python
diff --git a/‎Include/cpython/pystats.h
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diff --git a/‎Include/internal/pycore_object.h
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diff --git a/‎Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-12-07-13-06-09.gh-issue-127599.tXCZb_.rst
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@@ -18,6 +18,12 @@
 //
 // Define _PY_INTERPRETER macro to increment interpreter_increfs and
 // interpreter_decrefs. Otherwise, increment increfs and decrefs.
+//
+// The number of incref operations counted by `incref` and
+// `interpreter_incref` is the number of increment operations, which is
+// not equal to the total of all reference counts. A single increment
+// operation may increase the reference count of an object by more than
+// one. For example, see `_Py_RefcntAdd`.
 
 #ifndef Py_CPYTHON_PYSTATS_H
 #  error "this header file must not be included directly"
 
@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ extern void _Py_DecRefTotal(PyThreadState *);
 static inline void _Py_RefcntAdd(PyObject* op, Py_ssize_t n)
 {
     if (_Py_IsImmortal(op)) {
+        _Py_INCREF_IMMORTAL_STAT_INC();
         return;
     }
 #ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
@@ -159,6 +160,10 @@ static inline void _Py_RefcntAdd(PyObject* op, Py_ssize_t n)
         _Py_atomic_add_ssize(&op->ob_ref_shared, (n << _Py_REF_SHARED_SHIFT));
     }
 #endif
+    // Although the ref count was increased by `n` (which may be greater than 1)
+    // it is only a single increment (i.e. addition) operation, so only 1 refcnt
+    // increment operation is counted.
+    _Py_INCREF_STAT_INC();
 }
 #define _Py_RefcntAdd(op, n) _Py_RefcntAdd(_PyObject_CAST(op), n)
 
 
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fix statistics for increments of object reference counts (in particular, when
+a reference count was increased by more than 1 in a single operation).
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
`@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ extern void _Py_DecRefTotal(PyThreadState *);`
`131`	`131`	`static inline void _Py_RefcntAdd(PyObject* op, Py_ssize_t n)`
`132`	`132`	`{`
`133`	`133`	`if (_Py_IsImmortal(op)) {`
	`134`	`+ _Py_INCREF_IMMORTAL_STAT_INC();`
`134`	`135`	`return;`
`135`	`136`	`}`
`136`	`137`	`#ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG`
`@@ -159,6 +160,10 @@ static inline void _Py_RefcntAdd(PyObject* op, Py_ssize_t n)`
`159`	`160`	`_Py_atomic_add_ssize(&op->ob_ref_shared, (n << _Py_REF_SHARED_SHIFT));`
`160`	`161`	`}`
`161`	`162`	`#endif`
	`163`	+ // Although the ref count was increased by `n` (which may be greater than 1)
	`164`	`+ // it is only a single increment (i.e. addition) operation, so only 1 refcnt`
	`165`	`+ // increment operation is counted.`
	`166`	`+ _Py_INCREF_STAT_INC();`
`162`	`167`	`}`
`163`	`168`	`#define _Py_RefcntAdd(op, n) _Py_RefcntAdd(_PyObject_CAST(op), n)`
`164`	`169`
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
`@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@`
	`1`	`+Fix statistics for increments of object reference counts (in particular, when`
	`2`	`+a reference count was increased by more than 1 in a single operation).`