This is a wrapper around PyImport_Import() which takes a
const char* as an argument instead of a PyObject*.
This function is a deprecated alias of PyImport_ImportModule().
在 3.3 版的變更: This function used to fail immediately when the import lock was held by another thread. In Python 3.3 though, the locking scheme switched to per-module locks for most purposes, so this function's special behaviour isn't needed anymore.
Deprecated since version 3.13, will be removed in version 3.15: 請改用 PyImport_ImportModule()。
Import a module. This is best described by referring to the built-in Python
function __import__().
The return value is a new reference to the imported module or top-level
package, or NULL with an exception set on failure. Like for
__import__(), the return value when a submodule of a package was
requested is normally the top-level package, unless a non-empty fromlist
was given.
Failing imports remove incomplete module objects, like with
PyImport_ImportModule().
Import a module. This is best described by referring to the built-in Python
function __import__(), as the standard __import__() function calls
this function directly.
The return value is a new reference to the imported module or top-level package,
or NULL with an exception set on failure. Like for __import__(),
the return value when a submodule of a package was requested is normally the
top-level package, unless a non-empty fromlist was given.
在 3.3 版被加入.
Similar to PyImport_ImportModuleLevelObject(), but the name is a
UTF-8 encoded string instead of a Unicode object.
在 3.3 版的變更: Negative values for level are no longer accepted.
This is a higher-level interface that calls the current "import hook
function" (with an explicit level of 0, meaning absolute import). It
invokes the __import__() function from the __builtins__ of the
current globals. This means that the import is done using whatever import
hooks are installed in the current environment.
This function always uses absolute imports.
Reload a module. Return a new reference to the reloaded module, or NULL with
an exception set on failure (the module still exists in this case).
Return the module object corresponding to a module name.
The name argument may be of the form package.module. First check the
modules dictionary if there's one there, and if not, create a new one and
insert it in the modules dictionary.
Return a strong reference to the module on success. Return NULL
with an exception set on failure.
The module name name is decoded from UTF-8.
This function does not load or import the module; if the module wasn't
already loaded, you will get an empty module object. Use
PyImport_ImportModule() or one of its variants to import a module.
Package structures implied by a dotted name for name are not created if
not already present.
在 3.13 版被加入.
Similar to PyImport_AddModuleRef(), but return a borrowed
reference and name is a Python str object.
在 3.3 版被加入.
Similar to PyImport_AddModuleRef(), but return a borrowed
reference.
Given a module name (possibly of the form package.module) and a code object
read from a Python bytecode file or obtained from the built-in function
compile(), load the module. Return a new reference to the module object,
or NULL with an exception set if an error occurred. name
is removed from sys.modules in error cases, even if name was already
in sys.modules on entry to PyImport_ExecCodeModule(). Leaving
incompletely initialized modules in sys.modules is dangerous, as imports of
such modules have no way to know that the module object is an unknown (and
probably damaged with respect to the module author's intents) state.
The module's __spec__ and __loader__ will be
set, if not set already, with the appropriate values. The spec's loader
will be set to the module's __loader__ (if set) and to an instance
of SourceFileLoader otherwise.
The module's __file__ attribute will be set to the code
object's co_filename. If applicable,
__cached__ will also be set.
This function will reload the module if it was already imported. See
PyImport_ReloadModule() for the intended way to reload a module.
If name points to a dotted name of the form package.module, any package
structures not already created will still not be created.
See also PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx() and
PyImport_ExecCodeModuleWithPathnames().
在 3.12 版的變更: The setting of __cached__ and __loader__
is deprecated. See ModuleSpec for
alternatives.
Like PyImport_ExecCodeModule(), but the __file__
attribute of the module object is set to pathname if it is non-NULL.
Like PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx(), but the __cached__
attribute of the module object is set to cpathname if it is
non-NULL. Of the three functions, this is the preferred one to use.
在 3.3 版被加入.
在 3.12 版的變更: Setting __cached__ is deprecated. See
ModuleSpec for alternatives.
Like PyImport_ExecCodeModuleObject(), but name, pathname and
cpathname are UTF-8 encoded strings. Attempts are also made to figure out
what the value for pathname should be from cpathname if the former is
set to NULL.
在 3.2 版被加入.
在 3.3 版的變更: Uses imp.source_from_cache() in calculating the source path if
only the bytecode path is provided.
在 3.12 版的變更: 不再使用已被移除的 imp 模組。
Return the magic number for Python bytecode files (a.k.a. .pyc file).
The magic number should be present in the first four bytes of the bytecode
file, in little-endian byte order. Returns -1 on error.
在 3.3 版的變更: 當失敗時回傳 -1。
Return the magic tag string for PEP 3147 format Python bytecode file
names. Keep in mind that the value at sys.implementation.cache_tag is
authoritative and should be used instead of this function.
在 3.2 版被加入.
Return the dictionary used for the module administration (a.k.a.
sys.modules). Note that this is a per-interpreter variable.
Return the already imported module with the given name. If the
module has not been imported yet then returns NULL but does not set
an error. Returns NULL and sets an error if the lookup failed.
在 3.7 版被加入.
Return a finder object for a sys.path/pkg.__path__ item
path, possibly by fetching it from the sys.path_importer_cache
dict. If it wasn't yet cached, traverse sys.path_hooks until a hook
is found that can handle the path item. Return None if no hook could;
this tells our caller that the path based finder could not find a
finder for this path item. Cache the result in sys.path_importer_cache.
Return a new reference to the finder object.
Load a frozen module named name. Return 1 for success, 0 if the
module is not found, and -1 with an exception set if the initialization
failed. To access the imported module on a successful load, use
PyImport_ImportModule(). (Note the misnomer --- this function would
reload the module if it was already imported.)
在 3.3 版被加入.
在 3.4 版的變更: The __file__ attribute is no longer set on the module.
Similar to PyImport_ImportFrozenModuleObject(), but the name is a
UTF-8 encoded string instead of a Unicode object.
This is the structure type definition for frozen module descriptors, as
generated by the freeze utility (see Tools/freeze/ in the
Python source distribution). Its definition, found in Include/import.h,
is:
struct _frozen {
const char *name;
const unsigned char *code;
int size;
bool is_package;
};
在 3.11 版的變更: The new is_package field indicates whether the module is a package or not.
This replaces setting the size field to a negative value.
This pointer is initialized to point to an array of _frozen
records, terminated by one whose members are all NULL or zero. When a frozen
module is imported, it is searched in this table. Third-party code could play
tricks with this to provide a dynamically created collection of frozen modules.
Add a single module to the existing table of built-in modules. This is a
convenience wrapper around PyImport_ExtendInittab(), returning -1 if
the table could not be extended. The new module can be imported by the name
name, and uses the function initfunc as the initialization function called
on the first attempted import. This should be called before
Py_Initialize().
Structure describing a single entry in the list of built-in modules.
Programs which
embed Python may use an array of these structures in conjunction with
PyImport_ExtendInittab() to provide additional built-in modules.
The structure consists of two members:
The module name, as an ASCII encoded string.
Add a collection of modules to the table of built-in modules. The newtab
array must end with a sentinel entry which contains NULL for the name
field; failure to provide the sentinel value can result in a memory fault.
Returns 0 on success or -1 if insufficient memory could be allocated to
extend the internal table. In the event of failure, no modules are added to the
internal table. This must be called before Py_Initialize().
If Python is initialized multiple times, PyImport_AppendInittab() or
PyImport_ExtendInittab() must be called before each Python
initialization.