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@yotsuda
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@yotsuda yotsuda commented Nov 18, 2025

PR Summary

This PR fixes #25820 by making the -Append and -NoHeader parameters mutually exclusive in Export-Csv.

When both parameters are specified, the cmdlet now throws a clear error message instead of accepting the invalid combination and creating a headerless CSV file that causes subsequent append operations to fail.

PR Context

Issue #25820 identified that combining -Append with -NoHeader leads to undefined behavior:

  • If the target file doesn't exist, a headerless CSV is created on the first call
  • Subsequent append operations then fail because the cmdlet expects headers to be present
  • Using -Force suppresses the error but doesn't perform the expected operation

The PowerShell Working Group reviewed this issue and agreed that these parameters should be mutually exclusive (see comment by SteveL-MSFT).

Implementation Approach

This PR implements a runtime validation approach in ExportCsvCommand.BeginProcessing():

  • Validates parameter combinations at runtime
  • Provides clear error messages to users
  • Minimal code change (8 lines)
  • Preserves existing parameter set structure

Alternative implementation strategies (such as using parameter sets to enforce mutual exclusivity at bind time) were evaluated. A parameter-set-based approach was also explored (see vexx32/PowerShell@e253834). After evaluating these alternatives, the validation approach was selected for its straightforward implementation and minimal changes to the existing class hierarchy.

PR Checklist

Changes

Files Modified

  1. src/Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.Utility/commands/utility/CsvCommands.cs

    • Added validation in ExportCsvCommand.BeginProcessing() to check if both -Append and -NoHeader are specified
    • Throws InvalidOperationException with error ID CannotSpecifyAppendAndNoHeader
  2. src/Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.Utility/resources/CsvCommandStrings.resx

    • Added error message resource: CannotSpecifyAppendAndNoHeader
    • Message: "You cannot specify both the -Append and -NoHeader parameters. When appending to an existing file, headers should already be present."
  3. test/powershell/Modules/Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility/Export-Csv.Tests.ps1

    • Added test to verify the error is thrown when both parameters are specified

Error Message

PS> [PSCustomObject]@{Name='Test'} | Export-Csv -Path test.csv -Append -NoHeader
Export-Csv: You cannot specify both the -Append and -NoHeader parameters. When appending to an existing file, headers should already be present.

Testing

  • ✅ New test added: "Should throw when -Append and -NoHeader are specified together"
  • ✅ Verified error is thrown with correct error ID
  • ✅ Existing tests pass (verified locally)
  • ✅ Manual testing confirms expected behavior

@yotsuda yotsuda force-pushed the fix/export-csv-validation branch from da5ec6f to bf801c9 Compare November 18, 2025 00:56
…exclusive

- Add validation in ExportCsvCommand.BeginProcessing() to throw an error
  when both -Append and -NoHeader parameters are specified together
- Add error message resource: CannotSpecifyAppendAndNoHeader
- Add Pester test to verify the error is thrown correctly

This prevents undefined behavior when users attempt to append to a CSV
file without headers, which could result in data corruption or confusion.
@yotsuda yotsuda force-pushed the fix/export-csv-validation branch from bf801c9 to f5b52bb Compare November 18, 2025 01:32
@yotsuda yotsuda changed the title Fix #25820: Make Export-Csv -Append and -NoHeader mutually exclusive Make Export-Csv -Append and -NoHeader mutually exclusive Nov 18, 2025
@iSazonov iSazonov added the CL-General Indicates that a PR should be marked as a general cmdlet change in the Change Log label Nov 18, 2025
@yotsuda yotsuda marked this pull request as ready for review November 18, 2025 05:16
@iSazonov iSazonov self-assigned this Nov 18, 2025
@iSazonov iSazonov requested a review from Copilot November 21, 2025 12:13
Copilot finished reviewing on behalf of iSazonov November 21, 2025 12:16
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Pull Request Overview

This PR addresses issue #25820 by making the -Append and -NoHeader parameters mutually exclusive in the Export-Csv cmdlet. The fix prevents users from specifying an invalid parameter combination that would create headerless CSV files and cause subsequent append operations to fail. The implementation adds runtime parameter validation, an appropriate error message, and test coverage.

Key Changes

  • Added runtime validation in ExportCsvCommand.BeginProcessing() to detect and reject the conflicting parameter combination
  • Added a new error message resource string for clear user feedback
  • Added test coverage to verify the error is thrown correctly

Reviewed Changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 3 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

File Description
src/Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.Utility/commands/utility/CsvCommands.cs Added parameter validation logic to throw an error when both -Append and -NoHeader are specified
src/Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.Utility/resources/CsvCommandStrings.resx Added error message resource CannotSpecifyAppendAndNoHeader with explanation
test/powershell/Modules/Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility/Export-Csv.Tests.ps1 Added test case to verify the error is thrown with the correct error ID

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}

// Validate that Append and NoHeader are not specified together.
if (Append.IsPresent && NoHeader.IsPresent)
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The validation approach here is inconsistent with the pattern used in the base class BaseCsvWritingCommand.BeginProcessing(). Similar parameter conflict validations (lines 116-128) use MyInvocation.BoundParameters.ContainsKey() to check if parameters were explicitly bound, while this code uses .IsPresent on SwitchParameter properties.

Using .IsPresent can produce different behavior because it returns true if the switch is explicitly set to $true or $false, whereas BoundParameters.ContainsKey() only returns true when the parameter was actually specified by the user.

For consistency with the existing validation pattern, consider using:

if (this.MyInvocation.BoundParameters.ContainsKey(nameof(Append)) && this.MyInvocation.BoundParameters.ContainsKey(nameof(NoHeader)))
Suggested change
if (Append.IsPresent && NoHeader.IsPresent)
if (this.MyInvocation.BoundParameters.ContainsKey(nameof(Append)) && this.MyInvocation.BoundParameters.ContainsKey(nameof(NoHeader)))

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@yotsuda I think we should follow a pattern which we now use for all switches in your recent PRs.

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@iSazonov Thank you for the guidance. I understand I should change line 274 to follow the pattern from my recent PRs.

After reviewing the parameter types, I found:

Switch parameters (can use direct property check):

  • IncludeTypeInformation (line 52)
  • NoTypeInformation (line 59)
  • NoHeader (line 79)
  • Append (line 244)

Non-switch parameters (should keep BoundParameters.ContainsKey()):

  • QuoteFields (line 66) - string[]
  • UseQuotes (line 73) - QuoteKind enum

Proposed changes:

  1. Line 274 (new code):
// Change from:
if (Append.IsPresent && NoHeader.IsPresent)
// To:
if (Append && NoHeader)
  1. Line 123 (existing code, also switch parameters):
// Change from:
if (this.MyInvocation.BoundParameters.ContainsKey(nameof(IncludeTypeInformation)) && 
    this.MyInvocation.BoundParameters.ContainsKey(nameof(NoTypeInformation)))
// To:
if (IncludeTypeInformation && NoTypeInformation)
  1. Line 116 (keep as-is, non-switch parameters):
// Keep unchanged (QuoteFields and UseQuotes are not switch parameters):
if (this.MyInvocation.BoundParameters.ContainsKey(nameof(QuoteFields)) && 
    this.MyInvocation.BoundParameters.ContainsKey(nameof(UseQuotes)))

Should I update both line 123 and line 274 to use the new pattern in this PR?

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I'd prefer to keep the PR as small as possible (fix only new code) and fix other lines in new PR.

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Understood. I've updated only the new code in commit 061a6fc to simplify the condition to if (Append && NoHeader).

if (Append.IsPresent && NoHeader.IsPresent)
{
InvalidOperationException exception = new(CsvCommandStrings.CannotSpecifyAppendAndNoHeader);
ErrorRecord errorRecord = new(exception, "CannotSpecifyBothAppendAndNoHeader", ErrorCategory.InvalidArgument, null);
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The ErrorCategory used here (InvalidArgument) is inconsistent with similar parameter validation errors in this codebase. Lines 119, 126, and 269 all use ErrorCategory.InvalidData for parameter conflict validations.

For consistency, this should use ErrorCategory.InvalidData instead of ErrorCategory.InvalidArgument.

Suggested change
ErrorRecord errorRecord = new(exception, "CannotSpecifyBothAppendAndNoHeader", ErrorCategory.InvalidArgument, null);
ErrorRecord errorRecord = new(exception, "CannotSpecifyBothAppendAndNoHeader", ErrorCategory.InvalidData, null);

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If InvalidArgument is more appropriate we should fix all lines.

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@yotsuda yotsuda Nov 21, 2025

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Investigation Results

I investigated the ErrorCategory usage for parameter conflict validation across the codebase.

Current Implementation in CsvCommands.cs

Line Cmdlet Parameter Conflict ErrorId ErrorCategory Exception Type
119 Export-Csv/ConvertTo-Csv QuoteFields + UseQuotes CannotSpecifyQuoteFieldsAndUseQuotes InvalidData InvalidOperationException
126 Export-Csv/ConvertTo-Csv IncludeTypeInformation + NoTypeInformation CannotSpecifyIncludeTypeInformationAndNoTypeInformation InvalidData InvalidOperationException
269 Export-Csv Path + LiteralPath CannotSpecifyPathAndLiteralPath InvalidData InvalidOperationException
277 Export-Csv Append + NoHeader (NEW) CannotSpecifyBothAppendAndNoHeader InvalidArgument ⚠️ InvalidOperationException
658 Import-Csv Path + LiteralPath CannotSpecifyPathAndLiteralPath InvalidData InvalidOperationException

Comparison with Other Cmdlets

Line Cmdlet File Parameter Conflict ErrorId ErrorCategory Exception Type
708 Format-Table/List/Custom/Wide BaseFormattingCommand.cs View + Property FormatCannotSpecifyViewAndProperty InvalidArgument InvalidDataException
103 Format-Wide Format-Wide.cs AutoSize + Column FormatCannotSpecifyAutosizeAndColumns InvalidArgument InvalidDataException

Analysis

ErrorCategory Semantics:

  • InvalidArgument: The argument value itself is invalid (wrong type, out of range, etc.)
  • InvalidData: The data content or state is invalid (corrupted file, invalid combination, etc.)

Current State:

  • CsvCommands.cs: 4 existing validations use InvalidData
  • Format- cmdlets*: Use InvalidArgument for parameter conflicts
  • My PR: Line 277 uses InvalidArgument (inconsistent with this file)

Proposal

I see three possible approaches:

Option A: Change line 277 to InvalidData (maintain consistency within this file)

  • ✅ File-level consistency: All validations in CsvCommands.cs use InvalidData
  • ✅ Minimal change: Only affects the new code, reducing risk
  • ✅ Backward compatibility: No changes to existing error handling
  • ✅ Semantic validity: Parameter combinations can be considered "invalid data"

Option B: Change all 5 validations in CsvCommands.cs to InvalidArgument (align with Format-* cmdlets)

  • ✅ Consistency with Format-* cmdlets across the codebase
  • ✅ Semantically more accurate: "argument conflicts" rather than "data conflicts"
  • ⚠️ Changes existing code with potential impact on error handling scripts
  • ⚠️ Broader scope and testing required

Option C: Keep InvalidArgument for line 277 and file a separate issue

  • ⚠️ Leaves inconsistency within CsvCommands.cs
  • ✅ Defers broader discussion to dedicated issue

Recommendation

I lean toward Option A for this PR to minimize scope and risk.

Future consideration: A separate issue/PR could be created to unify all parameter conflict validations across the codebase to use InvalidArgument, which would align with Format-* cmdlets.

Which approach would you prefer?

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I agree with Option A.

Both InvalidArgument and InvalidData are not good. We could think about InvalidParameter. But this will require approval by PowerShell Committee since it is change in public API. I'm afraid it will take a long time. But if you want, then create a new issue. There we could discuss whether we can consider a parameter as an argument of cmdlet.

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Thank you for the explanation. I've updated to InvalidData in commit 061a6fc to keep this PR focused.

@iSazonov iSazonov self-requested a review November 21, 2025 12:29
yotsuda and others added 2 commits November 21, 2025 23:16
@iSazonov iSazonov merged commit 8948c41 into PowerShell:master Nov 22, 2025
36 checks passed
@yotsuda yotsuda deleted the fix/export-csv-validation branch November 22, 2025 08:01
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Export-Csv: -Append should be mutually exclusive with -NoHeader

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