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Commit b158a76

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ambvencukoubasbloemsaatserhiy-storchaka
authored
[3.8] gh-121650: Encode newlines in headers, and verify headers are sound (GH-122233) (#122611)
Per RFC 2047: > [...] these encoding schemes allow the > encoding of arbitrary octet values, mail readers that implement this > decoding should also ensure that display of the decoded data on the > recipient's terminal will not cause unwanted side-effects It seems that the "quoted-word" scheme is a valid way to include a newline character in a header value, just like we already allow undecodable bytes or control characters. They do need to be properly quoted when serialized to text, though. This should fail for custom fold() implementations that aren't careful about newlines. (cherry picked from commit 0976339) Co-authored-by: Petr Viktorin <encukou@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Bas Bloemsaat <bas@bloemsaat.org> Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>
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‎Doc/library/email.errors.rst

Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: Doc/library/email.errors.rst
+6Lines changed: 6 additions & 0 deletions
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@@ -59,6 +59,12 @@ The following exception classes are defined in the :mod:`email.errors` module:
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:class:`~email.mime.image.MIMEImage`).
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.. exception:: HeaderWriteError()
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Raised when an error occurs when the :mod:`~email.generator` outputs
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headers.
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Here is the list of the defects that the :class:`~email.parser.FeedParser`
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can find while parsing messages. Note that the defects are added to the message
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where the problem was found, so for example, if a message nested inside a

‎Doc/library/email.policy.rst

Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: Doc/library/email.policy.rst
+18Lines changed: 18 additions & 0 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -229,6 +229,24 @@ added matters. To illustrate::
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.. versionadded:: 3.6
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.. attribute:: verify_generated_headers
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If ``True`` (the default), the generator will raise
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:exc:`~email.errors.HeaderWriteError` instead of writing a header
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that is improperly folded or delimited, such that it would
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be parsed as multiple headers or joined with adjacent data.
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Such headers can be generated by custom header classes or bugs
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in the ``email`` module.
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As it's a security feature, this defaults to ``True`` even in the
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:class:`~email.policy.Compat32` policy.
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For backwards compatible, but unsafe, behavior, it must be set to
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``False`` explicitly.
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.. versionadded:: 3.8.20
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The following :class:`Policy` method is intended to be called by code using
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the email library to create policy instances with custom settings:
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‎Doc/whatsnew/3.8.rst

Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: Doc/whatsnew/3.8.rst
+12Lines changed: 12 additions & 0 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -2380,3 +2380,15 @@ ipaddress
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* Fixed ``is_global`` and ``is_private`` behavior in ``IPv4Address``,
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``IPv6Address``, ``IPv4Network`` and ``IPv6Network``.
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email
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-----
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* Headers with embedded newlines are now quoted on output.
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The :mod:`~email.generator` will now refuse to serialize (write) headers
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that are improperly folded or delimited, such that they would be parsed as
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multiple headers or joined with adjacent data.
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If you need to turn this safety feature off,
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set :attr:`~email.policy.Policy.verify_generated_headers`.
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(Contributed by Bas Bloemsaat and Petr Viktorin in :gh:`121650`.)

‎Lib/email/_header_value_parser.py

Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: Lib/email/_header_value_parser.py
+9-3Lines changed: 9 additions & 3 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -92,6 +92,8 @@
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ASPECIALS = TSPECIALS | set("*'%")
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ATTRIBUTE_ENDS = ASPECIALS | WSP
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EXTENDED_ATTRIBUTE_ENDS = ATTRIBUTE_ENDS - set('%')
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NLSET = {'\n', '\r'}
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SPECIALSNL = SPECIALS | NLSET
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def quote_string(value):
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return '"'+str(value).replace('\\', '\\\\').replace('"', r'\"')+'"'
@@ -2778,9 +2780,13 @@ def _refold_parse_tree(parse_tree, *, policy):
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wrap_as_ew_blocked -= 1
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continue
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tstr = str(part)
2781-
if part.token_type == 'ptext' and set(tstr) & SPECIALS:
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# Encode if tstr contains special characters.
2783-
want_encoding = True
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if not want_encoding:
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if part.token_type == 'ptext':
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# Encode if tstr contains special characters.
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want_encoding = not SPECIALSNL.isdisjoint(tstr)
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else:
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# Encode if tstr contains newlines.
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want_encoding = not NLSET.isdisjoint(tstr)
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try:
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tstr.encode(encoding)
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charset = encoding

‎Lib/email/_policybase.py

Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: Lib/email/_policybase.py
+8Lines changed: 8 additions & 0 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -157,6 +157,13 @@ class Policy(_PolicyBase, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
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message_factory -- the class to use to create new message objects.
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If the value is None, the default is Message.
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verify_generated_headers
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-- if true, the generator verifies that each header
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they are properly folded, so that a parser won't
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treat it as multiple headers, start-of-body, or
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part of another header.
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This is a check against custom Header & fold()
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implementations.
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"""
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162169
raise_on_defect = False
@@ -165,6 +172,7 @@ class Policy(_PolicyBase, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
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max_line_length = 78
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mangle_from_ = False
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message_factory = None
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verify_generated_headers = True
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169177
def handle_defect(self, obj, defect):
170178
"""Based on policy, either raise defect or call register_defect.

‎Lib/email/errors.py

Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: Lib/email/errors.py
+4Lines changed: 4 additions & 0 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@ class CharsetError(MessageError):
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"""An illegal charset was given."""
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class HeaderWriteError(MessageError):
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"""Error while writing headers."""
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# These are parsing defects which the parser was able to work around.
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class MessageDefect(ValueError):
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"""Base class for a message defect."""

‎Lib/email/generator.py

Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: Lib/email/generator.py
+15-1Lines changed: 15 additions & 1 deletion
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -14,12 +14,14 @@
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from copy import deepcopy
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from io import StringIO, BytesIO
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from email.utils import _has_surrogates
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from email.errors import HeaderWriteError
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UNDERSCORE = '_'
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NL = '\n' # XXX: no longer used by the code below.
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NLCRE = re.compile(r'\r\n|\r|\n')
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fcre = re.compile(r'^From ', re.MULTILINE)
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NEWLINE_WITHOUT_FWSP = re.compile(r'\r\n[^ \t]|\r[^ \n\t]|\n[^ \t]')
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@@ -223,7 +225,19 @@ def _dispatch(self, msg):
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def _write_headers(self, msg):
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for h, v in msg.raw_items():
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self.write(self.policy.fold(h, v))
228+
folded = self.policy.fold(h, v)
229+
if self.policy.verify_generated_headers:
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linesep = self.policy.linesep
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if not folded.endswith(self.policy.linesep):
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raise HeaderWriteError(
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f'folded header does not end with {linesep!r}: {folded!r}')
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folded_no_linesep = folded
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if folded.endswith(linesep):
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folded_no_linesep = folded[:-len(linesep)]
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if NEWLINE_WITHOUT_FWSP.search(folded_no_linesep):
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raise HeaderWriteError(
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f'folded header contains newline: {folded!r}')
240+
self.write(folded)
227241
# A blank line always separates headers from body
228242
self.write(self._NL)
229243

‎Lib/test/test_email/test_generator.py

Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: Lib/test/test_email/test_generator.py
+62Lines changed: 62 additions & 0 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
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from email.generator import Generator, BytesGenerator
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from email.headerregistry import Address
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from email import policy
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import email.errors
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from test.test_email import TestEmailBase, parameterize
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1112

@@ -216,6 +217,44 @@ def test_rfc2231_wrapping_switches_to_default_len_if_too_narrow(self):
216217
g.flatten(msg)
217218
self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(), self.typ(expected))
218219

220+
def test_keep_encoded_newlines(self):
221+
msg = self.msgmaker(self.typ(textwrap.dedent("""\
222+
To: nobody
223+
Subject: Bad subject=?UTF-8?Q?=0A?=Bcc: injection@example.com
224+
225+
None
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""")))
227+
expected = textwrap.dedent("""\
228+
To: nobody
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Subject: Bad subject=?UTF-8?Q?=0A?=Bcc: injection@example.com
230+
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None
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""")
233+
s = self.ioclass()
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g = self.genclass(s, policy=self.policy.clone(max_line_length=80))
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g.flatten(msg)
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self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(), self.typ(expected))
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def test_keep_long_encoded_newlines(self):
239+
msg = self.msgmaker(self.typ(textwrap.dedent("""\
240+
To: nobody
241+
Subject: Bad subject=?UTF-8?Q?=0A?=Bcc: injection@example.com
242+
243+
None
244+
""")))
245+
expected = textwrap.dedent("""\
246+
To: nobody
247+
Subject: Bad subject
248+
=?utf-8?q?=0A?=Bcc:
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injection@example.com
250+
251+
None
252+
""")
253+
s = self.ioclass()
254+
g = self.genclass(s, policy=self.policy.clone(max_line_length=30))
255+
g.flatten(msg)
256+
self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(), self.typ(expected))
257+
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220259
class TestGenerator(TestGeneratorBase, TestEmailBase):
221260

@@ -224,6 +263,29 @@ class TestGenerator(TestGeneratorBase, TestEmailBase):
224263
ioclass = io.StringIO
225264
typ = str
226265

266+
def test_verify_generated_headers(self):
267+
"""gh-121650: by default the generator prevents header injection"""
268+
class LiteralHeader(str):
269+
name = 'Header'
270+
def fold(self, **kwargs):
271+
return self
272+
273+
for text in (
274+
'Value\r\nBad Injection\r\n',
275+
'NoNewLine'
276+
):
277+
with self.subTest(text=text):
278+
message = message_from_string(
279+
"Header: Value\r\n\r\nBody",
280+
policy=self.policy,
281+
)
282+
283+
del message['Header']
284+
message['Header'] = LiteralHeader(text)
285+
286+
with self.assertRaises(email.errors.HeaderWriteError):
287+
message.as_string()
288+
227289

228290
class TestBytesGenerator(TestGeneratorBase, TestEmailBase):
229291

‎Lib/test/test_email/test_policy.py

Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: Lib/test/test_email/test_policy.py
+26Lines changed: 26 additions & 0 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ class PolicyAPITests(unittest.TestCase):
2626
'raise_on_defect': False,
2727
'mangle_from_': True,
2828
'message_factory': None,
29+
'verify_generated_headers': True,
2930
}
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# These default values are the ones set on email.policy.default.
3132
# If any of these defaults change, the docs must be updated.
@@ -277,6 +278,31 @@ def test_short_maxlen_error(self):
277278
with self.assertRaises(email.errors.HeaderParseError):
278279
policy.fold("Subject", subject)
279280

281+
def test_verify_generated_headers(self):
282+
"""Turning protection off allows header injection"""
283+
policy = email.policy.default.clone(verify_generated_headers=False)
284+
for text in (
285+
'Header: Value\r\nBad: Injection\r\n',
286+
'Header: NoNewLine'
287+
):
288+
with self.subTest(text=text):
289+
message = email.message_from_string(
290+
"Header: Value\r\n\r\nBody",
291+
policy=policy,
292+
)
293+
class LiteralHeader(str):
294+
name = 'Header'
295+
def fold(self, **kwargs):
296+
return self
297+
298+
del message['Header']
299+
message['Header'] = LiteralHeader(text)
300+
301+
self.assertEqual(
302+
message.as_string(),
303+
f"{text}\nBody",
304+
)
305+
280306
# XXX: Need subclassing tests.
281307
# For adding subclassed objects, make sure the usual rules apply (subclass
282308
# wins), but that the order still works (right overrides left).

‎Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-07-27-16-10-41.gh-issue-121650.nf6oc9.rst

Copy file name to clipboard
+5Lines changed: 5 additions & 0 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
1+
:mod:`email` headers with embedded newlines are now quoted on output. The
2+
:mod:`~email.generator` will now refuse to serialize (write) headers that
3+
are unsafely folded or delimited; see
4+
:attr:`~email.policy.Policy.verify_generated_headers`. (Contributed by Bas
5+
Bloemsaat and Petr Viktorin in :gh:`121650`.)

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