Recapping Data Types, Operators, & While Loops

while loops allow programmers to repeat a task as a long as a certain condition stays true.

exp = 6
total = 1
base = 4

while exp > 0: 
  total = total * base
  exp--

print("total is:", total)
  

keep_counting = "y'
count = 0

while keep_counting = "y":
  count+=1
  print("count is: ", count)
  keep_counting = input("Do you want count another? (y/n)": )
  
print("the end count is: ", count)
  

1. Strings str
2. Numeric int, float, complex
3. Boolean bool
4. Characters

The type can be tested by using type(variable), Python returns the class (or type) that the data is a part of.

>>> name = "Omaha Central"
>>> type(name)
<class 'str'>

This can be a helpful tool when debugging since the data types are explicitly declared by the user like they are in Java.

>>> age = 160
>>> type(age)
<class 'int'>

Python is dynamically typed (Java is statically typed) meaning that we don't have to declare what data types we will be using. Howerver, to make conversions between data types, Python has some helpful functions.

• String to an int

>>> age = "31"  
>>> birth_year = 2020 - int(age)
>>> print(birth_year)
1989 

• Int to a string

>>> height = 77
>>> print("You are " + str(height) + " inches tall")

float(x) converts an int or a string that is a number to a floating point value.

Conversions can also be used to convert float values to integers. In this case, the decimal is dropped, not rounded.
Python will return a ValueError when try to convert data that can't be converted to another specified data type.

Arithemtic Operators in Python:

5 / 2 = 2.5
5 // 2 = 2
5 % 2 = 1

The python standard library has a package random. To use it in your program you must import it.

import random
# program code goes below

You can take a look at the python docs here: Random Some functions available include:

• randon.random() Returns a floating point number between 0 and 1.
• random.randrange(stop) Returns an integer between 0 up until the value provided.
• random.randrange(start, stop, step) Returns an integer from the range and step given.
• random.randint(a, b) Returns an integer between AND including a and b.

The program then should be extended to roll any number of times, with the input being provided by the user.
The output of each dice roll should be displayed.

>>> Roll result: 3
>>> Roll again? (y/n):  y
>>> 
>>> Roll result: 5
>>> Roll again? (y/n): n
>>>
>>> K. Bye

The program should then roll and print the result until it lands on the highest-sided number.

>>> Enter the number of sides: 15
>>>
>>> 1 3 12 14 7 8 8 3 2 4 15 
>>>
>>> It took 11 rolls to get 15.  

>>> Enter the number of sides: 3
>>>
>>> 1 3
>>>
>>> It took 2 rolls to get 3.  

The program should accept a positive whole number and output the corresponding value in binary up to 8 bits (8 binary digits).

*Note that converting to binary is essentially repeated division by 2 and using the quotient's remainder.

>>> Please enter a postive whole number: 11  
>>> 11 in binary is: 00001011
>>>