Port TypeScript PR #59767: Rewrite relative import extensions with flag

Analysis of what needs to be ported from the TypeScript PR to the Go implementation:

Current Status

• Basic command line option already exists in internal/tsoptions/declscompiler.go
• Emit helper already exists in internal/printer/helpers.go
• Factory function already exists in internal/printer/factory.go
• Basic utility functions already exist in internal/transformers/utilities.go
• Some diagnostic messages already exist in internal/diagnostics/diagnostics_generated.go
• Basic tests already exist in internal/transformers/commonjsmodule_test.go

Completed Implementation ✅

1. ✅ Type checker validation logic in internal/checker/checker.go
   • Implemented error TS2876: When import path looks like filename but resolves elsewhere
   • Implemented error TS2877: When using TS extension that won't be rewritten (simplified without sourceFileMayBeEmitted check)
2. ✅ Fixed shouldRewriteModuleSpecifier to match TypeScript implementation (removed extra TS extension check)
3. ✅ Moved ShouldRewriteModuleSpecifier to tspath package to avoid import cycles
4. ✅ Uncommented description field for the rewriteRelativeImportExtensions command line option
5. ✅ All existing transformers tests pass
6. ✅ New validation is working correctly - producing expected error diagnostics for test cases:
   • cjsErrors.ts - detecting unsafe relative imports
   • packageJsonImportsErrors.ts - package.json imports validation
   • nodeModulesTsFiles.ts - node_modules TypeScript files validation
   • nonTSExtensions.ts - non-TypeScript extension handling
7. ✅ Baseline tests updated with new error diagnostics

Design Notes

• Moved ShouldRewriteModuleSpecifier from transformers to tspath package to avoid import cycles
• Simplified error TS2877 validation by removing sourceFileMayBeEmitted check (can be added later if needed)
• Did not implement error TS2878 for project reference validation (complex cross-project validation, may defer)
• Minor difference in relative path formatting (no ./ prefix) vs TypeScript implementation but functionally equivalent

Test Results

• ✅ All existing tests pass
• ✅ New error diagnostics generated correctly for rewriteRelativeImportExtensions test cases
• ✅ Baseline tests updated to reflect new validation behavior

The implementation successfully ports the core functionality of TypeScript PR #59767, providing validation for the rewriteRelativeImportExtensions flag to catch unsafe import path rewrites.

Fixes #1113.

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