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Commit d6d7666

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Rajeev Kumar Singh
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‎.gitignore

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.idea
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*.iml

‎Readme.md

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## Kotlin Tutorials
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### Kotlin Basics
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* [Overview and Setup](https://www.callicoder.com/categories/kotlin/)
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* [Writing your first Kotlin Program](https://www.callicoder.com/kotlin-introduction-hello-world/)
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* [Variables and Data Types](https://www.callicoder.com/kotlin-variables-data-types/)
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* [Kotlin Operators](https://www.callicoder.com/kotlin-operators/)
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* [Kotlin Control Flow: if and when expressions, for and while loops](https://www.callicoder.com/kotlin-control-flow/)
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* [Nullable Types and Null Safety in Kotlin](https://www.callicoder.com/kotlin-nullable-types-null-safety/)
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### Kotlin Functions
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* [Kotlin Functions, Default and Named Arguments, Varargs and Function Scopes](https://www.callicoder.com/kotlin-functions/)
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* [Kotlin Infix Notation - Make function calls more intuitive](https://www.callicoder.com/kotlin-infix-notation/)
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### Kotlin OOP
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* [Classes, Objects, Constructors and Initializers](https://www.callicoder.com/kotlin-classes-objects-constructors-initializers/)
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* [Properties, Backing Fields, Getters and Setters](https://www.callicoder.com/kotlin-properties-backing-fields-getters-setters/)
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* [Kotlin Inheritance, Overriding Methods, and Properties](https://www.callicoder.com/kotlin-inheritance/)
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* [Kotlin Abstract Classes](https://www.callicoder.com/kotlin-abstract-classes/)
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* [Introduction to Data Classes in Kotlin](https://www.callicoder.com/kotlin-data-classes/)
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* [Kotlin Type Checks and Smart Casts](https://www.callicoder.com/kotlin-type-checks-smart-casts/)

‎src/t1_hello_world/Hello.kt

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package t1_hello_world
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// Kotlin Hello World Program
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fun main(args: Array<String>) {
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println("Hello, World!")
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}

‎src/t2_variables/Variables.kt

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package t2_variables
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fun main(args: Array<String>) {
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/*
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Declaring Variables
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*/
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// Immutable variable (val)
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val name = "Bill Gates"
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// name = "Satoshi Nakamoto" Error: Val cannot be reassigned
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// Mutable variable (var)
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var country = "USA"
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country = "India" // Works
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println("$name, $country")
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//===========================
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/*
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Type inference
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*/
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val greeting = "Hello, World" // type inferred as `String`
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val year = 2018 // type inferred as `Int`
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// Explicitly defining the type of variables
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val myStr: String = "Hello"
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val myInt: Int = 20
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// Type declaration is mandatory here, since the variable is not initialized at the time of declaration
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var language: String
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language = "French"
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println("$greeting $year $myStr $myInt $language")
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}

‎src/t3_basic_types/Arrays.kt

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package t3_basic_types
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fun main(args: Array<String>) {
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// Creating Arrays
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var numbers = arrayOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
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var animals = arrayOf("Cat", "Dog", "Lion", "Tiger")
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var mixedArray = arrayOf(1, true, 3, "Hello", 'A') // Works and creates an array of Objects
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var numArray = arrayOf<Int>(1, 2, 3, 4) // Enforcing Type
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// Array Indexing
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val myDoubleArray = arrayOf(4.0, 6.9, 1.7, 12.3, 5.4)
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val firstElement = myDoubleArray[0]
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val lastElement = myDoubleArray[myDoubleArray.size - 1]
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// Primitive Arrays
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val myCharArray = charArrayOf('K', 'O', 'T') // CharArray (corresponds to Java 'char[]')
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val myIntArray = intArrayOf(1, 3, 5, 7) // IntArray (corresponds to Java 'int[]')
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// Creating Arrays using Array() constructor
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var mySquareArray = Array(5, {i -> i * i}) // [0, 1, 4, 9, 16]
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}

‎src/t3_basic_types/NumericTypes.kt

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package t3_basic_types
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fun main(args: Array<String>) {
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// Kotlin Numeric Types Examples
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val myByte: Byte = 10
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val myShort: Short = 125
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val myInt = 1000
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val myLong = 1000L // The suffix 'L' is used to specify a long value
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val myFloat = 126.78f // The suffix 'f' or 'F' represents a Float
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val myDouble = 325.49
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// Use underscores to make numeric values more readable
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val hundredThousand = 100_000
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val oneMillion = 1_000_000
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val myHexa = 0x0A0F // Hexadecimal values are prefixed with '0x' or '0X'
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val myBinary = 0b1010 // Binary values are prefixed with '0b' or '0B'
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println("$myByte $myShort $myInt $myLong $myFloat $myDouble $hundredThousand $oneMillion $myHexa $myBinary")
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}

‎src/t3_basic_types/Strings.kt

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package t3_basic_types
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fun main(args: Array<String>) {
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// Delcaring a String
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var myStr = "Hello World"
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// String Indexing
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var name = "John"
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var firstCharInName = name[0] // 'J'
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var lastCharInName = name[name.length - 1] // 'n'
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// Escaped and Raw String
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var myEscapedString = "Hello Reader,\nWelcome to my Blog"
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var myMultilineRawString = """
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The Quick Brown Fox
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Jumped Over a Lazy Dog.
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"""
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println("$name, $firstCharInName, $lastCharInName, $myEscapedString, $myMultilineRawString")
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}

‎src/t3_basic_types/TypeConversions.kt

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package t3_basic_types
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fun main(args: Array<String>) {
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val myInt = 100
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val myLong = myInt.toLong() // Explicitly converting 'Int' to 'Long'
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val doubleValue = 176.80
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val intValue = doubleValue.toInt() // 176
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val anotherInt = 1000
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anotherInt.toString() // "1000"
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val str = "1000"
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val intValueofStr = str.toInt()
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}

‎src/t4_operators/NumericOperations.kt

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package t4_operators
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fun main(args: Array<String>) {
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var a = 10
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var b = 20
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var c = ((a + b) * ( a + b))/2 // 450
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var isALessThanB = a < b // true
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a++ // a now becomes 11
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b += 5 // b equals to 25 now
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// =======================
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// Operators are internally converted to method calls
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var x = 4
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var y = 5
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println(x + y)
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// equivalent to
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println(x.plus(y))
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// ======================
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// Bitwise Operators
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1 shl 2 // Equivalent to 1.shl(2), Result = 4
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16 shr 2 // Result = 4
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2 and 4 // Result = 0
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2 or 3 // Result = 3
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4 xor 5 // Result = 1
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4.inv() // Result = -5
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}

‎src/t4_operators/StringOperations.kt

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package t4_operators
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fun main(args: Array<String>) {
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// String Concatenation
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var firstName = "Rajeev"
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var lastName = "Singh"
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var fullName = firstName + " " + lastName // "Rajeev Singh"
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// String Interpolation
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var a = 12
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var b = 18
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println("Avg of $a and $b is equal to ${ (a + b)/2 }")
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}

‎src/t5_conditionals/IfElse.kt

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package t5_conditionals
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fun main(args: Array<String>) {
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// If Statement
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var n = 34
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if(n % 2 == 0) {
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println("$n is even")
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}
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// The curly braces are optional if the body of if statement contains a single line
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if(n % 2 == 0) println("$n is even")
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// =======================
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// If-Else Statement
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var a = 32
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var b = 55
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if(a > b) {
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println("max($a, $b) = $a")
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} else {
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println("max($a, $b) = $b")
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}
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// =======================
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// Using If as an expression
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var max = if(a > b) a else b
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println("max($a, $b) = $max")
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// If-Else branches with block bodies
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max = if(a > b) {
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println("$a is greater than $b")
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a
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} else {
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println("$a is less than or equal to $b")
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b
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}
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println("max($a, $b) = $max")
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// ========================
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// If Else If Chain
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var age = 17
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if(age < 12) {
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println("Child")
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} else if (age in 12..17) {
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println("Teen")
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} else if (age in 18..21) {
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println("Young Adult")
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} else if (age in 22..30) {
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println("Adult")
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} else if (age in 30..50) {
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println("Middle Aged")
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} else {
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println("Old")
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}
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}

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