python
diff --git a/‎Doc/c-api/init.rst
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diff --git a/‎Doc/c-api/init_config.rst
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diff --git a/‎Doc/whatsnew/3.14.rst
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 Initialization, Finalization, and Threads
 *****************************************
 
-See also :ref:`Python Initialization Configuration <init-config>`.
+See also the :ref:`Python Initialization Configuration <init-config>`.
 
 .. _pre-init-safe:
 
 
@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@
 Python Initialization Configuration
 ***********************************
 
+PyConfig C API
+==============
+
 .. versionadded:: 3.8
 
 Python can be initialized with :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` and the
@@ -34,7 +37,7 @@ See also :ref:`Initialization, Finalization, and Threads <initialization>`.
 
 
 Example
-=======
+-------
 
 Example of customized Python always running in isolated mode::
 
@@ -73,7 +76,7 @@ Example of customized Python always running in isolated mode::
 
 
 PyWideStringList
-================
+----------------
 
 .. c:type:: PyWideStringList
 
@@ -116,7 +119,7 @@ PyWideStringList
       List items.
 
 PyStatus
-========
+--------
 
 .. c:type:: PyStatus
 
@@ -210,7 +213,7 @@ Example::
 
 
 PyPreConfig
-===========
+-----------
 
 .. c:type:: PyPreConfig
 
@@ -360,7 +363,7 @@ PyPreConfig
 .. _c-preinit:
 
 Preinitialize Python with PyPreConfig
-=====================================
+-------------------------------------
 
 The preinitialization of Python:
 
@@ -440,7 +443,7 @@ the :ref:`Python UTF-8 Mode <utf8-mode>`::
 
 
 PyConfig
-========
+--------
 
 .. c:type:: PyConfig
 
@@ -1349,7 +1352,7 @@ the :option:`-X` command line option.
 
 
 Initialization with PyConfig
-============================
+----------------------------
 
 Function to initialize Python:
 
@@ -1461,7 +1464,7 @@ initialization::
 .. _init-isolated-conf:
 
 Isolated Configuration
-======================
+----------------------
 
 :c:func:`PyPreConfig_InitIsolatedConfig` and
 :c:func:`PyConfig_InitIsolatedConfig` functions create a configuration to
@@ -1481,7 +1484,7 @@ to avoid computing the default path configuration.
 .. _init-python-config:
 
 Python Configuration
-====================
+--------------------
 
 :c:func:`PyPreConfig_InitPythonConfig` and :c:func:`PyConfig_InitPythonConfig`
 functions create a configuration to build a customized Python which behaves as
@@ -1499,7 +1502,7 @@ and :ref:`Python UTF-8 Mode <utf8-mode>`
 .. _init-path-config:
 
 Python Path Configuration
-=========================
+-------------------------
 
 :c:type:`PyConfig` contains multiple fields for the path configuration:
 
@@ -1585,6 +1588,228 @@ The ``__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__`` environment variable is used to set
 :c:member:`PyConfig.base_executable`.
 
 
+PyInitConfig C API
+==================
+
+C API to configure the Python initialization (:pep:`741`).
+
+.. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+Create Config
+-------------
+
+.. c:struct:: PyInitConfig
+
+   Opaque structure to configure the Python initialization.
+
+
+.. c:function:: PyInitConfig* PyInitConfig_Create(void)
+
+   Create a new initialization configuration using :ref:`Isolated Configuration
+   <init-isolated-conf>` default values.
+
+   It must be freed by :c:func:`PyInitConfig_Free`.
+
+   Return ``NULL`` on memory allocation failure.
+
+
+.. c:function:: void PyInitConfig_Free(PyInitConfig *config)
+
+   Free memory of the initialization configuration *config*.
+
+
+Error Handling
+--------------
+
+.. c:function:: int PyInitConfig_GetError(PyInitConfig* config, const char **err_msg)
+
+   Get the *config* error message.
+
+   * Set *\*err_msg* and return ``1`` if an error is set.
+   * Set *\*err_msg* to ``NULL`` and return ``0`` otherwise.
+
+   An error message is an UTF-8 encoded string.
+
+   If *config* has an exit code, format the exit code as an error
+   message.
+
+   The error message remains valid until another ``PyInitConfig``
+   function is called with *config*. The caller doesn't have to free the
+   error message.
+
+
+.. c:function:: int PyInitConfig_GetExitCode(PyInitConfig* config, int *exitcode)
+
+   Get the *config* exit code.
+
+   * Set *\*exitcode* and return ``1`` if *config* has an exit code set.
+   * Return ``0`` if *config* has no exit code set.
+
+   Only the ``Py_InitializeFromInitConfig()`` function can set an exit
+   code if the ``parse_argv`` option is non-zero.
+
+   An exit code can be set when parsing the command line failed (exit
+   code ``2``) or when a command line option asks to display the command
+   line help (exit code ``0``).
+
+
+Get Options
+-----------
+
+The configuration option *name* parameter must be a non-NULL
+null-terminated UTF-8 encoded string.
+
+.. c:function:: int PyInitConfig_HasOption(PyInitConfig *config, const char *name)
+
+   Test if the configuration has an option called *name*.
+
+   Return ``1`` if the option exists, or return ``0`` otherwise.
+
+
+.. c:function:: int PyInitConfig_GetInt(PyInitConfig *config, const char *name, int64_t *value)
+
+   Get an integer configuration option.
+
+   * Set *\*value*, and return ``0`` on success.
+   * Set an error in *config* and return ``-1`` on error.
+
+
+.. c:function:: int PyInitConfig_GetStr(PyInitConfig *config, const char *name, char **value)
+
+   Get a string configuration option as a null-terminated UTF-8
+   encoded string.
+
+   * Set *\*value*, and return ``0`` on success.
+   * Set an error in *config* and return ``-1`` on error.
+
+   *\*value* can be set to ``NULL`` if the option is an optional string and the
+   option is unset.
+
+   On success, the string must be released with ``free(value)`` if it's not
+   ``NULL``.
+
+
+.. c:function:: int PyInitConfig_GetStrList(PyInitConfig *config, const char *name, size_t *length, char ***items)
+
+   Get a string list configuration option as an array of
+   null-terminated UTF-8 encoded strings.
+
+   * Set *\*length* and *\*value*, and return ``0`` on success.
+   * Set an error in *config* and return ``-1`` on error.
+
+   On success, the string list must be released with
+   ``PyInitConfig_FreeStrList(length, items)``.
+
+
+.. c:function:: void PyInitConfig_FreeStrList(size_t length, char **items)
+
+   Free memory of a string list created by
+   ``PyInitConfig_GetStrList()``.
+
+
+Set Options
+-----------
+
+The configuration option *name* parameter must be a non-NULL null-terminated
+UTF-8 encoded string.
+
+Some configuration options have side effects on other options. This logic is
+only implemented when ``Py_InitializeFromInitConfig()`` is called, not by the
+"Set" functions below. For example, setting ``dev_mode`` to ``1`` does not set
+``faulthandler`` to ``1``.
+
+.. c:function:: int PyInitConfig_SetInt(PyInitConfig *config, const char *name, int64_t value)
+
+   Set an integer configuration option.
+
+   * Return ``0`` on success.
+   * Set an error in *config* and return ``-1`` on error.
+
+
+.. c:function:: int PyInitConfig_SetStr(PyInitConfig *config, const char *name, const char *value)
+
+   Set a string configuration option from a null-terminated UTF-8
+   encoded string. The string is copied.
+
+   * Return ``0`` on success.
+   * Set an error in *config* and return ``-1`` on error.
+
+
+.. c:function:: int PyInitConfig_SetStrList(PyInitConfig *config, const char *name, size_t length, char * const *items)
+
+   Set a string list configuration option from an array of
+   null-terminated UTF-8 encoded strings. The string list is copied.
+
+   * Return ``0`` on success.
+   * Set an error in *config* and return ``-1`` on error.
+
+
+Initialize Python
+-----------------
+
+.. c:function:: int Py_InitializeFromInitConfig(PyInitConfig *config)
+
+   Initialize Python from the initialization configuration.
+
+   * Return ``0`` on success.
+   * Set an error in *config* and return ``-1`` on error.
+   * Set an exit code in *config* and return ``-1`` if Python wants to
+     exit.
+
+   See ``PyInitConfig_GetExitcode()`` for the exit code case.
+
+
+Example
+-------
+
+Example initializing Python, set configuration options of various types,
+return ``-1`` on error:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+    int init_python(void)
+    {
+        PyInitConfig *config = PyInitConfig_Create();
+        if (config == NULL) {
+            printf("PYTHON INIT ERROR: memory allocation failed\n");
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        // Set an integer (dev mode)
+        if (PyInitConfig_SetInt(config, "dev_mode", 1) < 0) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        // Set a list of UTF-8 strings (argv)
+        char *argv[] = {"my_program", "-c", "pass"};
+        if (PyInitConfig_SetStrList(config, "argv",
+                                     Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(argv), argv) < 0) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        // Set a UTF-8 string (program name)
+        if (PyInitConfig_SetStr(config, "program_name", L"my_program") < 0) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        // Initialize Python with the configuration
+        if (Py_InitializeFromInitConfig(config) < 0) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+        PyInitConfig_Free(config);
+        return 0;
+
+        // Display the error message
+        const char *err_msg;
+    error:
+        (void)PyInitConfig_GetError(config, &err_msg);
+        printf("PYTHON INIT ERROR: %s\n", err_msg);
+        PyInitConfig_Free(config);
+
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+
 Py_RunMain()
 ============
 
 
@@ -500,7 +500,8 @@ New Features
 * Add :c:func:`Py_HashBuffer` to compute and return the hash value of a buffer.
   (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou and Victor Stinner in :gh:`122854`.)
 
-* Add functions to get and set the current runtime Python configuration:
+* Add functions to get and set the current runtime Python configuration
+  (:pep:`741`):
 
   * :c:func:`PyConfig_Get`
   * :c:func:`PyConfig_GetInt`
@@ -509,6 +510,24 @@ New Features
 
   (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`107954`.)
 
+* Add functions to configure the Python initialization (:pep:`741`):
+
+  * :c:func:`PyInitConfig_Create`
+  * :c:func:`PyInitConfig_Free`
+  * :c:func:`PyInitConfig_GetError`
+  * :c:func:`PyInitConfig_GetExitCode`
+  * :c:func:`PyInitConfig_HasOption`
+  * :c:func:`PyInitConfig_GetInt`
+  * :c:func:`PyInitConfig_GetStr`
+  * :c:func:`PyInitConfig_GetStrList`
+  * :c:func:`PyInitConfig_FreeStrList`
+  * :c:func:`PyInitConfig_SetInt`
+  * :c:func:`PyInitConfig_SetStr`
+  * :c:func:`PyInitConfig_SetStrList`
+  * :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromInitConfig`
+
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`107954`.)
+
 
 Porting to Python 3.14
 ----------------------