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. 2021 Jan:108:116-126.
doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.12.002. Epub 2020 Dec 4.

Effect of a novel DNA vaccine against pancreas disease caused by salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Ragnar Thorarinsson  1 , Jeffrey C Wolf  2 , Makoto Inami  3 , Lisa Phillips  4 , Ginny Jones  5 , Alicia M Macdonald  6 , Jose F Rodriguez  7 , Hilde Sindre  8 , Eystein Skjerve  9 , Espen Rimstad  10 , Øystein Evensen  11
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Elanco Animal Health, Solheimsgaten 18, N-5058, Bergen, Norway. Electronic address: ragnar.thorarinsson@elanco.com.
  • 2 Experimental Pathology Laboratories Inc., 45600 Terminal Drive, Sterling, VA, 20166, USA. Electronic address: jwolf@epl-inc.com.
  • 3 VESO Vikan, Beisvågveien 108, Vikan, N-7810, Namsos, Norway. Electronic address: makoto.inami@veso.no.
  • 4 Elanco Canada Ltd., 37 McCarville Street, Charlottetown, PE C1E 2A7, Canada. Electronic address: phillips_lisa@elanco.com.
  • 5 Elanco Canada Ltd., 37 McCarville Street, Charlottetown, PE C1E 2A7, Canada. Electronic address: jones_ginny@elanco.com.
  • 6 Elanco Canada Ltd., 37 McCarville Street, Charlottetown, PE C1E 2A7, Canada. Electronic address: alicia.macdonald@elanco.com.
  • 7 Elanco Canada Ltd., 37 McCarville Street, Charlottetown, PE C1E 2A7, Canada. Electronic address: jose_f.rodriguez@elanco.com.
  • 8 Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ullevålsveien 68, N-0454, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: hilde.sindre@vetinst.no.
  • 9 Norwegian University of Life Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ullevålsveien 72, N-0454, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: eystein.skjerve@nmbu.no.
  • 10 Norwegian University of Life Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ullevålsveien 72, N-0454, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: espen.rimstad@nmbu.no.
  • 11 Norwegian University of Life Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ullevålsveien 72, N-0454, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: oystein.evensen@nmbu.no.
Free article

Effect of a novel DNA vaccine against pancreas disease caused by salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Ragnar Thorarinsson et al. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2021 Jan.
Free article
. 2021 Jan:108:116-126.
doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.12.002. Epub 2020 Dec 4.

Authors

Ragnar Thorarinsson  1 , Jeffrey C Wolf  2 , Makoto Inami  3 , Lisa Phillips  4 , Ginny Jones  5 , Alicia M Macdonald  6 , Jose F Rodriguez  7 , Hilde Sindre  8 , Eystein Skjerve  9 , Espen Rimstad  10 , Øystein Evensen  11

Affiliations

  • 1 Elanco Animal Health, Solheimsgaten 18, N-5058, Bergen, Norway. Electronic address: ragnar.thorarinsson@elanco.com.
  • 2 Experimental Pathology Laboratories Inc., 45600 Terminal Drive, Sterling, VA, 20166, USA. Electronic address: jwolf@epl-inc.com.
  • 3 VESO Vikan, Beisvågveien 108, Vikan, N-7810, Namsos, Norway. Electronic address: makoto.inami@veso.no.
  • 4 Elanco Canada Ltd., 37 McCarville Street, Charlottetown, PE C1E 2A7, Canada. Electronic address: phillips_lisa@elanco.com.
  • 5 Elanco Canada Ltd., 37 McCarville Street, Charlottetown, PE C1E 2A7, Canada. Electronic address: jones_ginny@elanco.com.
  • 6 Elanco Canada Ltd., 37 McCarville Street, Charlottetown, PE C1E 2A7, Canada. Electronic address: alicia.macdonald@elanco.com.
  • 7 Elanco Canada Ltd., 37 McCarville Street, Charlottetown, PE C1E 2A7, Canada. Electronic address: jose_f.rodriguez@elanco.com.
  • 8 Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ullevålsveien 68, N-0454, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: hilde.sindre@vetinst.no.
  • 9 Norwegian University of Life Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ullevålsveien 72, N-0454, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: eystein.skjerve@nmbu.no.
  • 10 Norwegian University of Life Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ullevålsveien 72, N-0454, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: espen.rimstad@nmbu.no.
  • 11 Norwegian University of Life Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ullevålsveien 72, N-0454, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: oystein.evensen@nmbu.no.

Abstract

Pancreas disease (PD) caused by salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 (SAV3) is a serious disease with large economic impact on farmed Norwegian Atlantic salmon production despite years of use of oil-adjuvanted vaccines against PD (OAVs). In this study, two commercially available PD vaccines, a DNA vaccine (DNAV) and an OAV, were compared in an experimental setting. At approximately 1040° days (dd) at 12 °C post immunization, the fish were challenged with SAV3 by cohabitation 9 days after transfer to sea water. Sampling was done prior to challenge and at 19, 54, and 83 days post-challenge (dpc). When compared to the OAV and control (Saline) groups, the DNAV group had significantly higher SAV3 neutralizing antibody titers after the immunization period, significantly lower SAV3 viremia levels at 19 dpc, significantly reduced transmission of SAV3 to naïve fish in the latter part of the viremic phase, significantly higher weight gain post-challenge, and significantly reduced prevalence and/or severity of SAV-induced morphologic changes in target organs. The DNAV group had also significantly higher post-challenge survival compared to the Saline group, but not to the OAV group. The data suggest that use of DNAV may reduce the economic impact of PD by protecting against destruction of the pancreas tissue and subsequent growth impairment which is the most common and costly clinical outcome of this disease.

Keywords: Atlantic salmon; DNA vaccine; Pancreas disease; Protective immunity; Salmonid alphavirus.

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