Contents

Idea

In particle physics the term Z’-boson refers to a hypothetical higher-mass cousin of the Z-boson which is predicted by some models that extend the standard model of particle physics, such as grand unified theories (e.g. Sahoo 06).

The existence of the has been proposed as one possible explanation of the apparently observed flavour anomalies (Gauld-Goertz-Haisch 13, D’Ambrosio-Iver-Piccinini-Polosa 19)

References

General

• Paul Langacker, The Physics of Heavy Gauge Bosons, Rev.Mod.Phys.81:1199-1228, 2009 (arXiv:0801.1345)

• The Review of Particle Physics 2017, 59. -boson searches (pdf)

• kjende.web.cern.ch/kjende/de/zpath_zprime.htm

• The Z’ Hunter’s Guide

Experimental constraints:

• CMS collaboration, Search for an gauge boson using events in proton-proton collisions at (arXiv:1808.03684)

As arising in GUTs:

• S. Sahoo, The prediction of mass of -boson in an -based model, Indian J. Phys. 80 (2), 191-194 (2006) (pdf)

In relation to flavour anomalies

As a possible solution to the flavour anomalies:

• Rhorry Gauld, Florian Goertz, Ulrich Haisch, An explicit Z’-boson explanation of the anomaly, JHEP01(2014)069 (arXiv:1310.1082)

• Richard H. Benavides, Luis Muñoz, William A. Ponce, Oscar Rodríguez, Eduardo Rojas, Minimal models for flavor anomalies (arXiv:1812.05077)

• Giancarlo D’Ambrosio, A. M. Iyer, F. Piccinini, A.D. Polosa, Confronting anomalies with atomic physics (arXiv:1902.00893)

• P. Ko, Takaaki Nomura, Chaehyun Yu, anomalies and related phenomenology in flavor gauge models (arXiv:1902.06107)

• Joe Davighi, Connecting neutral current anomalies with the heaviness of the third family, Contribution to the 2019 QCD session of the 54th Rencontres de Moriond (arXiv:1905.06073)

• Wolfgang Altmannshofer, Joe Davighi, Marco Nardecchia, Gauging the accidental symmetries of the Standard Model, and implications for the flavour anomalies (arXiv:1909.02021)

• Rigo Bause, Gudrun Hiller, Tim Höhne, Daniel F. Litim, Tom Steudtner, B-Anomalies from flavorful extensions, safely (arXiv:2109.06201)

  (in view of Higgs field metastability)

• Disha Bhatia, Nishita Desai, Amol Dighe, Frugal models with non-minimal flavor violation for anomalies and neutrino mixing* (arXiv:2109.07093)

Realization in F-theory of GUT-models with Z'-bosons and/or [leptoquarks]] addressing the flavour anomalies and the (g-2) anomalies:

• Miguel Crispim Romao, Stephen F. King, George K. Leontaris, Non-universal from Fluxed GUTs, Physics Letters B Volume 782, 10 July 2018, Pages 353-361 (arXiv:1710.02349)

• A. Karozas, G. K. Leontaris, I. Tavellaris, N. D. Vlachos, On the LHC signatures of F-theory motivated models (arXiv:2007.05936)

• Ben Allanach, Explanation of the Neutral Current −Anomalies (arXiv:2009.02197)

• Andreas Crivellin, Claudio Andreas Manzari, Marcel Alguero, Joaquim Matias, Combined Explanation of the Forward-Backward Asymmetry, the Cabibbo Angle Anomaly, and Data (arXiv:2010.14504)

• Marcel Algueró, Andreas Crivellin, Claudio Andrea Manzari, Joaquim Matias, Unified Explanation of the Anomalies in Semi-Leptonic decays and the Mass, Physical Review D (2022) [arXiv:2201.08170]