Persisting water droplets on water surfaces
- PMID: 20961076
- PMCID: PMC3208511
- DOI: 10.1021/jp106899k
Persisting water droplets on water surfaces
Abstract
Droplets of various liquids may float on the respective surfaces for extended periods of time prior to coalescence. We explored the features of delayed coalescence in highly purified water. Droplets several millimeters in diameter were released from a nozzle onto a water surface. Results showed that droplets had float times up to hundreds of milliseconds. When the droplets did coalesce, they did so in stepwise fashion, with periods of quiescence interspersed between periods of coalescence. Up to six steps were noted before the droplet finally vanished. Droplets were released in a series, which allowed the detection of unexpected abrupt float-time changes throughout the duration of the series. Factors such as electrostatic charge, droplet size, and sideways motion had considerable effect on droplet lifetime, as did reduction of pressure, which also diminished the number of steps needed for coalescence. On the basis of present observations and recent reports, a possible mechanism for noncoalescence is considered.
Figures
Figure 1
Schematic representation of experimental setup.
Figure 1
Schematic representation of experimental setup.
Figure 2
Dynamics of water droplet falling…
Figure 2
Dynamics of water droplet falling onto water surface. Numbers indicate time count in…
Figure 3
Coalescence cascade. For reference, the…
Figure 3
Coalescence cascade. For reference, the primary droplet is shown in the top left…
Figure 4
Average droplet diameter in coalescence…
Figure 4
Average droplet diameter in coalescence cascade. Droplet order refers to primary droplet, secondary…
Figure 5
Residence times of droplets in…
Figure 5
Residence times of droplets in cascade.
Figure 6
Floating droplets formed as the…
Figure 6
Floating droplets formed as the jet of water from the nozzle broke into…
Figure 7
Residence times of randomly chosen…
Figure 7
Residence times of randomly chosen moving droplets with different diameters ( n =…
Figure 8
Comparison of trials with inconsistent…
Figure 8
Comparison of trials with inconsistent (darker) and consistent (lighter) primary residence times. Where…
Figure 9
Residence time versus droplet number,…
Figure 9
Residence time versus droplet number, with examples of abrupt residence-time changes.
Figure 10
Water droplet bouncing on a…
Figure 10
Water droplet bouncing on a thin layer of water. Inset shows apparent water…
Figure 11
Influence of air pressure on…
Figure 11
Influence of air pressure on residence time.
Figure 12
Effect of air pressure on…
Figure 12
Effect of air pressure on the number of steps in coalescence cascade. Median…
Figure 13
Possible mechanism of delayed coalescence.
Figure 13
Possible mechanism of delayed coalescence.
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