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Ordinary homology is generalized homology with respect to an Eilenberg-MacLane spectrum , and often understood over .
Equivalently this is computed by singular homology with coefficients in .
Ordinary homology with coefficients in of a topological space serves to approximate the homotopy groups of .
See for instance at Hurewicz theorem
We discuss (twisted) ordinary homology and ordinary cohomology in terms of sections of (∞,1)-module bundles over the Eilenberg-MacLane spectrum.
Let be a commutative ring. Write
for the Eilenberg-MacLane spectrum of , canonically regarded as an E-∞ ring. Write
for the (∞,1)-category of (∞,1)-modules over .
There is an equivalence of (∞,1)-categories
between the (∞,1)-category of (∞,1)-modules over the Eilenberg-MacLane spectrum and the simplicial localization of the category of unbounded chain complexes of ordinary (1-categorical) -modules.
This is the statement of the stable Dold-Kan correspondence, see at (∞,1)-category of (∞,1)-modules – Properties – Stable Dold-Kan correspondence.
Let be a topological space and write ∞Grpd for its underlying homotopy type (its fundamental ∞-groupoid). Then we say that an (∞,1)-functor
is (the higher parallel transport) a flat (∞,1)-module bundle over , or a local system of -(∞,1)-modules over .
(Riemann-Hilbert correspondence)
If is an oriented closed manifold, then there is an equivalence of (∞,1)-categories
between flat (∞,1)-module bundles/local systems and L-∞ algebroid representations of the tangent Lie algebroid of . From right to left the equivalece is established by sending an L-∞ algebroid representation given (as discussed there) by a flat -graded connection on bundles of chain complexes (via prop. ), to its higher holonomy defined in terms of iterated integrals.
This is the main theorem in (Block-Smith 09).
We may think of equivalently as
forming flat sections of a flat (∞,1)-module bundle;
sending a flat (∞,1)-module bundle to its Thom spectrum (see at Thom spectrum – For (∞,1)-module bundles).
Write
for the flat (∞,1)-module bundle which is constant on the chain complex concentrated on in degree 0, the tensor unit in .
For a topological space, we have a natural equivalence (with the identification of prop. understood) of the form
between the -(∞,1)-module of sections of the trivial -(∞,1)-module bundle and the singular chain complex of for ordinary homology with coefficients in .
This is a classical basic (maybe folklore) statement. Here is one way to see it in full detail.
First notice that the (∞,1)-colimit of functors out of ∞-groupoids and constant on the tensor unit in is by definition the (∞,1)-tensoring operation of over ∞Grpd. Now if we find a presentation of by a simplicial model category the by the dicussion at (∞,1)-colomit – Tensoring and cotensoring – Models this (∞,1)-tensoring is given by the left derived functor of the sSet-tensoring in that simplicial model category.
To obtain this, use prop. and then the discussion at model structure on chain complexes in the section Projective model structure on unbounded chain complexes which says that there is a simplicial model category structure on the category of simplicial objects in the category of unbounded chain complexes which models , and whose weak equivalences are those morphisms that produce quasi-isomorphism under the total chain complex functor.
In summary it follows that with any simplicial set representing (under the homotopy hypothesis-theorem) we have
where on the right we have the coend over the simplex category of the tensoring (of simplicial sets with simplicial objects in the category of unbounded chain complexes) of the standard cosimplicial simplex with the simplicial diagram constant on the tensor unit chain complex.
The result on the right is manifestly, by the very definition of singular homology, under the ordinary Dold-Kan correspondence the chain complex of singular simplices:
If is a Poincaré duality space of dimension , then is a dualizable object which is almost self-dual except for a degree twist of (itself) degree 0:
Under the identifications of prop. and prop. this is the theorem discussed at Poincaré duality in the section Poincaré duality – Refinement to homotopy theory.
See also at Dold-Thom theorem.
see at ordinary homology spectra split
A classical account:
In terms of currents:
Textbook accounts:
Glen Bredon, Chapter IV of: Topology and Geometry, Graduate Texts in Mathematics 139, Springer (1993) [doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-6848-0, pdf]
Allen Hatcher, §2 in: Algebraic Topology, Cambridge University Press (2002) [ISBN:9780521795401, webpage]
Anatoly Fomenko, Dmitry Fuchs, §2 in: Homotopical Topology, Graduate Texts in Mathematics 273, Springer (2016) [doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23488-5, pdf]
Comprehensive monograph:
With an eye towards application in mathematical physics:
The Riemann-Hilbert correspondence/de Rham theorem for -modules is established in
On the Kenzo software for homology computations in constructive algebraic topology:
Last revised on September 4, 2025 at 17:27:49. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.