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| 1 | +package com.macasaet; |
| 2 | + |
| 3 | +import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals; |
| 4 | +import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue; |
| 5 | + |
| 6 | +import java.util.*; |
| 7 | +import java.util.stream.Collectors; |
| 8 | +import java.util.stream.Stream; |
| 9 | +import java.util.stream.StreamSupport; |
| 10 | + |
| 11 | +import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested; |
| 12 | +import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; |
| 13 | + |
| 14 | +/** |
| 15 | + * --- Day 16: Packet Decoder --- |
| 16 | + */ |
| 17 | +public class Day16 { |
| 18 | + |
| 19 | + protected Stream<String> getInput() { |
| 20 | + return StreamSupport |
| 21 | + .stream(new LineSpliterator("day-16.txt"), |
| 22 | + false); |
| 23 | + } |
| 24 | + |
| 25 | + public interface Packet { |
| 26 | + long version(); |
| 27 | + |
| 28 | + void accept(PacketVisitor packetVisitor); |
| 29 | + |
| 30 | + long evaluate(); |
| 31 | + } |
| 32 | + |
| 33 | + public record Literal(long version, long value) implements Packet { |
| 34 | + |
| 35 | + public void accept(PacketVisitor packetVisitor) { |
| 36 | + packetVisitor.visit(this); |
| 37 | + } |
| 38 | + |
| 39 | + public long evaluate() { |
| 40 | + return value(); |
| 41 | + } |
| 42 | + } |
| 43 | + |
| 44 | + public enum OperatorType { |
| 45 | + SUM { |
| 46 | + public long evaluate(List<? extends Packet> operands) { |
| 47 | + return operands.stream().mapToLong(Packet::evaluate).sum(); |
| 48 | + } |
| 49 | + }, |
| 50 | + PRODUCT { |
| 51 | + public long evaluate(List<? extends Packet> operands) { |
| 52 | + return operands.stream().mapToLong(Packet::evaluate).reduce(1, (x, y) -> x * y); |
| 53 | + } |
| 54 | + }, |
| 55 | + MINIMUM { |
| 56 | + public long evaluate(List<? extends Packet> operands) { |
| 57 | + return operands.stream().mapToLong(Packet::evaluate).min().orElseThrow(); |
| 58 | + } |
| 59 | + }, |
| 60 | + MAXIMUM { |
| 61 | + public long evaluate(List<? extends Packet> operands) { |
| 62 | + return operands.stream().mapToLong(Packet::evaluate).max().orElseThrow(); |
| 63 | + } |
| 64 | + }, |
| 65 | + GREATER_THAN { |
| 66 | + public long evaluate(List<? extends Packet> operands) { |
| 67 | + if (operands.size() != 2) { |
| 68 | + throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid operand list for \"greater than\" operator: " + operands); |
| 69 | + } |
| 70 | + final var x = operands.get(0).evaluate(); |
| 71 | + final var y = operands.get(1).evaluate(); |
| 72 | + return x > y ? 1 : 0; |
| 73 | + } |
| 74 | + }, |
| 75 | + LESS_THAN { |
| 76 | + public long evaluate(List<? extends Packet> operands) { |
| 77 | + if (operands.size() != 2) { |
| 78 | + throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid operand list for \"less than\" operator: " + operands); |
| 79 | + } |
| 80 | + final var x = operands.get(0).evaluate(); |
| 81 | + final var y = operands.get(1).evaluate(); |
| 82 | + return x < y ? 1 : 0; |
| 83 | + } |
| 84 | + }, |
| 85 | + EQUAL_TO { |
| 86 | + public long evaluate(List<? extends Packet> operands) { |
| 87 | + if (operands.size() != 2) { |
| 88 | + throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid operand list for \"equal to\" operator: " + operands); |
| 89 | + } |
| 90 | + final var x = operands.get(0).evaluate(); |
| 91 | + final var y = operands.get(1).evaluate(); |
| 92 | + return x == y ? 1 : 0; |
| 93 | + } |
| 94 | + }; |
| 95 | + |
| 96 | + public abstract long evaluate(List<? extends Packet> operands); |
| 97 | + |
| 98 | + public static OperatorType forId(final int typeId) { |
| 99 | + return switch (typeId) { |
| 100 | + case 0 -> SUM; |
| 101 | + case 1 -> PRODUCT; |
| 102 | + case 2 -> MINIMUM; |
| 103 | + case 3 -> MAXIMUM; |
| 104 | + case 5 -> GREATER_THAN; |
| 105 | + case 6 -> LESS_THAN; |
| 106 | + case 7 -> EQUAL_TO; |
| 107 | + default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid operator type ID: " + typeId); |
| 108 | + }; |
| 109 | + } |
| 110 | + } |
| 111 | + |
| 112 | + public record Operator(long version, OperatorType operatorType, List<Packet> operands) implements Packet { |
| 113 | + |
| 114 | + public void accept(PacketVisitor packetVisitor) { |
| 115 | + packetVisitor.enter(this); |
| 116 | + for (final var subPacket : operands()) { |
| 117 | + subPacket.accept(packetVisitor); |
| 118 | + } |
| 119 | + packetVisitor.exit(this); |
| 120 | + } |
| 121 | + |
| 122 | + public long evaluate() { |
| 123 | + return operatorType().evaluate(operands()); |
| 124 | + } |
| 125 | + } |
| 126 | + |
| 127 | + public interface PacketVisitor { |
| 128 | + void visit(Literal literal); |
| 129 | + |
| 130 | + void enter(Operator operator); |
| 131 | + |
| 132 | + void exit(Operator operator); |
| 133 | + } |
| 134 | + |
| 135 | + public static class PacketBuilder { |
| 136 | + |
| 137 | + private long version; |
| 138 | + private long typeId; |
| 139 | + private OptionalLong literalValue = OptionalLong.empty(); |
| 140 | + private final List<Packet> subPackets = new ArrayList<>(); |
| 141 | + |
| 142 | + public Packet readHex(final String hexString) { |
| 143 | + final var hexDigits = hexString.toCharArray(); |
| 144 | + final var bits = hexToBits(hexDigits); |
| 145 | + read(bits, 0); |
| 146 | + return toPacket(); |
| 147 | + } |
| 148 | + |
| 149 | + public int read(final List<Byte> bits, int transmissionCursor) { |
| 150 | + final var versionBits = bits.subList(transmissionCursor, transmissionCursor + 3); |
| 151 | + transmissionCursor += 3; |
| 152 | + this.version = toLong(versionBits); |
| 153 | + |
| 154 | + final var typeBits = bits.subList(transmissionCursor, transmissionCursor + 3); |
| 155 | + transmissionCursor += 3; |
| 156 | + this.typeId = toLong(typeBits); |
| 157 | + |
| 158 | + // TODO consider adding methods to parse each type specifically |
| 159 | + if (this.typeId == 4) { |
| 160 | + boolean finalGroup = false; |
| 161 | + final var literalBits = new ArrayList<Byte>(); |
| 162 | + while (!finalGroup) { |
| 163 | + final var groupBits = bits.subList(transmissionCursor, transmissionCursor + 5); |
| 164 | + transmissionCursor += 5; |
| 165 | + finalGroup = groupBits.get(0) == 0; |
| 166 | + literalBits.addAll(groupBits.subList(1, 5)); |
| 167 | + } |
| 168 | + if (literalBits.size() > 63) { |
| 169 | + throw new IllegalArgumentException("Literal is too large for an long: " + literalBits.size()); |
| 170 | + } |
| 171 | + literalValue = OptionalLong.of(toLong(literalBits)); |
| 172 | + return transmissionCursor; |
| 173 | + } else { |
| 174 | + final var lengthTypeIdBits = bits.subList(transmissionCursor, transmissionCursor + 1); |
| 175 | + transmissionCursor += 1; |
| 176 | + final var lengthTypeId = toLong(lengthTypeIdBits); |
| 177 | + if (lengthTypeId == 0) { |
| 178 | + final var lengthOfSubPacketsBits = bits.subList(transmissionCursor, transmissionCursor + 15); |
| 179 | + transmissionCursor += 15; |
| 180 | + final var lengthOfSubPackets = toLong(lengthOfSubPacketsBits); |
| 181 | + int bitsRead = 0; |
| 182 | + while (bitsRead < lengthOfSubPackets) { |
| 183 | + final var subPacketBuilder = new PacketBuilder(); |
| 184 | + final var newCursor = subPacketBuilder.read(bits, transmissionCursor); |
| 185 | + final var subPacketSize = newCursor - transmissionCursor; // size of sub-packet in bits |
| 186 | + transmissionCursor = newCursor; |
| 187 | + |
| 188 | + subPackets.add(subPacketBuilder.toPacket()); |
| 189 | + bitsRead += subPacketSize; |
| 190 | + } |
| 191 | + return transmissionCursor; |
| 192 | + } else if (lengthTypeId == 1) { |
| 193 | + final var numSubPacketsBits = bits.subList(transmissionCursor, transmissionCursor + 11); |
| 194 | + transmissionCursor += 11; |
| 195 | + final var numSubPackets = toLong(numSubPacketsBits); |
| 196 | + for (int packetsRead = 0; packetsRead < numSubPackets; packetsRead++) { |
| 197 | + final var subPacketBuilder = new PacketBuilder(); |
| 198 | + transmissionCursor = subPacketBuilder.read(bits, transmissionCursor); |
| 199 | + subPackets.add(subPacketBuilder.toPacket()); |
| 200 | + } |
| 201 | + return transmissionCursor; |
| 202 | + } else { |
| 203 | + throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid length type ID: " + lengthTypeId); |
| 204 | + } |
| 205 | + } |
| 206 | + } |
| 207 | + |
| 208 | + public Packet toPacket() { |
| 209 | + if (typeId == 4) { |
| 210 | + return new Literal(version, literalValue.orElseThrow()); |
| 211 | + } else { |
| 212 | + return new Operator(version, OperatorType.forId((int) typeId), subPackets); |
| 213 | + } |
| 214 | + } |
| 215 | + |
| 216 | + protected long toLong(final List<Byte> bits) { |
| 217 | + long result = 0; |
| 218 | + for (int i = 0; i < bits.size(); i++) { |
| 219 | + final var bit = bits.get(i); |
| 220 | + if (bit == 1) { |
| 221 | + final long shiftDistance = bits.size() - i - 1; |
| 222 | + result |= 1L << shiftDistance; |
| 223 | + } else if (bit != 0) { |
| 224 | + throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid bit representation of an integer: " + bits); |
| 225 | + } |
| 226 | + } |
| 227 | + return result; |
| 228 | + } |
| 229 | + |
| 230 | + protected List<Byte> hexToBits(final char[] hexDigits) { |
| 231 | + final var result = new ArrayList<Byte>(hexDigits.length * 4); |
| 232 | + for (final var digit : hexDigits) { |
| 233 | + final var bits = switch (digit) { |
| 234 | + case '0' -> Arrays.asList((byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 0); |
| 235 | + case '1' -> Arrays.asList((byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 1); |
| 236 | + case '2' -> Arrays.asList((byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 1, (byte) 0); |
| 237 | + case '3' -> Arrays.asList((byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 1, (byte) 1); |
| 238 | + case '4' -> Arrays.asList((byte) 0, (byte) 1, (byte) 0, (byte) 0); |
| 239 | + case '5' -> Arrays.asList((byte) 0, (byte) 1, (byte) 0, (byte) 1); |
| 240 | + case '6' -> Arrays.asList((byte) 0, (byte) 1, (byte) 1, (byte) 0); |
| 241 | + case '7' -> Arrays.asList((byte) 0, (byte) 1, (byte) 1, (byte) 1); |
| 242 | + case '8' -> Arrays.asList((byte) 1, (byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 0); |
| 243 | + case '9' -> Arrays.asList((byte) 1, (byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 1); |
| 244 | + case 'A', 'a' -> Arrays.asList((byte) 1, (byte) 0, (byte) 1, (byte) 0); |
| 245 | + case 'B', 'b' -> Arrays.asList((byte) 1, (byte) 0, (byte) 1, (byte) 1); |
| 246 | + case 'C', 'c' -> Arrays.asList((byte) 1, (byte) 1, (byte) 0, (byte) 0); |
| 247 | + case 'D', 'd' -> Arrays.asList((byte) 1, (byte) 1, (byte) 0, (byte) 1); |
| 248 | + case 'E', 'e' -> Arrays.asList((byte) 1, (byte) 1, (byte) 1, (byte) 0); |
| 249 | + case 'F', 'f' -> Arrays.asList((byte) 1, (byte) 1, (byte) 1, (byte) 1); |
| 250 | + default -> throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected value: " + digit); |
| 251 | + }; |
| 252 | + result.addAll(bits); |
| 253 | + } |
| 254 | + return Collections.unmodifiableList(result); |
| 255 | + } |
| 256 | + } |
| 257 | + |
| 258 | + @Test |
| 259 | + public final void testParseLiteral() { |
| 260 | + // given |
| 261 | + final var input = "D2FE28"; |
| 262 | + final var builder = new PacketBuilder(); |
| 263 | + |
| 264 | + // when |
| 265 | + final var result = builder.readHex(input); |
| 266 | + |
| 267 | + // then |
| 268 | + assertTrue(result instanceof Literal); |
| 269 | + final var literal = (Literal) result; |
| 270 | + assertEquals(2021, literal.value); |
| 271 | + } |
| 272 | + |
| 273 | + @Test |
| 274 | + public final void testOperatorWithTwoSubPackets() { |
| 275 | + // given |
| 276 | + final var input = "38006F45291200"; |
| 277 | + final var builder = new PacketBuilder(); |
| 278 | + |
| 279 | + // when |
| 280 | + final var result = builder.readHex(input); |
| 281 | + |
| 282 | + // then |
| 283 | + assertTrue(result instanceof Operator); |
| 284 | + final var operator = (Operator) result; |
| 285 | + assertEquals(1, operator.version()); |
| 286 | + assertEquals(OperatorType.LESS_THAN, operator.operatorType()); |
| 287 | + assertEquals(2, operator.operands().size()); |
| 288 | + final var a = (Literal) operator.operands().get(0); |
| 289 | + assertEquals(10, a.value()); |
| 290 | + final var b = (Literal) operator.operands().get(1); |
| 291 | + assertEquals(20, b.value()); |
| 292 | + } |
| 293 | + |
| 294 | + @Test |
| 295 | + public final void part1() { |
| 296 | + final var line = getInput().collect(Collectors.toList()).get(0); |
| 297 | + final var builder = new PacketBuilder(); |
| 298 | + final var packet = builder.readHex(line); |
| 299 | + class VersionSummer implements PacketVisitor { |
| 300 | + |
| 301 | + int sum = 0; |
| 302 | + |
| 303 | + public void visit(Literal literal) { |
| 304 | + sum += literal.version(); |
| 305 | + } |
| 306 | + |
| 307 | + public void enter(Operator operator) { |
| 308 | + } |
| 309 | + |
| 310 | + public void exit(Operator operator) { |
| 311 | + sum += operator.version(); |
| 312 | + } |
| 313 | + } |
| 314 | + final var summer = new VersionSummer(); |
| 315 | + packet.accept(summer); |
| 316 | + |
| 317 | + System.out.println("Part 1: " + summer.sum); |
| 318 | + } |
| 319 | + |
| 320 | + @Test |
| 321 | + public final void part2() { |
| 322 | + final var line = getInput().collect(Collectors.toList()).get(0); |
| 323 | + final var builder = new PacketBuilder(); |
| 324 | + final var packet = builder.readHex(line); |
| 325 | + System.out.println("Part 2: " + packet.evaluate()); |
| 326 | + } |
| 327 | + |
| 328 | + @Nested |
| 329 | + public class PacketBuilderTest { |
| 330 | + @Test |
| 331 | + public void testToInt() { |
| 332 | + // given |
| 333 | + final var builder = new PacketBuilder(); |
| 334 | + // when |
| 335 | + // then |
| 336 | + assertEquals(2021, builder.toLong(Arrays.asList((byte) 0, (byte) 1, (byte) 1, (byte) 1, (byte) 1, (byte) 1, (byte) 1, (byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 1, (byte) 0, (byte) 1))); |
| 337 | + } |
| 338 | + |
| 339 | + @Test |
| 340 | + public final void testMaths() { |
| 341 | + assertEquals(3, new PacketBuilder().readHex("C200B40A82").evaluate()); |
| 342 | + assertEquals(54, new PacketBuilder().readHex("04005AC33890").evaluate()); |
| 343 | + assertEquals(7, new PacketBuilder().readHex("880086C3E88112").evaluate()); |
| 344 | + assertEquals(9, new PacketBuilder().readHex("CE00C43D881120").evaluate()); |
| 345 | + assertEquals(1, new PacketBuilder().readHex("D8005AC2A8F0").evaluate()); |
| 346 | + assertEquals(0, new PacketBuilder().readHex("F600BC2D8F").evaluate()); |
| 347 | + assertEquals(0, new PacketBuilder().readHex("9C005AC2F8F0").evaluate()); |
| 348 | + assertEquals(1, new PacketBuilder().readHex("9C0141080250320F1802104A08").evaluate()); |
| 349 | + } |
| 350 | + } |
| 351 | + |
| 352 | +} |
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