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[LeetCode] 194. Transpose File #194

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@grandyang

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@grandyang
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Given a text file file.txt, transpose its content.

You may assume that each row has the same number of columns and each field is separated by the ' ' character.

For example, if file.txt has the following content:

name age
alice 21
ryan 30

 

Output the following:

name alice ryan
age 21 30

 

这道题让我们转置一个文件,其实感觉就是把文本内容当做了一个矩阵,每个单词空格隔开看做是矩阵中的一个元素,然后将转置后的内容打印出来。那么我们先来看使用awk关键字的做法,关于awk的介绍可以参见这个帖子。其中NF表示当前记录中的字段个数,就是有多少列,NR表示已经读出的记录数,就是行号,从1开始。那么在这里NF是2,因为文本只有两列,这里面这个for循环还跟我们通常所熟悉for循环不太一样,通常我们以为i只能是1和2,然后循环就结束了,而这里的i实际上遍历的数字为1,2,1,2,1,2,我们可能看到实际上循环了3遍1和2,而行数正好是3,可能人家就是这个机制吧。知道了上面这些,那么下面的代码就不难理解了,遍历过程如下:

i = 1, s = [name]

i = 2, s = [name; age]

i = 1, s = [name alice; age]

i = 2, s = [name alice; age 21]

i = 1, s = [name alice ryan; age 21]

i = 2, s = [name alice ryan; age 21 30]

然后我们再将s中的各行打印出来即可,参见代码如下:

 

解法一:

awk '{
    for (i = 1; i <= NF; ++i) {
        if (NR == 1) s[i] = $i;
        else s[i] = s[i] " " $i;
    }
} END {
    for (i = 1; s[i] != ""; ++i) {
        print s[i];
    }
}' file.txt

 

下面这种方法和上面的思路完全一样,但是代码风格不一样,上面是C语言风格,而这个完全就是Bash脚本的风格了,我们用read关键字,我们可以查看read的用法read: usage: read [-ers] [-u fd] [-t timeout] [-p prompt] [-a array] [-n nchars] [-d delim] [name ...]。那么我们知道-a表示数组,将读出的每行内容存入数组line中,那么下一行for中的一堆特殊字符肯定让你头晕眼花,关于shell中的特殊变量可以参见这个帖子,其实我也不能算特别理解下面的代码,大概觉得跟上面的思路一样,求大神来具体给讲解下哈:

 

解法二:

while read -a line; do
    for ((i = 0; i < "${#line[@]}"; ++i)); do
        a[$i]="${a[$i]} ${line[$i]}"
    done
done < file.txt
for ((i = 0; i < ${#a[@]}; ++i)); do
    echo ${a[i]}
done

 

参考资料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/transpose-file/

https://leetcode.com/problems/transpose-file/discuss/55522/AC-Solution%3A-8-lines-only-in-pure-Bash

https://leetcode.com/problems/transpose-file/discuss/55502/AC-solution-using-awk-and-statement-just-like-C.

 

LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)

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