a git cheet sheet arranged by command and short discription

Sometimes You know some keyword for key command but can't memorize it. This cheat sheet is I creat for this need, just use command(ctrl) + F to quickly find what you need.

// for short discription

config: --local --global --system

$ git config --global user.name [name] $ git config --global user.email [email]

$ git config user.email <email>

// only for current repo

$ git config --global color.ui true

$ git config --global core.editor <editor>

$ git config --global merge.tool opendiff

$ git config (--global) --list

// list all the config

// edit config directly in ~/.gitconfig

$ git config --global alias.mylog \
"log --pretty=format:'%h %s [%an]' --graph"

$ git config --global alias.lol \
"log --graph --decorate --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit --all"

$ git config --global alias.hist \
“log --pretty=format:'%h %ad | %s%d [%an]' --graph --date=short”

$ git config --global core.autocrlf input

// auto carriage return

$ git config --global pull.rebase true

// default to $ git fetch; git rebase rather than $ git pull = git fetch; git merge

$ git config --global rerere.enabled true

// records all fixes to merge conflict, automatically fix later ones if the same

$ git log

$ git log --pretty=oneline

// (SHA hash) (commit_message)

$ git log --pretty=format:”%h %ad- %s [%an]”

// %ad = author date % an = author name

// %h = SHA hash %s = subject %d = ref names

$ git log --oneline -p

// -p for patch output (detail change)

// --stat insertion and deletion

// --graph visualize the merging

$ git log --until=1.minute.ago

// --since=1.day(hour) ago

// --since=1.month.ago --until=2.weeks.ago

// --since=2015-01-01 --until= 2015-04-01

git clone <url> <new_repo_name>

git clone <repo_to_be_cloned> <new_repo_name>

$ git remote add origin <repo URL>

$ git remote -v

// show remote repositories

$ git remote add <name> <URL>

// to add new remotes

$ git remote rm <name>

// to remove remotes

$ git remote show <remote_name>

// all the branch information between <remote_name> and local

$ git remote prune <remote_name>

// Deletes all deleted branches on <remote_name> but still referenced under local(remotes/<remote_name>)

// options: --dry-run, report what branches will be pruned, but do not actually prune them.

$ git branch -d <branch_name>

// delete branch

$ git branch -D <branch_name>

// force delete branch

$ git push <remote> :<branch>

// delete remote branch

$ git branch -r

// list all remote branch

$ git branch -a

// view all of the branches, including remote

$ git branch -m <oldname> <newname>

// rename branch

$ git branch -m <newname>

// rename current branch

$ git branch <new_branch_name> <hash>

// create new branch point to

// can be replaced with reflog shortname

Recover from deleted branch

$ git reflog // and find the SHA1 for the commit at the tip of your deleted branch, then

$ git checkout [sha]

git checkout -b [branchname] // to recreate the branch from there.

$ git checkout -- <file>…

// to discard changes in working directory // blow away all changes since last commit

$ git checkout -b <branch_name> // as if $ git branch <branch_name> were called and then checked out

$ git checkout <tag>

$ git reset HEAD <file>

// to unstage

$ git reset --soft HEAD^

// undo last commit, put changes into staging

$ git reset --hard HEAD^

// undo last commit and all changes

$ git reset --hard HEAD^^

// undo last 2 commits and all changes

$ git reset --hard <SHAhash>

$ git reset --hard HEAD@{[number]}

// git update reflog whenever HEAD moves

// only exists locally

$ git reflog

// list all the reflogs

$ git log --walk-reflogs

// to see reflog info in log format

$ git tag

// list all tags

$ git tag -a <tag_name> -m <message>

// to add a new tag and make it annotated

$ git tag -d <tag_name>

// delete tag

$ git push origin :refs/tags/<tag_name>

// to delete a remote tag

$ git merge <branch_name>

// fast-foward condition:

// (assume on master) nothing new

// <branch_name> something new

// recursive condition:

// both branches have changed

$ git merge —no-ff <branch>

$ git commit -am <message>

// add changes from all tracked files, doesn’t add new (untracked) files

// add and commit in 1 step

$ git commit --amend -m <new_message>

// whatever has been staged is added to last commit

// when local and remote both commit

$ git fetch; git rebase

// (if not to merge automatically)

// instead of recursive merge (local)

$ git checkout <feature> $ git rebase master

// (assumed we want merged into master), this command will add the commits of master into feature

$ git checkout master $ git merge <feature>

// then it would be fast-forward

// when rebase comes into conflict

$ git rebase --continue

// problem has resolved

$ git rebase --skip

//skip this patch

$ git rebase --abort

//check out the original branch and stop rebasing

$ git rebase -i HEAD~3

// interactive rebase after HEAD~3

$ git checkout <branch_to_put_cherry-pick>

$ git cherry-pick <SHAhash>

options: --edit // to add new commit message --no-commit <SHAhash…> // pull (multiple) commit and stages them -x : add source SHA to commit message --sign : track who did the cherry-picking

$ git diff

// show unstaged differences since last commit

$ git diff --staged

// view staged differences

$ git diff HEAD~5

// five commits ago

$ git diff HEAD^..HEAD

// second most recent commit vs. most recent

$ git diff <hash1>..<hash2>

// also (branch1)..(branch2)

// time range as in git log

$ git push <remote> <branch>

$ git push -u <remote> <branch>

// link local <branch> to remote <branch> (tracking)

$ git push <remote> <local_branch>:<remote_branch>

// link up <local_branch> to <remote_branch> (useful for ex: heroku)

$ git push <remote> :<branch>

// delete remote branch

$ git push --tags

// push changes and new tags

$ git push origin :refs/tags/<tag_name>

// to delete a remote tag

$ git push --recurse-submodules=check

// abort push if haven’t pushed submodule

// can run when pushing from parent

$ git push —recurse-submodules=on-demand

// push all submodules automatically

$ git apply <patch_file>

// read the supplied patch file and applies it to files (generated from git format-patch)

// this command applies the patch but does not create a commit

$ git format-patch origin

// Extract all commits which are in the current branch but not in the origin branch

$ git format-patch --root origin

// Extract all commits that lead to origin since the inception of the project

$ git format-patch -3

// Extract three topmost commits from the current branch

$ git stash (save) <message>

// save modified files and restore last commit

$ git stash save --keep-index

// keep staging area not to be stashed

// other options: --include-untracked

// normally git stash only tracked files

$ git stash apply stash@{[number]}

// bring stashed files back

// by default: stash@{0}, use $ git stash list to check

$ git stash list (--stat)

// list all stashes, any argument as git log

$ git stash show stash@{[number]}

// show particular stash, by default: stash@{0}, any argument as git log

$ git stash drop stash@{[number]}

// drop stash after applied, by default: stash@{0}

$ git stash pop

// $ git stash apply; git stash drop

// need to drop manually if conflict exists

$ git stash branch <branch_name> stash@{[number]}

// checkout a new branch, apply the stash you specify and drop automatically

$ git stash show -p stash@{0} | git apply -R

// sometimes you wanna un-apply stash, thought there is no command for that

$ git config --global alias.stash-unapply '!git stash show -p | git apply -R'

// to use $ git stash-unapply

$ git stash clear

// clear all stashes

$ git filter-branch --tree-filter <shell_command> -- --all

// check out each commit to run <shell_command> and recommit

ex: --tree-filter ‘rm -f password.txt’

--all // on all branches

HEAD // filter only current branch

$ git filter-branch --index-filter <shell_command>

// <shell_command> ‘must’ operate on staging area

ex: --index-filter ‘git rm --cached --ignore-unmatch password.txt’

-f // if we wanna run filter-branch again, which overwrite the backup

--prune-empty // drop commit not modifying any file

ex: logs/*.log

$ git rm <file>; git commit -m <message>

// stop tracking // ex: you do rm <file> then do above, it would stage the file’s removal and commit // will be gone and no longer tracked

$ git rm —cached

// keep the file on your hard drive but not have Git track it anymore

$ git clean -f

// delete untracked local files from your current branch

option: -fd: also remove directories -fX: remove only ignored files -fx: remove ignored as well as non-ignored files

$ git clean -n

// no going back for $ git clean -f, so use this to preview first

$ git blame <file> --date short

$ git submodule add <repo_address>

// create .gitmodules and <new_module_name> (actually a directory)

TO MODIFY SUBMODULES

$ cd <new_module_name> $ git checkout master

// by default, don’t have branch

// after modifying, add, commit, push as usual but also ‘need to back to parent module and do it again’

$ git submodule init

// to init a repo containing submodules first, adding entry to .git/config

$ git submodule update

// pull down the repo and new changes

// notice: after update, it would be on no branch

Most of the content are based on what I learned from CodeSchool