在 3.10 版被加入.

--with-pkg-config=[check|yes|no]¶

Whether configure should use pkg-config to detect build dependencies.

• check（預設）：pkg-config 是可選的

• yes：pkg-config 是必要的

• no：即使存在也不使用 pkg-config 來配置

在 3.11 版被加入.

--enable-pystats¶

Turn on internal Python performance statistics gathering.

By default, statistics gathering is off. Use python3 -X pystats command or set PYTHONSTATS=1 environment variable to turn on statistics gathering at Python startup.

At Python exit, dump statistics if statistics gathering was on and not cleared.

效果：

• 新增 -X pystats 命令列選項。

• 新增 PYTHONSTATS 環境變數。

• 定義 Py_STATS 巨集。

• 新增函式到 sys 模組。

  • sys._stats_on()：啟用統計資料收集。

  • sys._stats_off()：關閉統計資料收集。

  • sys._stats_clear()：清除統計資料。

  • sys._stats_dump()：將統計資料轉儲到檔案，並清除統計資料。

統計資料將被轉儲到 /tmp/py_stats/ (Unix) 或 C:\temp\py_stats\ (Windows) 中的任意（可能是唯一的）檔案。如果該目錄不存在，結果將被列印到 stderr。

使用 Tools/scripts/summarize_stats.py 來讀取統計資料。

Statistics:

• Opcode:

  • Specialization: success, failure, hit, deferred, miss, deopt, failures;

  • Execution count;

  • Pair count.

• Call:

  • Inlined Python calls;

  • PyEval calls;

  • Frames pushed;

  • Frame object created;

  • Eval calls: vector, generator, legacy, function VECTORCALL, build class, slot, function "ex", API, method.

• 物件：

  • incref and decref;

  • interpreter incref and decref;

  • allocations: all, 512 bytes, 4 kiB, big;

  • free;

  • to/from free lists;

  • dictionary materialized/dematerialized;

  • type cache;

  • 最佳化嘗試；

  • optimization traces created/executed;

  • uops executed.

• Garbage collector:

  • Garbage collections;

  • Objects visited;

  • Objects collected.

在 3.11 版被加入.

--disable-gil¶

Enables experimental support for running Python without the global interpreter lock (GIL): free threading build.

Defines the Py_GIL_DISABLED macro and adds "t" to sys.abiflags.

See Free-threaded CPython for more detail.

在 3.13 版被加入.

--enable-experimental-jit=[no|yes|yes-off|interpreter]¶

Indicate how to integrate the JIT compiler.

• no - build the interpreter without the JIT.

• yes - build the interpreter with the JIT.

• yes-off - build the interpreter with the JIT but disable it by default.

• interpreter - build the interpreter without the JIT, but with the tier 2 enabled interpreter.

By convention, --enable-experimental-jit is a shorthand for --enable-experimental-jit=yes.

備註

When building CPython with JIT enabled, ensure that your system has Python 3.11 or later installed.

在 3.13 版被加入.

PKG_CONFIG¶

Path to pkg-config utility.

PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR¶

PKG_CONFIG_PATH¶

pkg-config 選項。

3.3.2. C 編譯器選項。¶

CC¶

C 編譯器指令。

CFLAGS¶

C 編譯器旗標。

CPP¶

C 預處理器指令。

CPPFLAGS¶

C 預處理器旗標，例如：-Iinclude_dir。

3.3.3. Linker options¶

LDFLAGS¶

Linker flags, e.g. -Llibrary_directory.

LIBS¶

Libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -llibrary.

MACHDEP¶

Name for machine-dependent library files.

3.3.4. Options for third-party dependencies¶

BZIP2_CFLAGS¶

BZIP2_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags to link Python to libbz2, used by bz2 module, overriding pkg-config.

CURSES_CFLAGS¶

CURSES_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for libncurses or libncursesw, used by curses module, overriding pkg-config.

GDBM_CFLAGS¶

GDBM_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for gdbm.

LIBB2_CFLAGS¶

LIBB2_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for libb2 (BLAKE2), used by hashlib module, overriding pkg-config.

LIBEDIT_CFLAGS¶

LIBEDIT_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for libedit, used by readline module, overriding pkg-config.

LIBFFI_CFLAGS¶

LIBFFI_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for libffi, used by ctypes module, overriding pkg-config.

LIBMPDEC_CFLAGS¶

LIBMPDEC_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for libmpdec, used by decimal module, overriding pkg-config.

備註

These environment variables have no effect unless --with-system-libmpdec is specified.

LIBLZMA_CFLAGS¶

LIBLZMA_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for liblzma, used by lzma module, overriding pkg-config.

LIBREADLINE_CFLAGS¶

LIBREADLINE_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for libreadline, used by readline module, overriding pkg-config.

LIBSQLITE3_CFLAGS¶

LIBSQLITE3_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for libsqlite3, used by sqlite3 module, overriding pkg-config.

LIBUUID_CFLAGS¶

LIBUUID_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for libuuid, used by uuid module, overriding pkg-config.

PANEL_CFLAGS¶

PANEL_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for PANEL, overriding pkg-config.

C compiler and linker flags for libpanel or libpanelw, used by curses.panel module, overriding pkg-config.

TCLTK_CFLAGS¶

TCLTK_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for TCLTK, overriding pkg-config.

ZLIB_CFLAGS¶

ZLIB_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for libzlib, used by gzip module, overriding pkg-config.

3.3.5. WebAssembly 選項¶

--with-emscripten-target=[browser|node]¶

Set build flavor for wasm32-emscripten.

• browser (default): preload minimal stdlib, default MEMFS.

• node：對 NODERAWFS 和 pthread 支援。

在 3.11 版被加入.

--enable-wasm-dynamic-linking¶

Turn on dynamic linking support for WASM.

Dynamic linking enables dlopen. File size of the executable increases due to limited dead code elimination and additional features.

在 3.11 版被加入.

--enable-wasm-pthreads¶

Turn on pthreads support for WASM.

在 3.11 版被加入.

3.3.6. 安裝選項¶

--prefix=PREFIX¶

Install architecture-independent files in PREFIX. On Unix, it defaults to /usr/local.

這個值可以在 runtime 使用 sys.prefix 取得。

As an example, one can use --prefix="$HOME/.local/" to install a Python in its home directory.

--exec-prefix=EPREFIX¶

Install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX, defaults to --prefix.

這個值可以在 runtime 使用 sys.exec_prefix 取得

--disable-test-modules¶

Don't build nor install test modules, like the test package or the _testcapi extension module (built and installed by default).

在 3.10 版被加入.

--with-ensurepip=[upgrade|install|no]¶

選擇在 Python 安裝時執行的 ensurepip 命令：

• upgrade （預設）：執行 python -m ensurepip --altinstall --upgrade 命令。

• install：執行 python -m ensurepip --altinstall 命令；

• no：不要執行 ensurepip；

在 3.6 版被加入.

3.3.7. 效能選項¶

Configuring Python using --enable-optimizations --with-lto (PGO + LTO) is recommended for best performance. The experimental --enable-bolt flag can also be used to improve performance.

--enable-optimizations¶

Enable Profile Guided Optimization (PGO) using PROFILE_TASK (disabled by default).

The C compiler Clang requires llvm-profdata program for PGO. On macOS, GCC also requires it: GCC is just an alias to Clang on macOS.

Disable also semantic interposition in libpython if --enable-shared and GCC is used: add -fno-semantic-interposition to the compiler and linker flags.

備註

During the build, you may encounter compiler warnings about profile data not being available for some source files. These warnings are harmless, as only a subset of the code is exercised during profile data acquisition. To disable these warnings on Clang, manually suppress them by adding -Wno-profile-instr-unprofiled to CFLAGS.

在 3.6 版被加入.

在 3.10 版的變更: 在 GCC 上使用 -fno-semantic-interposition。

PROFILE_TASK¶

Environment variable used in the Makefile: Python command line arguments for the PGO generation task.

預設值：-m test --pgo --timeout=$(TESTTIMEOUT)。

在 3.8 版被加入.

在 3.13 版的變更: Task failure is no longer ignored silently.

--with-lto=[full|thin|no|yes]¶

Enable Link Time Optimization (LTO) in any build (disabled by default).

The C compiler Clang requires llvm-ar for LTO (ar on macOS), as well as an LTO-aware linker (ld.gold or lld).

在 3.6 版被加入.

在 3.11 版被加入: To use ThinLTO feature, use --with-lto=thin on Clang.

在 3.12 版的變更: Use ThinLTO as the default optimization policy on Clang if the compiler accepts the flag.

--enable-bolt¶

Enable usage of the BOLT post-link binary optimizer (disabled by default).

BOLT is part of the LLVM project but is not always included in their binary distributions. This flag requires that llvm-bolt and merge-fdata are available.

BOLT is still a fairly new project so this flag should be considered experimental for now. Because this tool operates on machine code its success is dependent on a combination of the build environment + the other optimization configure args + the CPU architecture, and not all combinations are supported. BOLT versions before LLVM 16 are known to crash BOLT under some scenarios. Use of LLVM 16 or newer for BOLT optimization is strongly encouraged.

The BOLT_INSTRUMENT_FLAGS and BOLT_APPLY_FLAGS configure variables can be defined to override the default set of arguments for llvm-bolt to instrument and apply BOLT data to binaries, respectively.

在 3.12 版被加入.

BOLT_APPLY_FLAGS¶

Arguments to llvm-bolt when creating a BOLT optimized binary.

在 3.12 版被加入.

BOLT_INSTRUMENT_FLAGS¶

Arguments to llvm-bolt when instrumenting binaries.

在 3.12 版被加入.

--with-computed-gotos¶

Enable computed gotos in evaluation loop (enabled by default on supported compilers).

--without-mimalloc¶

Disable the fast mimalloc allocator (enabled by default).

另請參閱 PYTHONMALLOC 環境變數。

--without-pymalloc¶

Disable the specialized Python memory allocator pymalloc (enabled by default).

另請參閱 PYTHONMALLOC 環境變數。

--without-doc-strings¶

Disable static documentation strings to reduce the memory footprint (enabled by default). Documentation strings defined in Python are not affected.

不要定義 WITH_DOC_STRINGS 巨集。

請見 PyDoc_STRVAR() 巨集。

--enable-profiling¶

Enable C-level code profiling with gprof (disabled by default).

--with-strict-overflow¶

Add -fstrict-overflow to the C compiler flags (by default we add -fno-strict-overflow instead).

3.3.8. Python Debug Build¶

A debug build is Python built with the --with-pydebug configure option.

Effects of a debug build:

• Display all warnings by default: the list of default warning filters is empty in the warnings module.

• 新增 d 到 sys.abiflags。

• 新增 sys.gettotalrefcount() 函式。

• 新增 -X showrefcount 命令列選項。

• Add -d command line option and PYTHONDEBUG environment variable to debug the parser.

• Add support for the __lltrace__ variable: enable low-level tracing in the bytecode evaluation loop if the variable is defined.

• Install debug hooks on memory allocators to detect buffer overflow and other memory errors.

• 定義 Py_DEBUG 和 Py_REF_DEBUG 巨集。

• Add runtime checks: code surrounded by #ifdef Py_DEBUG and #endif. Enable assert(...) and _PyObject_ASSERT(...) assertions: don't set the NDEBUG macro (see also the --with-assertions configure option). Main runtime checks:

  • Add sanity checks on the function arguments.

  • Unicode and int objects are created with their memory filled with a pattern to detect usage of uninitialized objects.

  • Ensure that functions which can clear or replace the current exception are not called with an exception raised.

  • Check that deallocator functions don't change the current exception.

  • The garbage collector (gc.collect() function) runs some basic checks on objects consistency.

  • The Py_SAFE_DOWNCAST() macro checks for integer underflow and overflow when downcasting from wide types to narrow types.

See also the Python Development Mode and the --with-trace-refs configure option.

3.3.9. 偵錯選項¶

--with-pydebug¶

以偵錯模式建置 Python：定義 Py_DEBUG 巨集（預設不啟用）。

--with-trace-refs¶

以偵錯為目的啟用參照追蹤（預設不啟用）。

效果：

• 定義 Py_TRACE_REFS 巨集。

• 新增 sys.getobjects() 函式。

• 新增 PYTHONDUMPREFS 環境變數。

PYTHONDUMPREFS 環境變數可以用來在 Python 結束時轉儲仍然有效的物件和參照計數。

不追蹤靜態配置的物件。

在 3.8 版被加入.

在 3.13 版的變更: 這個建置現在與發佈版本建置和偵錯建置具有 ABI 相容性。

--with-assertions¶

啟用 C 斷言建置（預設不啟用）：assert(...); 和 _PyObject_ASSERT(...);。

如果設定，NDEBUG 巨集不會在 OPT 編譯器變數中定義。

另請參閱 --with-pydebug 選項（debug build），它也啟用了斷言。

在 3.6 版被加入.

--with-valgrind¶

啟用 Valgrind 支援（預設不啟用）。

--with-dtrace¶

啟用 DTrace 支援（預設不啟用）。

請參閱使用 DTrace 和 SystemTap 檢測 CPython。

在 3.6 版被加入.

--with-address-sanitizer¶

啟用 AddressSanitizer 記憶體錯誤偵測器 asan（預設不啟用）。

在 3.6 版被加入.

--with-memory-sanitizer¶

啟用 MemorySanitizer 分配錯誤偵測器 msan（預設不啟用）。

在 3.6 版被加入.

--with-undefined-behavior-sanitizer¶

啟用 UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer 未定義行為偵測器 ubsan（預設不啟用）。

在 3.6 版被加入.

--with-thread-sanitizer¶

啟用 ThreadSanitizer 資料競爭偵測器 tsan（預設不啟用）。

在 3.13 版被加入.

3.3.10. Linker options¶

--enable-shared¶

啟用建置共享 Python 函式庫：libpython（預設不啟用）。

--without-static-libpython¶

不要建置 libpythonMAJOR.MINOR.a 並且不要安裝 python.o（預設會建置並啟用）。

在 3.10 版被加入.

3.3.11. 函式庫選項¶

--with-libs='lib1 ...'¶

Link against additional libraries (default is no).

--with-system-expat¶

使用已安裝的 expat 函式庫建置 pyexpat 模組（預設不建置）。

--with-system-libmpdec¶

使用已安裝的 mpdecimal 函式庫建置 _decimal 擴充模組，請參閱 decimal 模組（預設建置）。

在 3.3 版被加入.

在 3.13 版的變更: 預設使用已安裝的 mpdecimal 函式庫。

Deprecated since version 3.13, will be removed in version 3.15: Python 3.15 不再隨附 mpdecimal 函式庫的原始碼副本。

也參考

LIBMPDEC_CFLAGS 和 LIBMPDEC_LIBS。

--with-readline=readline|editline¶

Designate a backend library for the readline module.

• readline: Use readline as the backend.

• editline: Use editline as the backend.

在 3.10 版被加入.

--without-readline¶

不要建置 readline 模組（預設會建置）。

不要定義 HAVE_LIBREADLINE 巨集。

在 3.10 版被加入.

--with-libm=STRING¶

Override libm math library to STRING (default is system-dependent).

--with-libc=STRING¶

Override libc C library to STRING (default is system-dependent).

--with-openssl=DIR¶

OpenSSL 目錄的根目錄。

在 3.7 版被加入.

--with-openssl-rpath=[no|auto|DIR]¶

Set runtime library directory (rpath) for OpenSSL libraries:

• no (default): don't set rpath;

• auto: auto-detect rpath from --with-openssl and pkg-config;

• DIR: set an explicit rpath.

在 3.10 版被加入.

3.3.12. 安全性選項¶

--with-hash-algorithm=[fnv|siphash13|siphash24]¶

Select hash algorithm for use in Python/pyhash.c:

• siphash13（預設）；

• siphash24；

• fnv。

在 3.4 版被加入.

在 3.11 版被加入: siphash13 is added and it is the new default.

--with-builtin-hashlib-hashes=md5,sha1,sha256,sha512,sha3,blake2¶

內建雜湊模組：

• md5；

• sha1；

• sha256；

• sha512；

• sha3 (with shake);

• blake2。

在 3.9 版被加入.

--with-ssl-default-suites=[python|openssl|STRING]¶

Override the OpenSSL default cipher suites string:

• python (default): use Python's preferred selection;

• openssl: leave OpenSSL's defaults untouched;

• STRING: use a custom string

請見 ssl 模組。

在 3.7 版被加入.

在 3.10 版的變更: The settings python and STRING also set TLS 1.2 as minimum protocol version.

3.3.13. macOS 選項¶

參閱 Mac/README.rst。

--enable-universalsdk¶

--enable-universalsdk=SDKDIR¶

Create a universal binary build. SDKDIR specifies which macOS SDK should be used to perform the build (default is no).

--enable-framework¶

--enable-framework=INSTALLDIR¶

Create a Python.framework rather than a traditional Unix install. Optional INSTALLDIR specifies the installation path (default is no).

--with-universal-archs=ARCH¶

Specify the kind of universal binary that should be created. This option is only valid when --enable-universalsdk is set.

選項：

• universal2（x86-64 與 arm64）；

• 32-bit（PPC 與 i386）；

• 64-bit（PPC64 與 x86-64）；

• 3-way（i386、PPC 與 x86-64）；

• intel（i386 與 x86-64）；

• intel-32（i386）；

• intel-64（x86-64）；

• all（PPC、i386、PPC64 與 x86-64）。

Note that values for this configuration item are not the same as the identifiers used for universal binary wheels on macOS. See the Python Packaging User Guide for details on the packaging platform compatibility tags used on macOS

--with-framework-name=FRAMEWORK¶

Specify the name for the python framework on macOS only valid when --enable-framework is set (default: Python).

--with-app-store-compliance¶

--with-app-store-compliance=PATCH-FILE¶

The Python standard library contains strings that are known to trigger automated inspection tool errors when submitted for distribution by the macOS and iOS App Stores. If enabled, this option will apply the list of patches that are known to correct app store compliance. A custom patch file can also be specified. This option is disabled by default.

在 3.13 版被加入.

3.3.14. iOS 選項¶

參閱 iOS/README.rst。

--enable-framework=INSTALLDIR¶

Create a Python.framework. Unlike macOS, the INSTALLDIR argument specifying the installation path is mandatory.

--with-framework-name=FRAMEWORK¶

指定框架的名稱（預設值：Python）。

3.3.15. Cross Compiling Options¶

Cross compiling, also known as cross building, can be used to build Python for another CPU architecture or platform. Cross compiling requires a Python interpreter for the build platform. The version of the build Python must match the version of the cross compiled host Python.

--build=BUILD¶

configure for building on BUILD, usually guessed by config.guess.

--host=HOST¶

cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST (target platform)

--with-build-python=path/to/python¶

path to build python binary for cross compiling

在 3.11 版被加入.

CONFIG_SITE=file¶

An environment variable that points to a file with configure overrides.

範例 config.site 檔案：

# config.site-aarch64
ac_cv_buggy_getaddrinfo=no
ac_cv_file__dev_ptmx=yes
ac_cv_file__dev_ptc=no

HOSTRUNNER¶

Program to run CPython for the host platform for cross-compilation.

在 3.11 版被加入.

Cross compiling example:

CONFIG_SITE=config.site-aarch64 ../configure \
    --build=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu \
    --host=aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu \
    --with-build-python=../x86_64/python

3.4.1. 建置系統的主要檔案¶

• configure.ac => configure；

• Makefile.pre.in => Makefile（由 configure 建立）；

• pyconfig.h（由 configure 建立）；

• Modules/Setup: C extensions built by the Makefile using Module/makesetup shell script;

3.4.2. 主要建置步驟¶

• C 檔案（.c）被建置為目的檔（.o）。

• A static libpython library (.a) is created from objects files.

• python.o and the static libpython library are linked into the final python program.

• C extensions are built by the Makefile (see Modules/Setup).

3.4.3. 主要 Makefile 目標¶

3.4.4. C 擴充模組¶

Some C extensions are built as built-in modules, like the sys module. They are built with the Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN macro defined. Built-in modules have no __file__ attribute:

>>> import sys
>>> sys
<module 'sys' (built-in)>
>>> sys.__file__
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: module 'sys' has no attribute '__file__'

Other C extensions are built as dynamic libraries, like the _asyncio module. They are built with the Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE macro defined. Example on Linux x86-64:

>>> import _asyncio
>>> _asyncio
<module '_asyncio' from '/usr/lib64/python3.9/lib-dynload/_asyncio.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>
>>> _asyncio.__file__
'/usr/lib64/python3.9/lib-dynload/_asyncio.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'

Modules/Setup is used to generate Makefile targets to build C extensions. At the beginning of the files, C extensions are built as built-in modules. Extensions defined after the *shared* marker are built as dynamic libraries.

The PyAPI_FUNC(), PyAPI_DATA() and PyMODINIT_FUNC macros of Include/exports.h are defined differently depending if the Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE macro is defined:

• 如果定義了 Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE，則使用 Py_EXPORTED_SYMBOL

• 否則使用 Py_IMPORTED_SYMBOL。

If the Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN macro is used by mistake on a C extension built as a shared library, its PyInit_xxx() function is not exported, causing an ImportError on import.

3.5.1. 預處理器旗標¶

CONFIGURE_CPPFLAGS¶

Value of CPPFLAGS variable passed to the ./configure script.

在 3.6 版被加入.

CPPFLAGS¶

(Objective) C/C++ preprocessor flags, e.g. -Iinclude_dir if you have headers in a nonstandard directory include_dir.

Both CPPFLAGS and LDFLAGS need to contain the shell's value to be able to build extension modules using the directories specified in the environment variables.

BASECPPFLAGS¶

在 3.4 版被加入.

PY_CPPFLAGS¶

Extra preprocessor flags added for building the interpreter object files.

Default: $(BASECPPFLAGS) -I. -I$(srcdir)/Include $(CONFIGURE_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS).

在 3.2 版被加入.

3.5.2. 編譯器旗標¶

CC¶

C 編譯器指令。

範例：gcc -pthread。

CXX¶

C++ 編譯器指令。

範例：g++ -pthread。

CFLAGS¶

C 編譯器旗標。

CFLAGS_NODIST¶

CFLAGS_NODIST is used for building the interpreter and stdlib C extensions. Use it when a compiler flag should not be part of CFLAGS once Python is installed (gh-65320).

In particular, CFLAGS should not contain:

• the compiler flag -I (for setting the search path for include files). The -I flags are processed from left to right, and any flags in CFLAGS would take precedence over user- and package-supplied -I flags.

• hardening flags such as -Werror because distributions cannot control whether packages installed by users conform to such heightened standards.

在 3.5 版被加入.

COMPILEALL_OPTS¶

Options passed to the compileall command line when building PYC files in make install. Default: -j0.

在 3.12 版被加入.

EXTRA_CFLAGS¶

額外的 C 編譯器旗標。

CONFIGURE_CFLAGS¶

Value of CFLAGS variable passed to the ./configure script.

在 3.2 版被加入.

CONFIGURE_CFLAGS_NODIST¶

Value of CFLAGS_NODIST variable passed to the ./configure script.

在 3.5 版被加入.

BASECFLAGS¶

基本編譯器旗標。

OPT¶

最佳化旗標。

CFLAGS_ALIASING¶

Strict or non-strict aliasing flags used to compile Python/dtoa.c.

在 3.7 版被加入.

CCSHARED¶

用於建置共享函式庫的編譯器旗標。

例如說 -fPIC 被使用於 Linux 與 BSD 上。

CFLAGSFORSHARED¶

用於建置直譯器目的檔的額外 C 旗標。

預設值：當使用 --enable-shared 時為 $(CCSHARED)，否則為空字串。

PY_CFLAGS¶

預設值：$(BASECFLAGS) $(OPT) $(CONFIGURE_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(EXTRA_CFLAGS)。

PY_CFLAGS_NODIST¶

預設值：$(CONFIGURE_CFLAGS_NODIST) $(CFLAGS_NODIST) -I$(srcdir)/Include/internal。

在 3.5 版被加入.

PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS¶

用於建置直譯器目的檔的 C 旗標。

預設值：$(PY_CFLAGS) $(PY_CFLAGS_NODIST) $(PY_CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGSFORSHARED)。

在 3.7 版被加入.

PY_CORE_CFLAGS¶

預設值：$(PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS) -DPy_BUILD_CORE。

在 3.2 版被加入.

PY_BUILTIN_MODULE_CFLAGS¶

Compiler flags to build a standard library extension module as a built-in module, like the posix module.

預設值：$(PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS) -DPy_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN。

在 3.8 版被加入.

PURIFY¶

Purify command. Purify is a memory debugger program.

預設值：空字串（未使用）。

3.5.3. Linker flags¶

LINKCC¶

Linker command used to build programs like python and _testembed.

預設值：$(PURIFY) $(CC)。

CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS¶

Value of LDFLAGS variable passed to the ./configure script.

Avoid assigning CFLAGS, LDFLAGS, etc. so users can use them on the command line to append to these values without stomping the pre-set values.

在 3.2 版被加入.

LDFLAGS_NODIST¶

LDFLAGS_NODIST is used in the same manner as CFLAGS_NODIST. Use it when a linker flag should not be part of LDFLAGS once Python is installed (gh-65320).

In particular, LDFLAGS should not contain:

• the compiler flag -L (for setting the search path for libraries). The -L flags are processed from left to right, and any flags in LDFLAGS would take precedence over user- and package-supplied -L flags.

CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS_NODIST¶

Value of LDFLAGS_NODIST variable passed to the ./configure script.

在 3.8 版被加入.

LDFLAGS¶

Linker flags, e.g. -Llib_dir if you have libraries in a nonstandard directory lib_dir.

Both CPPFLAGS and LDFLAGS need to contain the shell's value to be able to build extension modules using the directories specified in the environment variables.

LIBS¶

Linker flags to pass libraries to the linker when linking the Python executable.

範例：-lrt。

LDSHARED¶

建置共享函式庫的指令。

預設值：@LDSHARED@ $(PY_LDFLAGS)。

BLDSHARED¶

建置 libpython 共享函式庫的指令。

預設值：@BLDSHARED@ $(PY_CORE_LDFLAGS)。

PY_LDFLAGS¶

預設值：$(CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)。

PY_LDFLAGS_NODIST¶

預設值：$(CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS_NODIST) $(LDFLAGS_NODIST)。

在 3.8 版被加入.

PY_CORE_LDFLAGS¶

Linker flags used for building the interpreter object files.

在 3.8 版被加入.

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