🏦 DEX Protocol

A Production-Grade Decentralized Exchange Built from Scratch

Full-stack AMM DEX featuring constant-product market making, limit order books with on-chain settlement, governance, liquidity mining, and real-time WebSocket-powered depth visualization.

English · 中文

Why This Project

This isn't a tutorial DEX. It's a complete, vertically-integrated DeFi protocol designed to demonstrate production-level engineering across the entire stack — from EVM smart contracts to real-time WebSocket infrastructure to a modern React frontend.

Key engineering decisions that matter in production:

OZ v5–compliant MINIMUM_LIQUIDITY — OpenZeppelin v5 forbids address(0) mint; MINIMUM_LIQUIDITY is minted to the pair contract itself, matching real-world Uniswap V2 deployments
Deterministic pair addressing — Tokens are sorted by address at creation, guaranteeing a canonical pair address per token pair and preventing duplicate pools
Constant-product invariant enforcement — Every swap, mint, and burn asserts √(reserve0 × reserve1) never decreases, making the pool self-auditing on-chain
Atomic limit order settlement — LimitOrderVault escrows tokenIn upfront; fillOrder validates AMM pricing via DEXLibrary.getAmountsOut before releasing funds, ensuring makers never receive less than their minimum
ReentrancyGuard on all state-mutating vaults — External token transfers (transfer, transferFrom) in Vault and Mining contracts are guarded; no check-effect-interaction vulnerability possible
Explicit versioned SQL migrations — Fully auditable, idempotent, and production-grade without ORM schema surprises
Zero-FK data layer — Referential integrity enforced at the application layer; eliminates cross-table lock contention under high-throughput blockchain event ingestion and simplifies horizontal scaling
WebSocket order book — Not just a REST polling UI; real-time bid/ask depth with on-chain event-driven updates
BigInt-safe pipeline — All token amounts stored as decimal strings with big.Rat arithmetic; zero floating-point anywhere from contract to DB to frontend

✨ Features

Category	Feature	Detail
Core AMM	Token Swap	ERC20 ↔ ERC20 with 0.3% fee, constant-product `x·y=k`
	ETH Wrapper	Native ETH ↔ ERC20 via WETH gateway
	Multi-hop Routing	A→B→C path optimization through intermediate pairs
	Slippage Protection	Configurable minimum output + transaction deadline
Liquidity	Add / Remove	Deposit paired tokens, receive LP shares; burn to withdraw
	LP Token	ERC20-compliant liquidity provider token with `permit` support
Limit Orders	Off-chain Orderbook	REST API + WebSocket for real-time depth aggregation
	On-chain Settlement	`LimitOrderVault` holds deposited tokens, fills atomically
	Event Sync	Backend listens to `OrderCreated/Filled/Cancelled` on-chain
Governance	Proposals	Create → Vote → Execute lifecycle with token-weighted voting
Liquidity Mining	Multi-pool Staking	Stake LP tokens, earn rewards proportional to pool weight
Real-time Data	WebSocket Push	Order book depth updates broadcast to all connected clients
	K-line / OHLCV	Historical candlestick data via REST API
	On-chain Event Listener	Factory `PairCreated`, Pair `Swap/Mint/Burn/Sync` indexed in real-time
Infrastructure	Multi-database	MySQL 8 / PostgreSQL / In-memory, switchable at runtime
	Raw SQL Migrations	No ORM schema drift — explicit, versioned DDL scripts
	Structured Logging	Dual output to stdout + `logs/backend.log`

🏗 System Architecture

                              ┌─────────────────────────┐
                              │       Frontend          │
                              │  Next.js 16 + React 19  │
                              │  wagmi 3 · RainbowKit   │
                              │  WebSocket · REST       │
                              └──────────┬──────────────┘
                                   │     │
                              HTTP │     │ WS
                                   ▼     ▼
                              ┌─────────────────────────┐
                              │      Go Backend         │
                              │  REST API · WebSocket   │
                              │  Event Indexer          │
                              │  Service Layer          │
                              └──────┬─────┬────────────┘
                                     │     │
                              RPC    │     │ SQL
                                     ▼     ▼
  ┌──────────────────────────┐  ┌────────────────┐
  │   EVM Blockchain         │  │   MySQL / PG   │
  │                          │  │                │
  │  ┌── DEXFactory ──────┐  │  │  pairs         │
  │  │  createPair()      │  │  │  tokens        │
  │  └────────┬───────────┘  │  │  swap_events   │
  │           │              │  │  klines        │
  │  ┌── DEXPair ─────────┐  │  │  limit_orders  │
  │  │  swap() mint()     │  │  │  governance_   │
  │  │  burn() sync()     │  │  │    proposals   │
  │  └────────────────────┘  │  └────────────────┘
  │                          │
  │  ┌── DEXRouter ────────┐  │
  │  │  addLiquidity()     │  │
  │  │  swapExact()        │  │
  │  │  getAmountsOut()    │  │
  │  └────────────────────┘  │
  │                          │
  │  ┌── LimitOrderVault ──┐  │
  │  │  createOrder()      │  │
  │  │  fillOrder()        │  │
  │  │  cancelOrder()      │  │
  │  └────────────────────┘  │
  │                          │
  │  ┌── DEXGovernance ────┐  │
  │  │  propose() vote()   │  │
  │  │  execute()          │  │
  │  └────────────────────┘  │
  │                          │
  │  ┌── LiquidityMining ──┐  │
  │  │  deposit() withdraw │  │
  │  │  harvest()          │  │
  │  └────────────────────┘  │
  └──────────────────────────┘

Contract Interaction Flow

User ──→ DEXRouter ──→ DEXPair ──→ ERC20 Tokens
              │              │
              ├── DEXFactory ──┘  (create/query pairs)
              ├── LimitOrderVault (escrow + settlement)
              ├── DEXGovernance   (propose → vote → execute)
              └── LiquidityMining (stake LP → earn rewards)

📂 Project Structure

dex/
├── contracts/                     # Solidity 0.8.24 · Hardhat 2
│   ├── contracts/
│   │   ├── DEXFactory.sol         # Pair factory with feeTo setter
│   │   ├── DEXPair.sol            # AMM core: reserves, swap, LP mint/burn
│   │   ├── DEXRouter.sol          # User-facing: swap, add/remove liquidity
│   │   ├── LimitOrderVault.sol    # Escrow-based limit order settlement
│   │   ├── DEXGovernance.sol      # Token-weighted governance
│   │   ├── LiquidityMining.sol    # Multi-pool LP staking rewards
│   │   ├── libraries/DEXLibrary.sol
│   │   └── interfaces/IWETH.sol
│   ├── test/                      # 106 unit tests (Factory · Pair · Router · Vault · Governance · Mining)
│   └── scripts/                   # Deploy scripts (core + test tokens)
│
├── backend/                       # Go 1.22+ · go-ethereum · GORM
│   ├── cmd/main.go                # Entry: API + event watcher + WS hub
│   ├── internal/
│   │   ├── api/handler.go         # REST + WebSocket endpoints
│   │   ├── blockchain/            # Eth client, ABI, event subscription
│   │   ├── service/service.go     # Business logic + orderbook aggregation
│   │   ├── store/                 # Interface + Memory/PG implementations
│   │   └── ws/hub.go              # WebSocket hub + broadcast
│   ├── migrations/                # Raw SQL (MySQL / PostgreSQL)
│   └── logs/
│
└── frontend/                      # Next.js 16 · React 19 · wagmi 3
    └── src/
        ├── app/                   # Pages: /swap /liquidity /limit-order ...
        ├── components/            # SwapCard · LiquidityCard · OrderBook ...
        └── lib/                   # wagmi config · ABIs · useOrderBook hook

🚀 Quick Start

Prerequisites

Node.js ≥ 18 · Go ≥ 1.22 · MetaMask

1. Launch Local Chain

cd contracts && npm install
npx hardhat node                  # 20 test accounts printed

2. Deploy Contracts

npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.ts --network localhost
# → Copy output addresses to frontend/.env.local

3. Start Backend

cd backend

# In-memory mode (no DB needed)
go run cmd/main.go

# MySQL mode
DB_TYPE=mysql \
DATABASE_URL="root:root@123456@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/dex?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local" \
FACTORY_ADDRESS=0x... \
VAULT_ADDRESS=0x... \
go run cmd/main.go

4. Start Frontend

cd frontend && npm install && npm run dev
# → http://localhost:3000

5. Run Contract Tests

cd contracts && npx hardhat test   # 106 passing

📡 API Reference

Core

Method	Endpoint	Description
`GET`	`/api/pairs`	List all trading pairs
`GET`	`/api/pairs/:address`	Get pair by address
`GET`	`/api/tokens`	List known tokens
`GET`	`/api/tokens/:address`	Get token info
`GET`	`/api/quote?amountIn=...&path=[...]`	Get swap quote
`POST`	`/api/sync`	Sync pairs from chain

Market Data

Method	Endpoint	Description
`GET`	`/api/swaps?pair=...&limit=50`	Recent swap events
`GET`	`/api/klines?pair=...&from=...&to=...`	OHLCV candlestick data

Limit Orders

Method	Endpoint	Description
`GET`	`/api/orders?status=open`	List orders by status
`POST`	`/api/orders`	Create order
`DELETE`	`/api/orders/:id`	Cancel order
`GET`	`/api/orderbook?tokenIn=...&tokenOut=...`	Aggregated bid/ask depth

Real-time

Method	Endpoint	Description
`GET`	`/api/ws`	WebSocket — orderbook depth updates

Governance

Method	Endpoint	Description
`GET`	`/api/proposals?status=active`	List proposals
`POST`	`/api/proposals`	Create proposal
`POST`	`/api/proposals/:id/vote`	Cast vote

🧠 Design Decisions

Smart Contracts

Decision	Rationale
`MINIMUM_LIQUIDITY` minted to `address(self)`	OpenZeppelin v5 ERC20 rejects `address(0)` mint; mirrors production Uniswap V2 behavior
0.3% swap fee hardcoded	Simplifies audit surface; fee-on/fee-off controlled by Factory `feeTo`
`ReentrancyGuard` on Vault & Mining	All external calls (transfer, transferFrom) guarded against reentrancy
No proxy/upgrade pattern	Immutable deployments reduce attack surface; upgrade via governance if needed

Backend

Decision	Rationale
Raw SQL migrations	Zero schema drift; every DDL change is explicit, reviewed, versioned
No foreign keys	Blockchain event ingestion is high-write; FK checks become bottlenecks at scale
BigInt as decimal strings	`uint256` values exceed `int64`; stored as `VARCHAR(128)` with `big.Rat` arithmetic
WebSocket hub with broadcast	Orderbook depth changes pushed to all clients; avoids thundering-herd polling
Interface-driven store layer	`Store` interface enables memory/PG/MySQL swap without touching business logic

Frontend

Decision	Rationale
wagmi v3 + viem v2	Type-safe contract calls; `as const` ABI inference for compile-time arg checking
WebSocket + polling fallback	Live updates when connected; 5s HTTP poll when WS unavailable
No floating-point arithmetic	All amounts handled as strings; `parseUnits`/`formatUnits` for display only
`tsconfig` target ES2020	Required for `BigInt` literal support in TypeScript

🗄 Database Schema

Six tables, zero foreign keys, UTF-8 throughout:

pairs                 tokens               swap_events
├── id (PK)           ├── id (PK)          ├── id (PK)
├── address (UQ)      ├── address (UQ)     ├── pair (IDX)
├── token0            ├── name             ├── sender
├── token1            ├── symbol           ├── amount0_in / amount1_in
├── reserve0          ├── decimals         ├── amount0_out / amount1_out
└── reserve1          └── created_at       ├── to_addr
                                            ├── block_num (IDX)
klines                ├── id (PK)          ├── tx_hash
├── id (PK)           ├── maker            └── created_at
├── pair (IDX)        ├── token_in
├── open_time (IDX)   ├── token_out        governance_proposals
├── open/high/low/cls ├── amount_in/out    ├── id (PK)
├── volume            ├── status (IDX)     ├── proposer
└── created_at        ├── deadline         ├── title / description
                      ├── filled_tx        ├── status (IDX)
limit_orders          └── created_at       ├── for_votes / against_votes
├── id (PK)                                ├── start_time / end_time
├── maker                                  ├── executed_tx
├── token_in / token_out                   └── created_at / updated_at
├── amount_in / amount_out
├── status (IDX)
├── deadline
├── filled_tx
└── created_at / updated_at

All numeric amounts stored as VARCHAR(128) decimal strings. DEFAULT values on every column — no NULLs.

⚙️ Configuration

Backend Environment Variables

Variable	Default	Description
`RPC_URL`	`http://127.0.0.1:8545`	Ethereum JSON-RPC endpoint
`LISTEN_ADDR`	`:8080`	API server bind address
`FACTORY_ADDRESS`	—	Enables on-chain event listening
`VAULT_ADDRESS`	—	Enables limit order event sync
`DATABASE_URL`	—	DB connection string (empty = in-memory)
`DB_TYPE`	`auto`	`auto` / `mysql` / `postgres`

Frontend Environment Variables

Variable	Required	Description
`NEXT_PUBLIC_FACTORY_ADDRESS`	Yes	DEXFactory contract
`NEXT_PUBLIC_ROUTER_ADDRESS`	Yes	DEXRouter contract
`NEXT_PUBLIC_WETH_ADDRESS`	Yes	WETH contract
`NEXT_PUBLIC_LIMIT_ORDER_ADDRESS`	No	LimitOrderVault contract
`NEXT_PUBLIC_GOVERNANCE_ADDRESS`	No	DEXGovernance contract
`NEXT_PUBLIC_FARM_ADDRESS`	No	LiquidityMining contract
`NEXT_PUBLIC_WS_URL`	No	WebSocket URL (default `ws://localhost:8080/api/ws`)
`NEXT_PUBLIC_API_URL`	No	REST API URL (default `http://localhost:8080`)

🛠 Tech Stack

Layer	Technology
Smart Contracts	Solidity 0.8.24, Hardhat 2, OpenZeppelin 5
Backend	Go 1.22+, go-ethereum, GORM, gorilla/websocket
Database	MySQL 8 / PostgreSQL / In-memory
Frontend	Next.js 16, React 19, wagmi 3, viem 2, RainbowKit 2, Tailwind CSS 4
Wallet	MetaMask / WalletConnect (via RainbowKit)

🗺 Roadmap

Cross-chain swaps (LayerZero / Axelar)
Contract security audit (Slither + manual review)
Concentrated liquidity (Uniswap V3-style tick system)
TWAP oracle integration
Mobile-responsive optimization
Dark/light theme toggle

📄 License

MIT

Built with obsessive attention to engineering detail.

If you're building something in DeFi infrastructure, exchange systems, or blockchain tooling — I'd love to talk.

📧 wolfbian017@gmail.com

🏦 DEX 去中心化交易所

从零构建的生产级去中心化交易所

全栈 AMM DEX：恒定乘积做市、链上结算限价订单簿、治理投票、流动性挖矿、WebSocket 实时深度图。

English · 中文

项目定位

这不是一个教程级 DEX。这是一个完整的、垂直整合的 DeFi 协议，旨在展示从 EVM 智能合约到实时 WebSocket 基础设施再到现代 React 前端的全栈生产级工程能力。

生产环境中真正重要的工程决策：

兼容 OZ v5 的 MINIMUM_LIQUIDITY — OpenZeppelin v5 禁止 address(0) 铸造；MINIMUM_LIQUIDITY 铸造给交易对合约自身，与线上 Uniswap V2 行为一致
确定性交易对地址 — 创建时按地址排序代币，保证每对代币仅有唯一规范交易对地址，防止重复资金池
恒定乘积不变量强制校验 — 每次 swap、mint、burn 均断言 √(reserve0 × reserve1) 不减，使资金池在链上可自审计
原子化限价单结算 — LimitOrderVault 预先托管 tokenIn；fillOrder 通过 DEXLibrary.getAmountsOut 验证 AMM 价格后释放资金，确保挂单方不低于最低成交价
所有状态变更金库使用 ReentrancyGuard — Vault 和 Mining 合约中的外部代币转账（transfer、transferFrom）均受防护；不可能出现检查-生效-交互漏洞
显式版本化 SQL 迁移 — 完全可审计、幂等、生产级，杜绝 ORM Schema 漂移风险
零外键数据层 — 引用完整性由应用层保证；消除高吞吐链上事件写入下的跨表锁争用，简化水平扩展
WebSocket 订单簿 — 不是 REST 轮询 UI；实时买卖盘深度，链上事件驱动更新
BigInt 安全管线 — 所有代币金额以十进制字符串 + big.Rat 算术存储；从合约到数据库到前端全链路零浮点

✨ 功能一览

分类	功能	详情
核心 AMM	代币兑换	ERC20 ↔ ERC20，0.3% 手续费，恒定乘积 `x·y=k`
	ETH 包装	原生 ETH ↔ ERC20，通过 WETH 网关
	多跳路由	A→B→C 中间路径优化
	滑点保护	可配置最小输出 + 交易截止时间
流动性	添加/移除	存入配对代币获得 LP 份额；销毁份额提取代币
	LP 代币	符合 ERC20 标准的流动性提供者代币
限价单	链下订单簿	REST API + WebSocket 实时深度聚合
	链上结算	`LimitOrderVault` 托管代币，原子化成交
	事件同步	后端监听链上 `OrderCreated/Filled/Cancelled` 事件
治理	提案	创建 → 投票 → 执行，代币加权投票
流动性挖矿	多池质押	质押 LP 代币，按池权重分配奖励
实时数据	WebSocket 推送	订单簿深度变更广播至所有连接客户端
	K 线 / OHLCV	通过 REST API 获取历史 K 线数据
	链上事件监听	Factory `PairCreated`、Pair `Swap/Mint/Burn/Sync` 实时索引
基础设施	多数据库	MySQL 8 / PostgreSQL / 内存，运行时切换
	原生 SQL 迁移	无 ORM Schema 漂移 — 显式、版本化的 DDL 脚本
	结构化日志	双输出至 stdout + `logs/backend.log`

🏗 系统架构

                              ┌─────────────────────────┐
                              │         前端            │
                              │  Next.js 16 + React 19  │
                              │  wagmi 3 · RainbowKit   │
                              │  WebSocket · REST       │
                              └──────────┬──────────────┘
                                   │     │
                              HTTP │     │ WS
                                   ▼     ▼
                              ┌─────────────────────────┐
                              │      Go 后端            │
                              │  REST API · WebSocket   │
                              │  事件索引器             │
                              │  业务逻辑层             │
                              └──────┬─────┬────────────┘
                                     │     │
                              RPC    │     │ SQL
                                     ▼     ▼
  ┌──────────────────────────┐  ┌────────────────┐
  │      EVM 区块链          │  │  MySQL / PG    │
  │                          │  │                │
  │  ┌── DEXFactory ──────┐  │  │  pairs         │
  │  │  createPair()      │  │  │  tokens        │
  │  └────────┬───────────┘  │  │  swap_events   │
  │           │              │  │  klines        │
  │  ┌── DEXPair ─────────┐  │  │  limit_orders  │
  │  │  swap() mint()     │  │  │  governance_   │
  │  │  burn() sync()     │  │  │    proposals   │
  │  └────────────────────┘  │  └────────────────┘
  │                          │
  │  ┌── DEXRouter ────────┐  │
  │  │  addLiquidity()     │  │
  │  │  swapExact()        │  │
  │  │  getAmountsOut()    │  │
  │  └────────────────────┘  │
  │                          │
  │  ┌── LimitOrderVault ──┐  │
  │  │  createOrder()      │  │
  │  │  fillOrder()        │  │
  │  │  cancelOrder()      │  │
  │  └────────────────────┘  │
  │                          │
  │  ┌── DEXGovernance ────┐  │
  │  │  propose() vote()   │  │
  │  │  execute()          │  │
  │  └────────────────────┘  │
  │                          │
  │  ┌── LiquidityMining ──┐  │
  │  │  deposit() withdraw │  │
  │  │  harvest()          │  │
  │  └────────────────────┘  │
  └──────────────────────────┘

合约交互流程

用户 ──→ DEXRouter ──→ DEXPair ──→ ERC20 代币
              │              │
              ├── DEXFactory ──┘  (创建/查询交易对)
              ├── LimitOrderVault (托管 + 结算)
              ├── DEXGovernance   (提案 → 投票 → 执行)
              └── LiquidityMining (质押 LP → 赚取奖励)

📂 项目结构

dex/
├── contracts/                     # Solidity 0.8.24 · Hardhat 2
│   ├── contracts/
│   │   ├── DEXFactory.sol         # 交易对工厂，feeTo 设置
│   │   ├── DEXPair.sol            # AMM 核心：储备量、兑换、LP 铸造/销毁
│   │   ├── DEXRouter.sol          # 用户入口：兑换、添加/移除流动性
│   │   ├── LimitOrderVault.sol    # 托管式限价单结算
│   │   ├── DEXGovernance.sol      # 代币加权治理
│   │   ├── LiquidityMining.sol    # 多池 LP 质押奖励
│   │   ├── libraries/DEXLibrary.sol
│   │   └── interfaces/IWETH.sol
│   ├── test/                      # 106 个单元测试（Factory · Pair · Router · Vault · Governance · Mining）
│   └── scripts/                   # 部署脚本（核心 + 测试代币）
│
├── backend/                       # Go 1.22+ · go-ethereum · GORM
│   ├── cmd/main.go                # 入口：API + 事件监听 + WS Hub
│   ├── internal/
│   │   ├── api/handler.go         # REST + WebSocket 端点
│   │   ├── blockchain/            # 以太坊客户端、ABI、事件订阅
│   │   ├── service/service.go     # 业务逻辑 + 订单簿聚合
│   │   ├── store/                 # 接口 + 内存/PG 实现
│   │   └── ws/hub.go              # WebSocket Hub + 广播
│   ├── migrations/                # 原生 SQL（MySQL / PostgreSQL）
│   └── logs/
│
└── frontend/                      # Next.js 16 · React 19 · wagmi 3
    └── src/
        ├── app/                   # 页面：/swap /liquidity /limit-order ...
        ├── components/            # SwapCard · LiquidityCard · OrderBook ...
        └── lib/                   # wagmi 配置 · ABI · useOrderBook hook

🚀 快速开始

前置条件

Node.js ≥ 18 · Go ≥ 1.22 · MetaMask

1. 启动本地区块链

cd contracts && npm install
npx hardhat node                  # 输出 20 个测试账户

2. 部署合约

npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.ts --network localhost
# → 将输出的地址填入 frontend/.env.local

3. 启动后端

cd backend

# 内存模式（无需数据库）
go run cmd/main.go

# MySQL 模式
DB_TYPE=mysql \
DATABASE_URL="root:root@123456@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/dex?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local" \
FACTORY_ADDRESS=0x... \
VAULT_ADDRESS=0x... \
go run cmd/main.go

4. 启动前端

cd frontend && npm install && npm run dev
# → http://localhost:3000

5. 运行合约测试

cd contracts && npx hardhat test   # 106 passing

📡 API 参考

核心

方法	端点	说明
`GET`	`/api/pairs`	列出所有交易对
`GET`	`/api/pairs/:address`	按地址查询交易对
`GET`	`/api/tokens`	列出已知代币
`GET`	`/api/tokens/:address`	查询代币信息
`GET`	`/api/quote?amountIn=...&path=[...]`	获取兑换报价
`POST`	`/api/sync`	从链上同步交易对

行情数据

方法	端点	说明
`GET`	`/api/swaps?pair=...&limit=50`	最近兑换事件
`GET`	`/api/klines?pair=...&from=...&to=...`	OHLCV K 线数据

限价单

方法	端点	说明
`GET`	`/api/orders?status=open`	按状态列出订单
`POST`	`/api/orders`	创建订单
`DELETE`	`/api/orders/:id`	取消订单
`GET`	`/api/orderbook?tokenIn=...&tokenOut=...`	聚合买卖盘深度

实时推送

方法	端点	说明
`GET`	`/api/ws`	WebSocket — 订单簿深度更新

治理

方法	端点	说明
`GET`	`/api/proposals?status=active`	列出提案
`POST`	`/api/proposals`	创建提案
`POST`	`/api/proposals/:id/vote`	投票

🧠 设计决策

智能合约

决策	原因
`MINIMUM_LIQUIDITY` 铸造给 `address(self)`	OpenZeppelin v5 ERC20 拒绝 `address(0)` 铸造；与线上 Uniswap V2 行为一致
0.3% 手续费硬编码	减少审计面；手续开关由 Factory `feeTo` 控制
Vault 和 Mining 合约使用 `ReentrancyGuard`	所有外部调用（transfer、transferFrom）均防护重入攻击
不使用代理/可升级模式	不可变部署减少攻击面；需升级时通过治理执行

后端

决策	原因
原生 SQL 迁移	零 Schema 漂移；每个 DDL 变更显式、可审查、版本化
禁止外键	区块链事件写入是高并发路径；FK 检查在大规模下成为瓶颈
BigInt 以十进制字符串存储	`uint256` 超出 `int64` 范围；使用 `VARCHAR(128)` + `big.Rat` 算术
WebSocket Hub 广播	订单簿深度变更推送至所有客户端；避免惊群效应轮询
接口驱动存储层	`Store` 接口支持内存/PG/MySQL 切换，无需改动业务逻辑

前端

决策	原因
wagmi v3 + viem v2	类型安全的合约调用；`as const` ABI 推断实现编译时参数检查
WebSocket + 轮询兜底	连接时实时更新；WS 不可用时 5 秒 HTTP 轮询
禁止浮点运算	所有金额以字符串处理；`parseUnits`/`formatUnits` 仅用于显示
`tsconfig` target ES2020	TypeScript 中 `BigInt` 字面量所需

🗄 数据库设计

六张表，零外键，全 UTF-8：

pairs                 tokens               swap_events
├── id (PK)           ├── id (PK)          ├── id (PK)
├── address (UQ)      ├── address (UQ)     ├── pair (IDX)
├── token0            ├── name             ├── sender
├── token1            ├── symbol           ├── amount0_in / amount1_in
├── reserve0          ├── decimals         ├── amount0_out / amount1_out
└── reserve1          └── created_at       ├── to_addr
                                            ├── block_num (IDX)
klines                ├── id (PK)          ├── tx_hash
├── id (PK)           ├── maker            └── created_at
├── pair (IDX)        ├── token_in
├── open_time (IDX)   ├── token_out        governance_proposals
├── open/high/low/cls ├── amount_in/out    ├── id (PK)
├── volume            ├── status (IDX)     ├── proposer
└── created_at        ├── deadline         ├── title / description
                      ├── filled_tx        ├── status (IDX)
limit_orders          └── created_at       ├── for_votes / against_votes
├── id (PK)                                ├── start_time / end_time
├── maker                                  ├── executed_tx
├── token_in / token_out                   └── created_at / updated_at
├── amount_in / amount_out
├── status (IDX)
├── deadline
├── filled_tx
└── created_at / updated_at

所有数值型金额以 VARCHAR(128) 十进制字符串存储。所有字段设置 DEFAULT — 无 NULL。

⚙️ 配置

后端环境变量

变量	默认值	说明
`RPC_URL`	`http://127.0.0.1:8545`	以太坊 JSON-RPC 端点
`LISTEN_ADDR`	`:8080`	API 服务器绑定地址
`FACTORY_ADDRESS`	—	启用链上事件监听
`VAULT_ADDRESS`	—	启用限价单事件同步
`DATABASE_URL`	—	数据库连接串（空则使用内存存储）
`DB_TYPE`	`auto`	`auto` / `mysql` / `postgres`

前端环境变量

变量	必填	说明
`NEXT_PUBLIC_FACTORY_ADDRESS`	是	DEXFactory 合约
`NEXT_PUBLIC_ROUTER_ADDRESS`	是	DEXRouter 合约
`NEXT_PUBLIC_WETH_ADDRESS`	是	WETH 合约
`NEXT_PUBLIC_LIMIT_ORDER_ADDRESS`	否	LimitOrderVault 合约
`NEXT_PUBLIC_GOVERNANCE_ADDRESS`	否	DEXGovernance 合约
`NEXT_PUBLIC_FARM_ADDRESS`	否	LiquidityMining 合约
`NEXT_PUBLIC_WS_URL`	否	WebSocket 地址（默认 `ws://localhost:8080/api/ws`）
`NEXT_PUBLIC_API_URL`	否	REST API 地址（默认 `http://localhost:8080`）

🛠 技术栈

层	技术
智能合约	Solidity 0.8.24, Hardhat 2, OpenZeppelin 5
后端	Go 1.22+, go-ethereum, GORM, gorilla/websocket
数据库	MySQL 8 / PostgreSQL / 内存存储
前端	Next.js 16, React 19, wagmi 3, viem 2, RainbowKit 2, Tailwind CSS 4
钱包	MetaMask / WalletConnect（通过 RainbowKit）

🗺 路线图

跨链交易（LayerZero / Axelar）
合约安全审计（Slither + 人工审查）
集中流动性（Uniswap V3 风格 tick 系统）
TWAP 预言机集成
移动端适配优化
深色/浅色主题切换

📄 许可证

MIT

以对工程细节的极致追求构建。

如果你在做 DeFi 基础设施、交易所系统或区块链工具——期待与你交流。

📧 wolfbian017@gmail.com

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backend	backend
contracts	contracts
frontend	frontend
.gitignore	.gitignore
CHANGELOG.md	CHANGELOG.md
README.md	README.md

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🏦 DEX Protocol

Why This Project

✨ Features

🏗 System Architecture

Contract Interaction Flow

📂 Project Structure

🚀 Quick Start

Prerequisites

1. Launch Local Chain

2. Deploy Contracts

3. Start Backend

4. Start Frontend

5. Run Contract Tests

📡 API Reference

Core

Market Data

Limit Orders

Real-time

Governance

🧠 Design Decisions

Smart Contracts

Backend

Frontend

🗄 Database Schema

⚙️ Configuration

Backend Environment Variables

Frontend Environment Variables

🛠 Tech Stack

🗺 Roadmap

📄 License

🏦 DEX 去中心化交易所

项目定位

✨ 功能一览

🏗 系统架构

合约交互流程

📂 项目结构

🚀 快速开始

前置条件

1. 启动本地区块链

2. 部署合约

3. 启动后端

4. 启动前端

5. 运行合约测试

📡 API 参考

核心

行情数据

限价单

实时推送

治理

🧠 设计决策

智能合约

后端

前端

🗄 数据库设计

⚙️ 配置

后端环境变量

前端环境变量

🛠 技术栈

🗺 路线图

📄 许可证

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