This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features!
Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation

Save citation to file

Add to Collections

Name must be less than 100 characters
Unable to load your collection due to an error
Please try again

Add to My Bibliography

Unable to load your delegates due to an error
Please try again

Your saved search

Would you like email updates of new search results?
Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons
()

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

. 2010 Nov 11;114(44):14020-7.
doi: 10.1021/jp106899k.

Persisting water droplets on water surfaces

Affiliations

Affiliation

  • 1 Department of Bioengineering, Box 355061, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.

Persisting water droplets on water surfaces

Ivan S Klyuzhin et al. J Phys Chem B. .
. 2010 Nov 11;114(44):14020-7.
doi: 10.1021/jp106899k.

Affiliation

  • 1 Department of Bioengineering, Box 355061, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.

Abstract

Droplets of various liquids may float on the respective surfaces for extended periods of time prior to coalescence. We explored the features of delayed coalescence in highly purified water. Droplets several millimeters in diameter were released from a nozzle onto a water surface. Results showed that droplets had float times up to hundreds of milliseconds. When the droplets did coalesce, they did so in stepwise fashion, with periods of quiescence interspersed between periods of coalescence. Up to six steps were noted before the droplet finally vanished. Droplets were released in a series, which allowed the detection of unexpected abrupt float-time changes throughout the duration of the series. Factors such as electrostatic charge, droplet size, and sideways motion had considerable effect on droplet lifetime, as did reduction of pressure, which also diminished the number of steps needed for coalescence. On the basis of present observations and recent reports, a possible mechanism for noncoalescence is considered.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Schematic representation of experimental setup.

Figure 1

Schematic representation of experimental setup.

Figure 1
Schematic representation of experimental setup.
Figure 2

Figure 2

Dynamics of water droplet falling…

Figure 2

Dynamics of water droplet falling onto water surface. Numbers indicate time count in…

Figure 2
Dynamics of water droplet falling onto water surface. Numbers indicate time count in milliseconds. White spots on the droplet are reflections of the illuminating light and should be ignored. Reflections of droplet on water surface and on microscope slide underneath are also visible. For optimizing presentation, the frame rate here was increased to 250 frames per second.
Figure 3

Figure 3

Coalescence cascade. For reference, the…

Figure 3

Coalescence cascade. For reference, the primary droplet is shown in the top left…

Figure 3
Coalescence cascade. For reference, the primary droplet is shown in the top left corner. The numbers indicate time in milliseconds after the primary droplet detached from the nozzle. For easy visualization, the trial displayed is one in which sideways motion of droplet was relatively small. A movie demonstrating coalescence process is available in the Supporting Information.
Figure 4

Figure 4

Average droplet diameter in coalescence…

Figure 4

Average droplet diameter in coalescence cascade. Droplet order refers to primary droplet, secondary…

Figure 4
Average droplet diameter in coalescence cascade. Droplet order refers to primary droplet, secondary droplet, and so on. (n = 30 coalescence cascades).
Figure 5

Figure 5

Residence times of droplets in…

Figure 5

Residence times of droplets in cascade.

Figure 5
Residence times of droplets in cascade.
Figure 6

Figure 6

Floating droplets formed as the…

Figure 6

Floating droplets formed as the jet of water from the nozzle broke into…

Figure 6
Floating droplets formed as the jet of water from the nozzle broke into individual droplets. Floating droplets quickly translated away from the region immediately beneath the tip.
Figure 7

Figure 7

Residence times of randomly chosen…

Figure 7

Residence times of randomly chosen moving droplets with different diameters ( n =…

Figure 7
Residence times of randomly chosen moving droplets with different diameters (n = 55, from four experimental trials). Residence times were measured from the moment of droplet formation in the vicinity of the nozzle until the first coalescence step.
Figure 8

Figure 8

Comparison of trials with inconsistent…

Figure 8

Comparison of trials with inconsistent (darker) and consistent (lighter) primary residence times. Where…

Figure 8
Comparison of trials with inconsistent (darker) and consistent (lighter) primary residence times. Where no bar is present, coalescence was instantaneous upon contact.
Figure 9

Figure 9

Residence time versus droplet number,…

Figure 9

Residence time versus droplet number, with examples of abrupt residence-time changes.

Figure 9
Residence time versus droplet number, with examples of abrupt residence-time changes.
Figure 10

Figure 10

Water droplet bouncing on a…

Figure 10

Water droplet bouncing on a thin layer of water. Inset shows apparent water…

Figure 10
Water droplet bouncing on a thin layer of water. Inset shows apparent water bridge between droplet and surface. The impact flattened the droplet and produced surface waves visible on the 50 ms panel.
Figure 11

Figure 11

Influence of air pressure on…

Figure 11

Influence of air pressure on residence time.

Figure 11
Influence of air pressure on residence time.
Figure 12

Figure 12

Effect of air pressure on…

Figure 12

Effect of air pressure on the number of steps in coalescence cascade. Median…

Figure 12
Effect of air pressure on the number of steps in coalescence cascade. Median values are shown at each pressure.
Figure 13

Figure 13

Possible mechanism of delayed coalescence.

Figure 13

Possible mechanism of delayed coalescence.

Figure 13
Possible mechanism of delayed coalescence.

References

    1. Reynolds O. Papers on Mechanical and Physical Subjects. Vol. 1 Cambridge University Press; Cambridge, U.K: 1900.
    1. Mahajan LD. Nature. 1930;126:761.
    1. Tephany H, Nahmias J. J Colloid Interface Sci. 1999;217:214–215. - PubMed
    1. Hazlehurst TH, Neville HA. J Phys Chem. 1937;41:1205–1214.
    1. Pollack GH. Water, Energy, and Life: Fresh Views From the Water’s Edge. University of Washington Annual Lectureship Award [Public Lecture]; 2008. Available from: http://www.uwtv.org/programs/displayevent.aspx?rID=22222&fID=497.

Publication types

Cite
Morty Proxy This is a proxified and sanitized view of the page, visit original site.