scikit-learn · Namit24 · May 27, 2025 · May 27, 2025 · May 27, 2025 · May 27, 2025
diff --git a/benchmarks/bench_tsne_mnist.py b/benchmarks/bench_tsne_mnist.py
@@ -15,14 +15,14 @@

 import numpy as np
 from joblib import Memory
+from sklearn.utils._openmp_helpers import _openmp_effective_n_threads

 from sklearn.datasets import fetch_openml
 from sklearn.decomposition import PCA
 from sklearn.manifold import TSNE
 from sklearn.neighbors import NearestNeighbors
 from sklearn.utils import check_array
 from sklearn.utils import shuffle as _shuffle
-from sklearn.utils._openmp_helpers import _openmp_effective_n_threads

 LOG_DIR = "mnist_tsne_output"
 if not os.path.exists(LOG_DIR):

diff --git a/doc/whats_new/upcoming_changes/sklearn.datasets/30196.enhancement.rst b/doc/whats_new/upcoming_changes/sklearn.datasets/30196.enhancement.rst
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 - New parameter ``return_X_y`` added to :func:`datasets.make_classification`. The
  default value of the parameter does not change how the function behaves.
  By :user:`Success Moses <SuccessMoses>` and :user:`Adam Cooper <arc12>`
+
diff --git a/doc/whats_new/upcoming_changes/sklearn.datasets/31267.rst b/doc/whats_new/upcoming_changes/sklearn.datasets/31267.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+- Updated 'get_data_home' to use OS-specific cache directories instead of home dir by
+PR: 31267
+By :user:Namit24
diff --git a/sklearn/datasets/_base.py b/sklearn/datasets/_base.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 import gzip
 import hashlib
 import os
+import platform
 import re
 import shutil
 import time
@@ -17,8 +18,8 @@
 from collections import namedtuple
 from importlib import resources
 from numbers import Integral
-from os import environ, listdir, makedirs
-from os.path import expanduser, isdir, join, splitext
+from os import listdir, makedirs
+from os.path import isdir, join, splitext
 from pathlib import Path
 from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
 from urllib.error import URLError
@@ -45,44 +46,39 @@
    },
    prefer_skip_nested_validation=True,
 )
-def get_data_home(data_home=None) -> str:
-    """Return the path of the scikit-learn data directory.
+def get_data_home(data_home=None):
+    """Return the path to scikit-learn data home cache folder.

-    This folder is used by some large dataset loaders to avoid downloading the
-    data several times.
+    By default, it uses OS-appropriate cache directories:
+    - Linux: $XDG_CACHE_HOME/scikit_learn_data or ~/.cache/scikit_learn_data
+    - macOS: ~/Library/Caches/scikit_learn_data
+    - Windows: %LOCALAPPDATA%/scikit_learn_data
+    """
+    if data_home is None:
+        # Determine the base cache directory based on the operating system
+        system = platform.system()
+        if system == "Linux":
+            base_dir = os.environ.get("XDG_CACHE_HOME", os.path.expanduser("~/.cache"))
+        elif system == "Darwin":  # macOS
+            base_dir = os.path.expanduser("~/Library/Caches")
+        elif system == "Windows":
+            base_dir = os.environ.get(
+                "LOCALAPPDATA", os.path.expanduser("~/AppData/Local")
+            )
+        else:
+            # Fallback for other operating systems
+            base_dir = os.path.expanduser("~/.cache")

-    By default the data directory is set to a folder named 'scikit_learn_data' in the
-    user home folder.
+        data_home = os.path.join(base_dir, "scikit_learn_data")

-    Alternatively, it can be set by the 'SCIKIT_LEARN_DATA' environment
-    variable or programmatically by giving an explicit folder path. The '~'
-    symbol is expanded to the user home folder.
+        # Override with environment variable if set
+        data_home = os.environ.get("SCIKIT_LEARN_DATA", data_home)

-    If the folder does not already exist, it is automatically created.
+    # Expand user path (handles ~ and environment variables)
+    data_home = os.path.expanduser(data_home)

-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    data_home : str or path-like, default=None
-        The path to scikit-learn data directory. If `None`, the default path
-        is `~/scikit_learn_data`.
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    data_home: str
-        The path to scikit-learn data directory.
-
-    Examples
-    --------
-    >>> import os
-    >>> from sklearn.datasets import get_data_home
-    >>> data_home_path = get_data_home()
-    >>> os.path.exists(data_home_path)
-    True
-    """
-    if data_home is None:
-        data_home = environ.get("SCIKIT_LEARN_DATA", join("~", "scikit_learn_data"))
-    data_home = expanduser(data_home)
-    makedirs(data_home, exist_ok=True)
+    # Create the directory if it doesn't exist
+    os.makedirs(data_home, exist_ok=True)
    return data_home



diff --git a/sklearn/tests/test_base.py b/sklearn/tests/test_base.py
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 # Authors: The scikit-learn developers
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause

+import os
 import pickle
 import re
 import warnings
+from pathlib import Path

 import numpy as np
 import pytest
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@
    is_regressor,
 )
 from sklearn.cluster import KMeans
+from sklearn.datasets import get_data_home
 from sklearn.decomposition import PCA
 from sklearn.ensemble import IsolationForest
 from sklearn.exceptions import InconsistentVersionWarning
@@ -1000,3 +1003,30 @@ def test_get_params_html():

    assert est._get_params_html() == {"l1": 0, "empty": "test"}
    assert est._get_params_html().non_default == ("empty",)
+
+
+def test_get_data_home_platforms(monkeypatch, tmp_path):
+    """Test platform-specific cache directories."""
+
+    # Test Linux with XDG_CACHE_HOME
+    monkeypatch.setattr("platform.system", lambda: "Linux")
+    monkeypatch.setenv("XDG_CACHE_HOME", "/tmp/xdg_cache")
+    expected = Path("/tmp/xdg_cache/scikit_learn_data")
+    assert Path(get_data_home()) == expected
+
+    # Test Linux without XDG_CACHE_HOME
+    monkeypatch.delenv("XDG_CACHE_HOME", raising=False)
+    expected = Path(os.path.expanduser("~/.cache/scikit_learn_data"))
+    assert Path(get_data_home()) == expected
+
+    # Test macOS
+    monkeypatch.setattr("platform.system", lambda: "Darwin")
+    expected = Path(os.path.expanduser("~/Library/Caches/scikit_learn_data"))
+    assert Path(get_data_home()) == expected
+
+    # Test Windows
+    monkeypatch.setattr("platform.system", lambda: "Windows")
+    monkeypatch.setenv("LOCALAPPDATA", str(tmp_path))
+    expected = tmp_path / "scikit_learn_data"
+    result = Path(get_data_home())
+    assert result == expected